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A defect in the CFTR gene causes cystic fibrosis (CF). This gene makes a protein that controls the movement of salt and water in and out of your body's cells. In people who have CF, the gene makes a protein that doesn't work well. This causes thick, sticky mucus and very salty sweat.
This abnormal mucus builds up in various throughout the body including the :
Intestines
Pancreas
Liver
Lungs

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A defective gene on chromosome 15 (HEX-A) causes Tay-Sachs disease. This defective gene causes the body to not make a protein called hexosaminidase it harm the brain.

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1- causes:
caused by a mutation in the gene that tells your body to make the red, iron-rich compound that gives blood its red color (hemoglobin)

2- prevention
- see a doctor at least once a year,
-take medications to reduce pain and prevent complications
- blood transfusions,
- bone marrow transplant

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Prevention
Since the identification of the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in 1989, therapies for Cystic Fibrosis have continued to improve the lifespan and quality of life for patients affected by the disorder.

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Some causes of type 2 diabetes, such as your genes or age, aren't under your control either. Yet many other diabetes risk factors are controllable. Most diabetes prevention strategies involve making simple adjustments to your diet and fitness routine.

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Eating many fruits and vegetables not only can help prevent heart disease, but also may help improve your blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and improve diabetes. Eating two or more servings a week of certain fish, such as salmon and tuna, may decrease your risk of heart disease

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No it can not be prevented because it is from your gene.

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Coronary artery disease.

High blood pressure.

Diabetes.

Smoking.

Excessive use of alcohol or caffeine.

Drug abuse.

Stress.

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Airborne allergens, such as pollen, animal dander, dust mites and mold

Certain foods, particularly peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, soy, fish, shellfish, eggs and milk

Insect stings, such as from a bee or wasp

Medications, particularly penicillin or penicillin-based antibiotics

Latex or other substances you touch, which can cause allergic skin reactions

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Exercise is beneficial even without weight loss in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Exercise is even more beneficial with weight loss in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.

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Avoid your allergens. ...

Take your medicines as prescribed. ...

If you are at risk for anaphylaxis, keep your epinephrine auto-injectors with you at all times. ...

Keep a diary. ...

Wear a medical alert bracelet (or necklace). ...

Know what to do during an allergic reaction.