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Having a strong family or friend base is crucial to how you let

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Having a strong family or friend base is crucial to how you let coro

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Projected account for 85% of all deaths.

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1) Arthritis is the main cause of physical disability in the UK.  8-10 million people in the UK suffer from arthritis- 70% of 70 year olds.
2) Asthma is the most common chronic disease- 39 million prescriptions were dispensed for the treatment of asthma.
3)Diabetes- There are 1.3 million people with diabetes in England.
This disease causes the onset of coronary heart disease.
4) Respitory diseases ( lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary fisase) are also highly prevalent in the UK- causing 20% of all deaths.

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Key features-  Overtime plaque  hardens in the arteries, the effects of hardened plaque can narrow the coronary arteries and can subsequently reduce the flow of oxygen- rich blood to the heart.
The lining of the coronary arteries become congested with a thick substance known as plaques. This hard substance can block subsequent nutrients from being delivered to the artery walls. With the lack of blood flow, and oxygen circulating around the body it can result in high blood pressure.

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The build up of plaques ( fatty atheroma) in the different arteries can eventually lead to narrowing of the arteries or in some cases a local thrombosis which can completely block the blood flow from circulating around the body.
The main types of CVD are: coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral arterial disease.
Statistics
CVD led to nearly 159,000 deaths in England
An estimated 2.8 million men and 2.8 million women in the UK are living with CVD.

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High levels of salt-  Having high levels of salt due to excessive eating of processed food can increase blood pressure.
The recommended action by the NICE guidelines suggests that-  adults should aim for a maximum intake of 6g per day, ensure that food producers are continuously reducing the salt content.
Stopping smoking-  Smoking can damage the lining of the main arteries, this will then lead to subsequent fatty material being built build up and therefore blocking the artery. In conjunction with causing blocked arteries, the carbon monoxide found in tobacco reduces the amount of oxygen.
Addressing diet
Physical inactivity- Schemes should be set up to encourage people to give up public transport and to opt for active forms of travel such as cycling or running.

These factors can be changed through the improvement of your current lifestyle choices.

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Smoking

Age- Men over 45/ Women over 55

Being overweight

Inactive lifestyle

Diabetes

High cholesterol

Drinking too much alcohol

High blood pressure

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Age-  Increasingly common after the age of 60.
Genetics-  If both of your parents have suffered from heart disease before the age of 55 then the risk of you being diagnosed increases by 50%.
Further genetic factors have looked into the role of abnormal blood lipids- one in 250 people have what is known as familial hypercholesterolaemia which is an inherited condition by which their cholesterol are higher than normal straight from birth. The risk of heart disease is much greater due to them having high cholesterol for so long- if this condition has been kept untreated then by the age of 55 they may develop coronary heart disease.

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- Dealing with medical technology/ procedures/ environments
One treatment that is used after a heart attack or heart surgery is known as Cardiac Rehabilitation

Provides advice on how to get back to your everyday life.

Makes sure that the patient understand their condition and how to reduce your risk of further heart problems.

This allows the patient to understand what is happening to their bodies and teaches them what to do about making appropriate changes to their lifestyle. Furthermore, the cardiac rehab team can reassure you and your loved ones that they are doing the right thing to improve your health.
The cardiac rehab team also provide you with ways that you can improve your health- as well as getting in touch with your GP for further support.
This can then give them a clearer sense of self- the GP may even recommend them keeping a diary by which they can note how they are feeling everyday- moods may change day to day and so the diary can allow the patient to keep sort of control over their mood.

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This sense of denial they often have about changing their lifestyle is normally overcome when they are admitted to hospital. Once they are admitted they realise just how important it is to make apparent changes. Being the first step towards recovery,hospital admission brings a drastic change in daily living and could have social-psychological issues.

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Feelings of short breath

Chest pain or more commonly known as angina- pressure or tightness in the chest.

In some circumstances if the build of plaque is extremely prevalent and the coronary artery is completely blocked it may trigger a heart attack.

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Clogged coronary artery

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Having a strong family or friend base is crucial to how you let coronary heart disease impact your life. CHD will often lead to a great dependence on others especially if movement becomes limited in the later stages. Research has looked into the effects of social isolation and low levels of perceived social support lead to an increased CHD risk.
Stress and adaptation have found that conflict in personal relationships predict poor outcomes- Orth-Gomer et al.,2000 found patients who reported higher levels of martial conflict were three times more likely to experience recurrent coronary events.
On the other hand, those that have support have been found to have reduced cardiovascular reactivity to stressors- Christenfield et al., 1997 found that having a friend with you reduces coronary vascular risk. This is consistent with the view that having someone with you, whilst you battle the diagnosis can have beneficial support both psychologically and psychically.

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Your doctor may recommend that you take certain lifestyle changes-  stop smoking, begin an active lifestyle, eat healthier foods.
Adaptation: Preservation of emotional Balance
Once the individual has been diagnosed with CHD they may face issues of denial whereby they tend to refuse to belive that they need to make lifestyle choices. This denial of change may lead to conflict between patients and family members based on the focus of the patients diet, medication and physical activity.
Patients have been found to resent the overprotectivness and concern shown towards them by wives and families- they are found to adapt to this by attempting to dominate others when home.