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asthma
corticosteroids
dyspnea

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Bordetella Pertussis-

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pulmonary - relating to the lungs
atelectasis - collapsed lung
PPC - post- operative pulmonary complications - atelectasis can cause more severe complications
edema - swelling of soft tissues due to excess fluid
pleural effusion -  buildup of fluid between the tissues that line the lungs and the chest
pneumonia - infection that inflames one or both lungs
ventilator - machine used to breathe air into and out of the lungs
MRI - magnetic resonance imaging -- shows an image of the chest and allows to see any problems with lungs
alveolar - relating to the air sacs
parenchyma - the functional organs in the parts of a person's body - bronchioles and alveoli

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Chest radiography - radiographic image of the thoracic cavity
PFT's - measures ventilation mechanics of the lungs
pneumonia - acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, fill with pus
pulmonary edema - fluid in air sacs and bronchioles
COPD - chronic inflammatory lung disease
pulmonary hemorrhage - acute bleeding from the lung, upper respiratory tract, trachea, and alveoli
chronic respiratory failure - hypoxemic and hypercapnic

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case 1: cor pulmonale because the tightness in the center of his chest is a result of the pulmonary artery pressure rising. the right side of his chest is in pain because the heart must work harder to pump blood.
case 2- pneumconiosis/asbestosis because he was exposed to renovating an old house and could have asbestos particles in his lungs.

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Case 1      megan shweta sameer and asher

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Case 1      megan shweta sameer and asher

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Pneumothorax
Use an X-ray to look for a collapsed lung
Signs to look for are tears in the lung, or any trauma

Case 2
Asthma or pneumoconiosis
Could be caused by the release of asbestos while renovating the old house

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Pneumonia

Case #2
Pertussis, pneumoconiosis

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- Cystic Fibrosis- Disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally.
- Bronchoscope- Instrument used to visually examine the bronchioles.
- Mucolytics- Break down mucus

- Pneumocystis

pneumonia(Jirovecii) (PCP)- Caused by yeast- like fungus. Causing lung disease in weak immune patients.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa-  infection occurs in patients at the hospital or weakened immunity.
- Staphylococcus aureus- most important bacteria. can cause bloodstream infections, pneumonia, or joint/bone infections
- Asthma- Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder due to bronchial edema and increased mucus production.
- Pulmonary- pertaining to lungs.

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COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs
Asthma: chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to constriction and more
Lung cancer: malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi
Emphysema: hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
Positron Emission Tomography: radioactive glucose is injected and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs
Expiratory: pertaining to the expiration of air from the lungs
Pulmonary: pertaining to the lungs
Thoracotomy: incision into the pleural space in the chest
Computed Tomography: computer generated series of x ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes
Mediastinoscopy: visual examination of the mediastinum
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1121808/

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Case 1:
Pulmonary embolism
Has pain in his chest, and tightness, also has trouble breathing

Case 2:
Croup or pneumoconiosis, or asthma, he's a child, renovating a house, lots of dust accumulating in lungs
atopic
Terms:
COPD- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder
Chronic Bronchitis-Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long period of time
CT scan-Computer generated series of x-ray images show structures in cross sections and other planes
Central airway- The bodies central airway is the trachea
Stable lung function- this means the lungs are performing correctly without any problems
lower lobe airway- This is an airway in the lower lobes of either the right or left lung
tracheobronchial tree-This is the branching of airways beginning of the larynx and extending into the lungs and bronchioles
low lung function-forced expiratory volume, which increases chance for heart disease
airway structure- these are any structures that oxygen passes through on its way through the respiratory system
Branch variants- these are just differences in branches of the tracheobronchial tree
https://www.medpagetoday.com/pulmonology/smokingcopd/70582

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1. cor palmonale, COPD, pneumonia. ask about heredity, smoker or non-smoker,

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In order to diagnose the condition, the doctor would have to ask questions on whether or not the patient is a smoker and taking a chest x-ray would be a wise course of action.  Potential diseases are pneumonia and COPD.

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https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/pulmonary-embolism
Pulmonary Embolism- A condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot.
deep vein thrombosis - blood clots form in the deep veins of the body—most often in the legs.
V Leiden-   An inherited blood-clotting disorder due to a mutation of the blood's factor V protein.
Thrombolytics - medicines that can quickly dissolve a blood clot
Anticoagulants - blood thinners, decrease your blood's ability to clot.
Venous thromboembolism- This term is used for both pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis.
Echocardiography -This test uses sound waves to create a moving picture of your heart. Doctors use echo to check heart function and detect blood clots inside the heart.

perfusion scan- uses a radioactive substance to show how well oxygen and blood are flowing to all areas of your lungs.
Pulmonary angiography -

For this test, a flexible tube called a catheter is threaded through the groin (upper thigh) or arm to the blood vessels in the lungs. Dye is injected into the blood vessels through the catheter. X-ray pictures are taken to show blood flowing through the blood vessels in the lungs.

D-dimer test -used to help rule out the presence of an inappropriate blood clot (thrombus).
Chest MRI -This test uses radio waves and magnetic fields to create pictures of organs and structures inside the body. MRI often can provide more information than an x ray.

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https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/respiratory-failure

Chronic Respiratory Failure:
-Ventilator Support =  a tool for artificial breathing.
-Oxygen Therapy =  Additional oxygen is given through a nasal cannula or a mask.
-Tracheostomy =  This is when a hole is surgically made in the front of the neck and through to the windpipe. A small tube is placed in the hole to provide oxygen when the pharynx cannot fails.
-Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) = uses mild air pressure to keep your airways open while you sleep using a mask to fit over the nose and mouth.
-CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) = helps to open up airways while sleeping. It is a type of NPPV that can also aid Sleep Apnea.
-Endotracheal Tube = Goes through patients mouth and into the windpipe to provide oxygen to the lungs.
-Nasogastric Tubes = a thin tube that is inserted through the nostrils and all the way to the stomach. This helps to provide a resting or comatose patient with nutrients and to remove toxic substances or stomach contents.
-Chest x-ray = projection of the chest used to diagnose conditions affecting the chest.Helps find underlying problems.
-Electrocardiogram (EKG) = A test that detects and records the heart's electrical activity.
-Arrhythmia/Auscultation = Doctors may listen to chest to see if you may have arrhythmia because it is often caused by lack of oxygen body.

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metabolism -    sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms

anti-inflammatory -  the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation or swelling

exacerbated-  make (a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) worse

epithelial respiratory cell-

line the airways, each uniquely suited to its location and function.

asthma- A condition in which a person's airways become inflamed, narrow and swell, and produce extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe.

atopic- prone to allergies

rhino sinusitis-  A condition in which the cavities around the nasal passages become inflamed.

NSAID- Non Steroidal Anti inflammatory drugs

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COPD- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (chronic inflammatory lung disease)
Exhalation- breathing out
Respiratory- relating to respiration
ECAC- Expiratory central airway collapse
SOB- shortness of breath
Exacerbations- increase in severity of disease (Ex:  exacerbation of asthma)
Airflow Obstructions- feature of COPD
CT scan- X-ray images taken from different angles
Bronchoscopy- visual examination of the bronchi (allows doctor to look at airways)
Emphysema- hyperinflation of air sacs
https://www.medpagetoday.com/primarycare/smoking/55962

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Case 1:
Possibilities:
-Pulmonary embolism

Signs:
-has difficulty inhaling
-tightness in center of chest
Diagnosis:
-CT scan
-MRI (to show the pleura/lungs)
-Chest x-ray

Case 2:
Pneumoconiosis, specifically asbestosis.
Cause:
-the dust from the old house during renovation.

Article:
-rhinorrhea
-expiratory
-wheezing
-fine crackles
-bronchiolitis
-RAD
-pneumonia
-pneumothorax
-chest x ray
-tachypnea
https://www.medpagetoday.com/blogs/epmonthly/49971