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Invitation to Contribute to 'YOU CALL. I CARE.' Film Production

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Invitation to Contribute to 'YOU CALL. I CARE.' Film Production

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This time I challenged myself, instead of working with other directors and cinematographers, I am doing everything by myself and now I present you all 'YOU CALL. I CARE.’! Thank you to all the casts and crews involved and you have all done excellent work! I am so excited about the film!

I want to thank you all of the amazing casts involved! This time I used all new actors who haven't been in any of my films before. Thank you Helen 🤬, Selene Du, Emily Liu, Manisha Dasari and Soffey Athanasopoulos for being great and amazing actors! Thank you Theo for being such a funny 'boyfriend'! Thank you Shannon for being a great photo model as the special appearance in my film! Thank you to all the extras involved, including Brody Galletti, Matthew Brice and Sharifin Salah. Lastly, a massive thank you to Sarah Hampel for being a great actress in my film - I actually found her at the very last moment since my another actress got stuck in Melbourne and I needed to find someone urgently, and Sarah was very adaptable, followed instructions well and remembered her lines very quickly! Highly recommend her and will definitely find her for my future films and also projects by other directors!

I also want to thank you to all the editors, art designers, music designers and graphics designers involved in this film! Thank you for finding missing parts of my footages and audios (since I am a horrible D.O.P. and I missed some parts or some parts disappeared haha~)! Thank you M. Kappetipola! Thank you Ellen Stuart! Also a massive thank you to Ingrid Arndale for an incredible theme song for ‘YOU CALL. I CARE.’!

The film is currently in its final post-production progress and it will be submitted to a film festival in early September. Furthermore, since this is my first time being the Director of Photography of my own feature film, I am planning to hold a screening in Adelaide for the film after the film festival. I have just set up an Indiegogo page so if you want to contribute and support us it will be fantastic! I will credit your name in the end credits of the film if you contribute before Thursday!

https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/you-call-i-care#/

Last but not least, I hope you all have an absolutely stunning week!

Best wishes,
Joshua Tse

29th August 2018

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How Switzerland is confronting their sustainability problem

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How Switzerland is confronting their sustainability problem

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Hey guys! Feel free to take a look at these following references to learn more about how the Swiss is dealing with their sustainability crisis. It may also give you an idea and guideline on what to look for and present on Monday.

28th April 2018,
Larysa Class D.

Best regards,
Evelyn, Tabeth, Erika, Serena.

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new record for renewable  energy production in finland.docx

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Did you know that Norway previously set a goal at becoming carbon neutral by 2030?(i) One can find it contradictory, reconciling with the fact that Norway is one of the world's biggest per capita polluters produces and exports oil at a high rate. Nevertheless their goals for climate investements, through the campaign Klimaløftet,  is one of the most ambitious and extremely challenging goals any country had ever set. Norway was courageous on doing so, but unfortunately there is yet much work left to reach this goal and 2030 is coming closer.

The previous Government through eight years, led by Jens Stoltenberg and the Labor party announced at the time that "the plan calls for a "significant sum" of money to be earmarked for investment in renewable energy, mass transport and strategies aimed at lowering emissions from the transport sector; other "carrot and stick" measures - including a boost to research funding and a tax increase on diesel fuel and gas - will be implemented to "promote more environmentally friendly behaviour."(ii)

This way Norway aimed at achieving carbon neutrality by significantly reducing its own greenhouse gas emissions and offsetting the remaining by investing in environmental projects - primarily focused on fighting deforestation in developing countries - to obtain carbon credits.

Today we know that these goals can not be achieved unless oil activity is significantly reduced or put to a halt. Simply fighting deforestation and carbon offsetting is unsufficient.

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ACCESS TO PADLET FOR EAP GROUP WORK (DENMARK)

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ACCESS TO PADLET FOR EAP GROUP WORK (DENMARK)

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Dear all,
Hi. For those who are in my Denmark group, or those who are not in but want to see what we have done, please click into the link below to access our group's PADLET page. Thanks.

https://padlet.com/yanpingjoshua/eapgroupworkdenmark

Best wishes,
REDIALA Joshua

17th April 2018

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Greenland Is Melting Faster Than Any Time in the Last 400 Years

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Greenland Is Melting Faster Than Any Time in the Last 400 Years

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The Greenland ice sheet is melting at its fastest rate in at least 400 years, new research suggests. And the melting is only speeding up.

A study published this week in Geophysical Research Letters finds that melt rates in western Greenland have been accelerating for the last few decades. Melting is now nearly double what it was at the end of the 19th century, the research suggests. And the scientists say a significant increase in summertime temperatures—to the tune of about 1.2 degrees Celsius since the 1870s—is mainly to blame.

Future warming may only continue to enhance the melting, the researchers warn—a major concern when it comes to future sea-level rise.

“If we’re going to make accurate predictions of sea-level rise, we have got to understand how Greenland responds to warming,” said study co-author Erich Osterberg, a climate scientist at Dartmouth College, in an interview with E&E News.

Much of the recent attention on Greenland’s ice loss has focused on icebergs breaking away from the ice sheet’s glaciers, eye-catching events that often draw media attention and capture the public’s imagination. But research suggests that melting from the surface of the ice sheet actually accounts for more than half of Greenland’s ice loss. So the factors influencing surface melt rates are just as important to understand when predicting future sea-level rise.

Satellite observations and ice models have helped scientists estimate surface melt rates from the last few decades. But there’s another method scientists can use to confirm these estimates on the ground.

While much of the meltwater runs off into the ocean, a substantial portion trickles back into the snow as it rolls down the ice sheet and refreezes.

“The record of that melt event is then locked into the glacier,” Osterberg noted.

Scientists can retrieve it by drilling into the surface of the ice sheet and drawing out a long core of ice, containing many layers of refrozen water, which they may then analyze in a laboratory. These ice cores can provide all kinds of valuable information about the age of the ice and the timing of melt events on the ice sheet.

Osterberg, along with lead study author Karina Graeter and a team of other researchers, voyaged to western Greenland to investigate in person. In a region known as the “percolation zone,” where meltwater tends to trickle back into the snow and refreeze, they drilled beneath the surface and extracted seven ice cores for analysis.

The cores provided a record of melting events dating back to the year 1550. They suggest that melt rates in the region have been significantly increasing since the early 1990s, and are currently higher than they’ve been at any other point in the record.

The researchers used models informed with historical climate data to investigate some of the climatic factors influencing melt rates from one year to the next over the last century. Fluctuations in ocean temperatures and certain atmospheric circulation patterns were shown to have a major influence on year-to-year variations in melt rates since the 1870s.

That’s important to note, because these oceanic and atmospheric patterns may change under the influence of future climate change. Scientists are still debating how they may be affected, but the new findings suggest that a better understanding will be critical to making accurate short-term predictions about melting and sea-level rise.

That said, ongoing warming is still likely to be the biggest influence on long-term melting trends. Despite many fluctuations in weather conditions over the last century, the scientists noticed that the oceanic and atmospheric conditions were nearly identical at the end of the 19th century and in the early 2000s—yet melt rates in the 2000s were nearly double what they were a century ago.

The major difference between these two time periods is that summer air temperatures had warmed by more than a degree Celsius in the intervening years because of ongoing climate change. These findings suggest that, all other weather conditions held equal, human-caused warming is the greatest long-term factor in Greenland’s surface melt rates.

And if melting has already doubled in the last 100 years, continued warming may mean that surface melt becomes an even greater contributor to sea-level rise in the coming years.

“Essentially, the weather patterns that control these year-to-year changes become less and less important when you look over longer time scales,” Osterberg said. “Several decades into the future, the long-term warming trend from greenhouse gases—that’s going to dominate the signal.”

Source:
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-any-time-in-the-last-400-years/

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Popularity places 1st World Heritage site in danger - Role 2

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Popularity places 1st World Heritage site in danger - Role 2

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Dear everyone,

Hi. This is Joshua. A few weeks ago we have discussed the article 'Popularity places 1st World Heritage site in danger' in class. I was assigned Role 2, who was the one to search for academic words. I have uploaded the definitions of the difficult words of this article - attached to this post. You can use it as a reference if you want.

Have a great Easter!

Best wishes,
Joshua

30th March 2018

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What impact does your home have on our environment? What difference does it make if your showerhead is water-efficient or not? Collectively, across 2.8 million households in New South Wales, it makes an enormous difference.

If each of us aims to run a sustainable household, which means thinking about the type and amount of resources we use, how we recycle and dispose of materials, the steps we take to manage and conserve the natural environment we all depend on, we are not only conserving energy, we are saving money too.

Little things like changing to a water-efficient showerhead can save hundreds of litres of water a year, and stop your dollars going down the drain.

If we build houses that are well insulated and designed, then it will cost less to heat and cool them. If we consider our purchases carefully, a lot less waste will end up as landfill and pollution. Every year, each Australian generates, on average, more than 2000kg of rubbish; in NSW alone, we throw away $2.5 billion worth of edible food a year.

Water usage remains a key environmental concern and there are many ways to use it sparingly, without compromising on comfort. Whether it’s fixing a leaking tap or installing a household greywater system, every little bit helps.

Lots of little actions by lots of people can help turn things around. We have compiled some simple steps and actions you can take:

Save energy
Tips to improve your home’s energy efficiency rating with better heating, cooling, hot water, insulation and lighting.

Be water-wise
Save water in the home and garden.

Smarter choices
Choose more water/ energy efficient appliances  and compare the running costs of different models.

Recycling and waste

Avoid, reduce, reuse and recycle waste by living sustainably.

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New Salesforce Tower tallest building in San Francisco

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New Salesforce Tower tallest building in San Francisco

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Developers Boston Properties and Hines built the skyscraper, and Salesforce, with a 714,000-square-foot lease, is the anchor tenant.

Salesforce Transit Center has been part of the drama unfolding at the nearby Millennium Tower, which is now infamous for sinking and leaning more than developers projected, as well causing a flurry of legal action. In October 2016, the building had already sunk 16 inches, 11 or 12 more inches than developers projected. Reportedly, a citizen, concerned about how much the building was leaning, kicked off the city's involvement by calling the public 311 information line.

While Millennium Partners was getting pummeled with the first of many lawsuits, the developer blamed the sinking on the de-watering going on at the Salesforce Transit Center. Meanwhile, city transit officials blamed the problem on the building's design, claiming that the 58-story building was sinking because its foundation piles were about 100 feet short of hitting bedrock.

In November 2016, the city filed a lawsuit against the Millennium's developers, alleging that they knew the building was sinking more than projected, and that they failed to notify homeowners before they purchased units there. Homeowners have also filed lawsuits against Millennium Partners.

As of Jan. 21, according to CBS News, the tower had not stopped sinking and was down 17 inches.

An independent inspection by city engineers noted some minor electrical damage, but indicated that it was safe to occupy and could withstand a major earthquake. They also suggested conditions in the building be monitored. Another inspection, however, revealed a potentially life-threatening situation.

Palo Alto, CA, architectural and engineering firm Allana Buick & Bers was hired to provide another assessment of the building, and found that the building's façade is pulling away from the structure, creating a path for a potential fire to spread quickly. Homeowners claim that the information was redacted from the copies of inspection reports they received.

The Department of Buildings Inspection, according to SF Weekly, has issued fire safety violations for the tower, and gave Millennium Partners until Jan. 19 to either fix the problem or provide an independent assessment that the building presents no fire hazard.

https://www.constructiondive.com/news/new-salesforce-tower-tallest-building-in-san-francisco/515524/

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The Benefits Of Using Sustainable Timber

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The Benefits Of Using Sustainable Timber

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Using sustainable timber has a number of benefits to you as a consumer and to the planet. At Champion we take our environmental responsibilities seriously, ensuring that we can supply you with high quality sustainable timber that meets the highest standards.

Why use sustainable timber

Trees play an essential role in capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. The increase in CO2 in the atmosphere is the single biggest cause of global warming, which is leading to climate change.

As trees grow, they capture CO2 from the atmosphere at a rate of 1 tonne for every m3 of growth, as well as producing 0.7 tonnes of oxygen. This CO2 is locked away into the wood and continues to be stored for the lifetime of the timber products.

This makes sustainable timber products a 'carbon sink' - a means of taking CO2 out of the atmosphere and reducing the impact of global warming.

The benefits of using sustainable timber

Using sustainable timber can reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, but there are a range of other benefits to using responsibly-sourced timber in your projects:

1. Wood is a fantastic insulator - wood has excellent thermal properties, with low thermal conductivity and high thermal mass. This means that buildings made from sustainable timber are also more efficient to heat and cool, reducing the carbon footprint of a building over its lifetime even further.

2. The sustainable timber industry is beneficial to the UK economy - it's estimated that the UK forestry and timber industry provides over 100,000 jobs in the UK, many of which are in rural areas. In 2012 the forestry and timber processing industry contributed £1.7 billion to the UK economy.

3. It takes less energy to produce sustainable timber products than other building materials - wood building materials have low embodied energy. This means that the amount of energy used in their production and transport is lower than alternatives such as steel, concrete or brick. This reduces the overall carbon footprint of your project.

4. The unique properties of wood allow you to be creative in design - sustainable timber has a range of properties that alternative materials are unable to replicate. This means that buildings and other structures that make us of sustainable timber can be designed in exciting ways that simply aren't possible with other materials.

5. Sustainable timber helps buildings to meet government regulations - the UK government is increasingly making use of legislation to reduce the environmental impact of buildings. The environmental credentials of sustainable timber can help to ensure that projects meet government requirements, future-proof planned projects against future legislation and even give projects a better chance of getting through the planning process.

What makes timber sustainable?

Sustainable timber products come from well-managed forests, where new trees are planted to replace those that are harvested. Planting new trees means that even more CO2 is stored, making sustainable timber products better than carbon neutral.

Sustainable timber is used to produce a wide range of products - from timber decking to sheet materials, timber doors and garden sheds.

Well-managed forests also have a positive impact on biodiversity, ensuring that animals and plants are protected. This preserves the forest for future generations, as well as ensuring that it continues to provide a reliable source of sustainable timber. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification scheme sets incredibly high standards for sustainable timber, including:

commitments to replacing trees that are harvested, or allowing them to regenerate naturally

guarantees that that indigenous people's right to use the forest is protected,

ensuring that local workers are employed to run the forest and provided with training, safety equipment and decent salaries.

These safeguards have led FSC to be the only sustainable timber certification scheme to receive endorsements from major environmental charities, including WWF, Greenpeace and The Woodland Trust.

Sustainable timber should be traceable throughout the entire supply chain. This ensures that the product that you buy has been sourced from a sustainably managed forest, responsibly processed and tracked all the way to the store.

How to ensure you're buying sustainable timber

Certification schemes such as the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) make it easy for you to check that you're buying sustainable timber. These schemes set out standards to define how forests should be managed and set strict chain of custody requirements so you can be sure that you're buying sustainable timber that meets strict environmental standards.

At Champion we use rigorous verification systems to monitor our sustainable timber supplies. We have Environmental Chain of Custody Certification for the FSC and PEFC. We also ensure that our suppliers are independently audited for the Responsible Purchasing Policy (RPP) of the Timber Trade Federation and Forests Forever.

We source our own sustainable timber, machine it ourselves and sell it direct. This allows us to control the quality, continuity of supply and price products competitively - and importantly, guarantee that it has been sustainably sourced.

Get ideas for using sustainable timber in your build

Use of sustainable timber in construction projects is taking off, and with good reason; some of the most exciting and innovative buildings make use of sustainable timber.

You can find out more about innovations in the industry: including examples of sustainable timber in use and the range of products available - as well as getting inspiration for your own projects by attending industry events.

The Ecobuild conference, taking place between 8-10 March 2016 is a great place to learn more and get ideas. It's an opportunity to learn more about sustainable timber, its benefits and how you can make use of it in your next project.

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The benefits of using sustainable timber

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Using sustainable timber has a number of benefits to you as a consumer and to the planet. At Champion we take our environmental responsibilities seriously, ensuring that we can supply you with high quality sustainable timber that meets the highest standards. Trees play an essential role in capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.

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The article I read about sustainability.

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Just last week the world's two largest carbon emitters formally joined the Paris Agreement, a significant step toward the agreement entering into full force this year. This latest announcement marks yet another milestone in the President's leadership over the past seven and a half years in the global fight against climate change. And while leading these global efforts, the President has also directed our nation's largest consumer of energy-the Federal Government-to lead by example in this fight at home.

Over the course of this Administration, the President has set aggressive goals for the Federal Government to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase deployment of renewable energy, and reduce overall energy and water use in Federal buildings. And through a series of innovative methods, such as leveraging the Federal Government's vast purchasing power, agencies are on track to meet these goals. For instance, U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) recently announced the Federal Government's first-ever joint solar power procurement contract, which will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 40,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide. GSA also awarded a contract to design, construct and operate solar energy systems on the rooftops of 18 Federal buildings that, when fully operational, are expected to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by more than 2400 metric tons annually. And earlier this summer, we announced a proposed rule that would drive greater disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions and climate-related risk data among the Government's supply chain.

Building on these efforts, today we're launching a new tool to further drive sustainable purchasing in the Federal Government's over $400 billion supply chain and to strengthen environmental stewardship requirements in federal acquisitions. The more than 10,000 federal users of GSA's Acquisition Gateway - a one-stop portal supporting Category Management that includes contract information by category, like pricing tools, best practices, and other information - will now see a new Green ✓ (Green Check) tag next to contract vehicles that are identified as sustainable and that advance our Federal green purchasing goals.

To determine which contract vehicles would be designated with a Green Check, a cross-agency interdisciplinary advisory team led by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reviewed all contract awards within the Information Technology Hardware category on the Gateway and identified those contracts that are a source of equipment that meets or exceeds Federal energy efficiency and other sustainable IT standards. Moving forward, members of the advisory team, which include representatives from GSA, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Department of Energy (DOE), and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), among others, will advise Category Managers as they continue their efforts to increase sustainability within government-wide contracting vehicles, with plans to launch Green Check in additional categories in the coming months.

By integrating Green Check into the Acquisition Gateway, we're making it easier for agencies to find and select contracts that meet aggressive energy standards and creating a more energy-efficient, climate-smart, and sustainable Federal supply chain. After all, everyone has a stake in the fight against climate change, and this Administration is committed to leading by example in this fight.

Anne Rung is the U.S. Chief Acquisition Officer. Christine Harada is the Federal Chief Sustainability Officer at the Council on Environmental Quality.

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Just last week the world's two largest carbon emitters formally joined the Paris Agreement, a significant step toward the agreement entering into full force this year. This latest announcement marks yet another milestone in the President's leadership over the past seven and a half years in the global fight against climate change.

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Northern White Rhinos Are About to Die Out. Should We Save Them?

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Northern White Rhinos Are About to Die Out. Should We Save Them?

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The last male northern white rhinoceros is wallowing in the mud and grazing again after an age-related infection nearly spelled his end earlier this month. But although 45-year-old Sudan is still standing—for now—conservationists are debating whether his subspecies has a chance at survival.

There are only three northern white rhinos (Ceratotherium simum cottoni) left in the world. Sudan, the eldest, is the only male. The other two, Najin and Fatu, are his daughter and granddaughter, respectively. They all live under armed guard at Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya.

None of the rhinos will ever reproduce again naturally. Sudan is too old, and his sperm quality is dismal, keepers discovered when they last collected his semen in 2014. Najin is too old to bear the weight of a mating male or to carry a pregnancy, while Fatu has uterine problems.

Regarding saving the subspecies, Sudan is already functionally obsolete, said Jan Stejskal, director of communications and international projects at Dvr Králové Zoo in the Czech Republic, which technically owns the three rhinos. Najin and Fatu, both of whom still produce eggs, are the more valuable rhinos for the future, as their donor eggs could be used in in vitro fertilization with stored sperm from a deceased male. The resulting pregnancy could then be implanted into a southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum), a closely related subspecies. The question becomes—is saving the northern white rhino worth it?

RHINOCEROS REPRODUCTION

Sudan is cared for around-the-clock by a team of veterinarians and protected from poachers by armed guards. Caregivers at Ol Pejeta Conservancy reported on Feb. 28 that a leg infection was threatening the elderly rhino’s life and that Sudan was responding poorly to treatment. Over the next week, however, Sudan began to stand, graze and even wallow in the mud.

Still, the last male’s death is likely not far in the future, given his advanced age. This vision of extinction has spurred debate in conservation circles, with some arguing that saving the northern white rhino is a poor use of resources. “[P]revention is better than cure,” according to Save the Rhino. The organization argues that the northern white subspecies is functionally extinct already; saving it with IVF and surrogacy is more akin to reviving dead woolly mammoths than saving a critically endangered subspecies.

“Much of the sub-species’ former range has lost rhinos in its entirety, with limited conservation programmes or expertise for managing a rhino population, and large-scale habitat loss,” according to Save the Rhino’s position statement on northern white rhino IVF. Focusing efforts on poaching prevention—rhino horn is coveted for its “medicinal properties," which are just a myth—and saving habitat would be more beneficial for the other rhino species that have a better chance at survival, according to the organization.

Stejskal and other researchers active in the IVF project see it differently. A substantial portion of the donations for saving the northern white rhino come from parties more interested in the development of IVF technologies for different species than in rhino conservation in particular, Stejskal said.

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Sustainable tourism                                             

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Sustainable tourism                                             

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Sustainable tourism is the concept of visiting a place as a tourist and trying to make only a positive impact on the environment, society and economy.[1] Tourism can involve primary transportation to the general location, local transportation, accommodations, entertainment, recreation, nourishment and shopping. It can be related to travel for leisure, business and what is called VFR (visiting friends and relatives).[2] There is now broad consensus that tourism development should be sustainable; however, the question of how to achieve this remains an object of debate.[3]

Without travel there is no tourism, so the concept of sustainable tourism is tightly linked to a concept of sustainable mobility.[4] Two relevant considerations are tourism's reliance on fossil fuels and tourism's effect on climate change. 72 percent of tourism's CO₂ emissions come from transportation, 24 percent from accommodations, and 4 percent from local activities.[2] Aviation accounts for 55% of those transportation CO₂ emissions (or 40% of tourism's total). However, when considering the impact of all greenhouse gas emissions from tourism and that aviation emissions are made at high altitude where their effect on climate is amplified, aviation alone accounts for 75% of tourism's climate impact.[5]

The International Air Transport Association(IATA) considers an annual increase in aviation fuel efficiency of 2 percent per year through 2050 to be realistic. However, both Airbus and Boeing expect the passenger-kilometers of air transport to increase by about 5 percent yearly through at least 2020, overwhelming any efficiency gains. By 2050, with other economic sectors having greatly reduced their CO₂emissions, tourism is likely to be generating 40 percent of global carbon emissions.[6] The main cause is an increase in the average distance travelled by tourists, which for many years has been increasing at a faster rate than the number of trips taken.[6][7][8][9] "Sustainable transportation is now established as the critical issue confronting a global tourism industry that is palpably unsustainable, and aviation lies at the heart of this issue (Gossling et al., 2010)."

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Eco-Tourism: Encourage Conservation or Adding to Exploitation?

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Eco-Tourism: Encourage Conservation or Adding to Exploitation?

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Eco-tourism has emerged as one of the most important sectors of the international tourism industry. The United Nations, recognizing eco-tourism's potential role in sustainable development, has declared 2002 the "International Year of Eco-tourism."

At its best, eco-tourism is responsible travel to natural areas that safeguards the integrity of the ecosystem and produces economic benefits for local communities that can encourage conservation. At the nexus of population and the environment, eco-tourism is a creative way of marrying the goals of ecological conservation and economic development.

Unfortunately, while some eco-tourism projects succeed in promoting both of these causes, others are less successful. Environmental deterioration and inequitable development may in some cases actually be exacerbated by eco-tourism. To ensure that eco-tourism fulfills its promise, policymakers, promoters, and participants should make sure that all tourism activities have minimal environmental impact, that such development is welcomed by local communities, and that it promotes stable and equitable economic development.

(Jonathan Nash, April 2001)
http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2001/EcoTourismEncouragingConservationorAddingtoExploitation.aspx

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Cities Emit 60% More Carbon Than Thought

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Cities Emit 60% More Carbon Than Thought

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The carbon footprint of some of the world's biggest cities is 60 percent larger than previously estimated when all the products and services a city consumes are included, according to a new analysis.

The report was released Tuesday at the IPCC Cities and Climate Change Science Conference in Edmonton, Canada, and estimated the carbon emissions for the food, clothing, electronics, air travel, construction materials, and so on consumed by residents but produced outside city limits.

The world's cities emit 70 percent of the world's carbon dioxide-and that's likely higher when consumption emissions are included, says report author Michael Doust, program director at C40 Cities, a network of the world's cities committed to addressing climate change.

"We're missing the other side of the coin if we only measure emissions involved in the production of food, energy, or other products and services," Doust said in an interview in Edmonton. "Knowing what the consumption emissions are and where allows cities and residents to make better decisions on how to reduce their carbon emissions."

Wealthy "consumer cities" such as London, Paris, New York, Toronto, or Sydney that no longer have large industrial sectors have significantly reduced their local emissions. However, when the emissions associated with their consumption of goods and services are included, these cities' emissions have grown substantially and are among the highest in the world on a per person basis, the report says. Meanwhile, "producer" cities in India, Pakistan, or Bangladesh generate lots of industrial pollution and carbon emissions in the manufacture of products that will be sold and consumed in Europe and North America.

The report, Consumption-based GHG emissions of C40 cities, examined the greenhouse gas emissions associated with goods and services consumed by residents of 79 cites in the C40 network, including food, clothing, electronic equipment, air travel, delivery trucks, and construction industries.

"We're still going in the wrong direction on climate change," said Mark Watts, executive director of C40 Cities. Global carbon emissions have increased 60 percent since the international 1997 Kyoto agreement to reduce emissions. "Using more renewable energy and mass transit won't be enough to reverse this," said Watts. "We have to reduce our consumption."

"This new research will help city policy makers to better understand the true impact of their city on global climate change, and so play an ever bigger leadership role in delivering climate action," he added. ( Read: Has the U.S. really reached an energy tipping point?)

Outsourcing Pollution?

"What we buy must be part of our efforts to reduce our emissions. We can't just outsource them to other regions," said Don Iveson, the mayor of Edmonton. Iveson said consumption-based accounting is key to knowing what a city's true carbon footprint is. "Smarter purchasing, buying local, and reducing waste are part of what can be done to reduce consumption emissions."

Matt Gray, the chief of sustainability at the city of Cleveland, Ohio, says he welcomes this new approach. By the old method of accounting, manufacturing cities like Cleveland often rank poorly in current measures of sustainability, he notes. Yet cities with service-based economies that consume the things Cleveland makes rank better. Resource consumption was not a factor in last year's U.S. Cities Sustainable Development Goals Index, which put Cleveland at the bottom. Yet the fact that Cleveland is widely considered a national leader in local food production wasn't a factor in the index, Gray said.

In working on this new accounting of consumption emissions, the city of Paris is targeting its tourist promotions to countries where travelers can visit by train, in an effort to reduce emissions from air travel. It's also encouraging residents to change their diets from carbon-emission-heavy meats to vegetarian fare. Stockholm has asked all of its developers to estimate their embodied emissions in construction materials. Simply looking at the data has already led to decisions to use materials with lower emissions, said Doust. And it is helped in city decisions about retrofitting old buildings or building new ones.

What this report shows is cities have an even bigger opportunity to reduce global emissions if they address consumption, he said.

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Cities Emit 60% More Carbon Than Thought

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The carbon footprint of some of the world's biggest cities is 60 percent larger than previously estimated when all the products and services a city consumes are included, according to a new analysis.

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https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2016/09/07/introducing-green-✓

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ADELAIDE FRINGE PERFORMANCE - HAPPY INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY!

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ADELAIDE FRINGE PERFORMANCE - HAPPY INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY!

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Hi everyone, I am Joshua. Happy International Women's Day! Please send your blessings to every women in your life. Your mum, your girlfriend, your friends, etc.

Tonight, there will be two shows, 'The Balchae', showing at Franklin Road tonight (6:30 p.m. and 9:00 p.m.). It is a theatre performance about how men should see women in the way like they are. I am a cast in this Adelaide Fringe Show. If anyone wants to buy a ticket for tonight, please let me know :)

Have an absolutely stunning International Women's Day!

Best wishes,
Joshua Rediala

8th March 2018

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Finding the Balance: Population and Water Scarcity in the Middle East and North Africa(Population Reference Bureau)

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Finding the Balance: Population and Water Scarcity in the Middle East and North Africa(Population Reference Bureau)

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Nearly 60 percent of the Middle East and North Africa(MENA)'s population lives in urban areas. Cities are growing faster than the countries as a whole, as population growth in rural areas feeds a pool of potential rural-to-urban migrants. In nine MENA countries, more than three-quarters of the population lives in cities. Rapid urbanization can hinder the development of adequate infrastructure, such as effective distribution methods, sewage systems, and regulatory mechanisms. MENA countries have increasingly been adopting new strategies for balancing their scarce water resources and growing demand for fresh water, although their options may be dictated by a number of different factors.  In the long term, slowing population growth in the region and creating effective policies and programs for improved water management are key to the region's sustainable development. Most governments have traditionally focused on increasing access to fresh water by locating, developing, and managing new sources, despite the high costs often involved. As new natural sources of water become scarcer and more expensive, however, MENA countries are turning to other options, such as desalination and treatment and reuse of wastewater, while continuing to use older methods.
(written by Farzaneh Roudi-Fahimi, Liz Creel, and Roger-Mark De Souza)
http://www.prb.org/Publications/Reports/2002/FindingtheBalancePopulationandWaterScarcityintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica.aspx

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I hope you have been able to find some interesting articles on sustainability.

Please share them with others and win! :)

Larysa

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Welcome to EAP. Wishing you a successful year.

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Welcome to EAP. Wishing you a successful year.

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that is the sustainable article,i think it can help you

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Executive Summary

While many organizations talk the talk of sustainability - doing things like integrating environmental and societal concerns into their business models - very few walk the walk. Unsurprisingly, carbon emissions by the world's largest companies are increasing, and only one-third of the 600 largest companies in the U.S. have any systematic sustainability oversight at the board level. Based on interviews with CEOs and other executives, companies that are winning the sustainability battle have created the conditions for their stakeholders to own sustainability. In these companies, sustainability is not someone else's problem. A three-phase model of incubation, launching, and entrenching can help companies move beyond rhetoric and take ownership of sustainability.

TOSHINORI TARUI/Getty Images

Do you believe that sustainability is important for your company, but that it's "someone else's problem"? You aren't alone: While most organizations talk the talk of sustainability - doing things such as integrating environmental and societal concerns into their business models - very few walk the walk. Unsurprisingly, carbon emissions by the world's largest companies are increasing, and only one-third of the 600 largest companies in the U.S. have any systematic sustainability oversight at the board level.

I have interviewed over 100 CEOs, C-suite executives, middle managers, and shop floor workers in more than 25 companies to understand why most companies fail to embed sustainability in their business models and what drives success among the handful that do. I've found that the answer is ownership: Companies that are winning the sustainability battle have created the conditions for their stakeholders to own sustainability. In these companies, sustainability is not someone else's problem. Based on this research, I have developed a three-phase model that shows how companies can move beyond rhetoric and take ownership of sustainability.

Psychological ownership refers to feelings of possessiveness and connection that we develop toward an appealing object such as a person, company, or even an idea. And research has shown that feelings of organizational ownership lead to greater job satisfaction, engagement, productivity, and profits. This makes ownership a powerful concept for those seeking to galvanize a company around sustainability. Confronted daily with evidence of climate change and other issues that harm our well-being, most of us yearn to do something but don't know what or how. Companies can fill this need and gain competitive advantage by transforming their stakeholders from bystanders into owners and making sustainability, including as it pertains to social good, part of their purpose.

My framework for creating such sustainability ownership has three phases: incubate, launch, and entrench.

Incubation is the process of, first, defining the contours of your sustainability domain by reflecting on the purpose of your business and its specific role in the world. The second step involves concretizing your goals by generating a research-based list of material issues across your entire value chain. Such a list identifies areas of overlap in companies' and stakeholders' sustainability priorities. For example, at financial services company ING, an issue deemed material to its view of sustainability related to financing a variety of "sustainable transitions" in industries such as clean technology and real estate. This served as a basis for conceiving a new goal of sustainable transitions worth €35 billion; by 2016 the company had already hit €34.3 billion, prompting it to revisit the goal.

Many companies make significant progress like this in the incubation phase, demonstrating their willingness to take ownership of sustainability and even identifying opportunities to take action. However, very few have the ability to fully drive sustainability throughout their business with this step alone.

Launching your sustainability plan entails enthusiastically introducing it to stakeholders and setting the idea of ownership in motion. To entice employees and relevant stakeholders to own sustainability, sell it as an opportunity to contribute to the future well-being of both the company and society. Sometimes you have to appeal to the head (monetary incentives, cost savings, career advancement), other times to the heart (look at the difference we make), and very often, both.

For example, the sustainability chief at the financial services company Old Mutual organized a workshop for 40+ future leaders and showed them that, through their loans and other services, they were having a real impact on their customers. By the end, one of the managers told her, "We're actually having the conversation. We're seeing how, through what we do in our day jobs, we can change lives." This insight led that team to feel they came into work to do more than crunch numbers. It was an effective way to make them realize their business was about something bigger than making money, which is the type of insight that allows companies to begin the conversation around ownership of sustainability.

While appeals to the heart convince some people to take ownership of sustainability, economic reasoning may work better on board members and hard-nosed line managers. IBM makes the business case for sustainability by walking its line managers through step-by-step calculations of return on investment. For example, sustainability experts at the company convinced line managers to transition from older, low-utilization servers to modern, intelligent servers by showcasing the savings in energy costs and reduced greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the ability to use freed-up space and cooling capacity to support new business.

Having the proper training and systems in place is also critical to enabling everyone to make sustainability part of their job. As Keith Weed, CMO at Unilever, told me, "Don't create a little department in the corner. Mainstream into all countries, all brands, all divisions. The sooner you have an exception, everyone thinks they're the exception. " At Unilever the R&D and marketing departments work in tandem to create and promote products that serve both business and society. Unilever's waterless soap saves lives by preventing the transmission of dangerous bacteria and saves water, a vital and limited resource in emerging markets. When all employees and stakeholders use the sustainability lens to make decisions, a new business model takes root.

Entrenching these feelings of ownership makes sustainability routine - something people just do. Having measurements of success and providing ongoing feedback on sustainability targets will demystify stakeholders' contributions and gradually move them to own sustainability as indivisible from their jobs. Managers can use sustainability goals to evaluate their direct reports and compare employees, departments, divisions, and business units. I have visited factories that have large scorecards displaying their progress on greenhouse gases, water, and waste relative to other factories, which leads to conversations and becomes the basis of motivation, pride, and a stronger sense of sustainability ownership.

BASF uses a homegrown system called Sustainable Solution Steering to evaluate its products vis-à-vis sustainability needs and trends and to devise action plans for marketing or product changes through R&D. Using this system, BASF realized that polyfluorinated substances presented a challenge to the environment and developed recyclable and biodegradable paper-coating substances instead.

You can also consider the indirect effects of sustainability - using indicators like employee retention and customer loyalty rates - to make a continued business case for sustainability. Using statistical analyses such as regression, I've found that, all else equal, company sustainability initiatives positively influence customers' buying behavior, employee retention, and even investor reactions.

There are many ways to enliven a sustainability ownership experience. For example, Marks & Spencer's company-wide "Make Your Mark" initiative pairs employees with jobless young people whom they help develop skills and confidence. Initially a small initiative, it has grown into an integral part of Marks & Spencer's culture, with a long list of employees waiting to become "buddies" to young people. The company also empowers local stores to come up with campaigns tied to their communities' needs so that shop floor employees take ownership of sustainability.

Companies are also wise to expand the ownership experience by participating in industry-wide or multisector efforts to drive systemic change. As one executive told me, "Unless you shift the whole industry, you're only going to solve pockets of the problem."

Several industries have launched partnerships between fierce commercial rivals. In 2009 executives from over 400 companies, including Nestlé, Coca-Cola, and Pepsi, came together to form the Consumer Goods Forum. Among other agreements, these companies pledged to work together to achieve zero deforestation by 2020 through the responsible sourcing of key commodities like soy, palm oil, beef, and paper and pulp.

Most of us work to preserve the value of things we own. Establishing ownership of sustainability issues prevents the feeling that it's "someone else's problem" to manage. Small actions on everybody's part will lead to big differences: a future-proof company with engaged, productive employees, and a healthier planet.

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How to Make Sustainability Every Employee's Responsibility

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Executive Summary While many organizations talk the talk of sustainability - doing things like integrating environmental and societal concerns into their business models - very few walk the walk. Unsurprisingly, carbon emissions by the world's largest companies are increasing, and only one-third of the 600 largest companies in the U.S.