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1. The four types of cell communication are, direct, synaptic, paracrine and endocrine.

2. Each method of communication has it's transmission system. In direct the transmission is through gap junctions allowing ions and electrical signs to flow between them. In synaptic, endocrine and paracrine is a long distant transmission that realeses chemical messengers throughout the body.

3. A chemical messenger is a hormone that is realesed so they can transmit a message to the receptor cells.

4. The target cells function is to receive the message with it's receptors and to react to this message.

5. Endocrine hormones produce their effects by traveling through the bloodstream, then leaving the capillaries and difussing through the interstitial fluid and then it affects the cell that has receptors to which the hormone can bear. The endocrine hormone can not bind with cells that don't have the receptor for these hormones.

6. Steroid hormones stimulate target cells by binding to intercellular receptors, unlike peptide hormones that bind to receptors with plasma membrane. Also steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol and peptide hormones are chains of amino acids.

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1 synaptic, direct, endocrine, paracrine.
2

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1. direct, synaptic, endocrine, paracrine.

2. Direct: Lons, small molecules. Direct movement through gap junctions linking the cytoplasm of adjacent cells.
Synaptic: Neurotransmitters. Diffusion from a neuron across a narrow space (synaptic cleft) to an adjacent cell.
Paracrine: Local hormones. Diffusion through the interstitial fluid to nearby cells.
Endocrine: Endrocrine hormones. Carried in the bloodstream to nearby or distant cells.

3. A chemical messenger  is any compound that serves to transmit a message.

4. Target cells are cells that link to the chemical messengers and answer them. Cells without the apropiate receptors are not target cells.

5. Endocrine hormones produce their effects by either activating or inhibiting enzymes, or changing the amount of proteins that the cell synthesises.

6. Peptides: are water soluble, don’t dissolve in lipids and canta pasa into a cell.
Steroids: are lipid soluble so they are able to penetrate the membrane.

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1. The cells communication methods divide in four categories:  Direct, synaptic, paracrine and endocrine.
2.

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1. Direct, synaptic, paracrine, endocrine

2. It depends of the type of cell communication:
Direct: direct movement through gap junctions linking the cytoplasm of adjacent cells.
Synaptic: diffusion from a neuron across a narrow space (synaptic cleft) to an adjacent cell
Paracrine: diffusion through the interstitial fluid to nearby cells
Endocrine: carried in the bloodstream to nearby or distant cells

3. A chemical messenger is any compound that serves to transmit a message

4. Target cells are cells that link to the chemical messengers and answers them.

5. They produce their effects by enzymes and the change of the amount of proteins that a cell produces.

6. Peptide: a chain composed of two or more amino acids linked together by peptide bond.

Steroid: a lipid consisting of four fused carbon rings, with various functional groups attached.

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1)The methods of cell communication fall into four categories:direct, synaptic, paracrine and endocrine.

2)each cell communication have its own mechanism of transmission in which are transmitted messages through the union of cells. And example of this in paracrine communication is the diffusion from a neuron across a narrow space to an adjacent cell.

3)chemical messengers are release by sending cells, which are specialized proteins and they move to receiving cells through the body, transporting messages.

4)target cells recepts a bind messanger and response to it.

5)endocrine hormones produce their effects by traveling in the bloodstream and may influence either close to the gland or in distant parts of the body.

6)peptide hormones are chains of amino acids, which are composed of steroid hormones, which are synthetizised from cholesterol.

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1. The methods of cells communication are divided into four categories: direct, synaptic, paracrine and endocrine.

2.  A methos of cell communication has its own type of mechanism of transmission. In direct communication, cells communicate by transfering small molecules through gap junctions linking the cytoplasm of a cell. In synaptic communication, it is the diffusion from a neutron across a narrow space to an adjacent cell ( the chemial messengers are neurotransmiters). In paracrine communication is the difussion through the interstetial fluid fluid to nearby cells (the chemical messengers are local hormones). And in the endocrine communication, it is carries in the bloodstream to nearby distant cells ( the chemical messengers are endocrine hormones

3.  Chemical messengers are compounds (such as hormones or neurotransmitters) that are released by a sending cell and travels through the body until binding to the receptors to deliver a message.

4.  Target cells are cells that link to the chemical messengers and answer them. Cells without the apropiate receptors are not target cells.

5.  Endocrine hormones produce their effects through the activation of enzymes or the change of amounts of proteins that the cell synthesizes.

6.  Peptide hormones usually bind to receptors on the surface of target cells because they can not diffuse, while the steroid hormones usually bind intracellular receptors and because it can diffuse, the diffusion begins through the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm of the cell.

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1. The four types of cell communication are: direct, synaptic, paracrine and endocrine.

2. The mechanism of transmission is different in each type of cell communication. In direct communication, it is the direct movement through gap junctions linking the cytoplasm of a cell. In synaptic communication, it is the diffusion from a neutron across a narrow space to an adjacent cell. In endocrine communication, it is carried in the bloodstream to nearby distant cells. Finally, in paracrine communication it is the diffusion through the interstitial fluid to nearby cells.

3. A chemical messenger is any fusion or union that serves to transmit a message. Hormones and neurotransmitters are examples of these. The messengers are released by sending cells and bind to receptors. When they bind to receptors, the receiving cell responds in a way determined by the messenger.

4. Target cells are cells with receptors that bind a messenger and respond to it. If they don't have the correct receptor, they are not target cells and cannot respond.

5. Endocrine hormones produce their effects by either activating or inhibiting enzymes, or changing the amount of proteins that the cell synthesises.

6. A major difference between peptide hormones and steroid hormones is that peptides bind to receptors on the cells they are affecting because they cannot diffuse, on the other hand, steroid will travel to the nucleus and have major effects, such as binding to receptors inside target cells, then a diffusion begins through the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm of the cell. Peptide hormones are chains of amino-acids and steroid hormones are synthesised from cholesterol.

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4) Specific cells that have appropriate receptors needed to bind and read hormonal message when it arrives. Each individual cell can respond to only a few of the hormones present.

1) direct, synaptic, endocrine, paracrine

3) A Chemical Messenger is any compound that serves to transmit a message
2) the mechanism of transmision is different in each type of cell, in direct communication is the direct movement through GAp junctions space to an adejacebt cell. Synaptic is the diffusion from a neuron across a narrow space ta an adjacent cell. In paracrine is the diffusion through interstitial fluid to nearby cells. In endocrine is carried in the bloodstream to nearby or distant cells.

5) enndocrine hormones produce their effect by stimulating changes in the metabolism of the cell usually by activating or inhibiting enzymes or affecting gene transcription, thereby changing the amounts or types of proteins that the cel synthesizes.

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1.The cell communication types are direct, synaptic, paracrine and endocrine.

2.The mechanism of transmission in direct communication is the direct movement through gap junctions linking the cytoplasm of a cell. In synaptic communication is the diffusion from a neuron across a narrow space to an adjacent cell. In paracrine communication is the diffusion through the interstitial fluid to nearby cells. And in endocrine communication, it is carried in the bloodstream to nearby distant cells.

3.A chemical messenger  is any compound that serves to transmit a message.

4.Target cells are cells with receptors. Its function is to bind a messenger and respond to it.

5. Endocrine hormones produce their effects by activating enzymes or by changing the amounts of proteins that the cells synthesizes.

6. The difference between peptide hormones and steroid hormones is the following. Most of the peptide hormones are soluble in water but not in lipids. This does not allows them to diffuse through the plasma membrane. While the steroid hormones are lipid soluble and can diffuse through the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm of a cell.

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6) Peptides: are water soluble, don’t dissolve in lipids and canta pasa into a cell

Steroids: are lipid soluble so they are able to penetrate the membrane

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1. Write the name of the cells communication types

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1. Write the name of the cells communication types

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4. Explain the function of a target cell

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4. Explain the function of a target cell

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5. How do endocrine hormones produce their effects?

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5. How do endocrine hormones produce their effects?

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6. Stablish the diffrences between peptide hormones and steroid hormones

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6. Stablish the diffrences between peptide hormones and steroid hormones