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Peyton: Senator
Tommy: Journalist
Alex: Proponent testifier
Octavias: Chairman senator

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Tommy-Journalist
Octavias- opponent testifier
Alex- Proponent testifier
Payton- senator

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Payton-Senator
Octavias-Testifier-Proponent
Alex-Testifier-Opponent
Tommy-Journalist/Media

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Jacob- Proponent
Nyapak- Opponent
Tony- Senator
Nick- Journalist/Media

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Jordin:  Testifier
Lydia: Journalist
Fawoz: Testifier
Evony: Journalist

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Sydney- oppponent testifier
Yesh- opponent testifier
Justin- proponent testifier
Daniel- journalist

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Nancy: Senator
Jaslynn: Testififer-Oppose
Michael: Journalist/Media
Gatdet: Testifier-Oppose

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With both public policy and rhetoric you're voicing your opinion. Public policy is open to the public. Without rhetoric decisions would be based on one person or group of people.

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rhetoric is needed to deal with social laws, to persuade, and finding possible solutions in a civil way.

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Without rhetoric, public policy would become individual policy that the public would be forced to obey without weighing in on their opinions.

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http://journalstar.com/legislature/bill-that-would-let-teachers-use-force-to-control-violent/article_7644fdc7-aad3-52a5-ba2b-df7d51e8e102.html

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Nick- Supports bill, thinks physical force would resolve problems easier and quicker
Jacob- Supports bill, thinks it should be necessary. Certain situations
Tony- Supports bill, thinks student safety is more important, teachers shouldn't be bystanders
Nyapak- Supports bill, but only to a certain extent. Rules and regulations should be set along with this bill.

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Michael- Oppose, i don't think it is right for teachers to touch students
Gatdet-Oppose, i don't think its justifiable that teachers hit students
Nancy-Support, if the student is to out of hand and they cant control them it shouldn't be wrong
Jaslynn-Oppose, i believe you shouldn't have to hit a child for them to listen.

In order to have a good statement you need to use good rhetoric to back your stuff, it also needs to appeal to the poeple and seem understandable.

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Evony: if they have a good/valid reason to.
Lydia: Depends on the situation like if it would endanger other students
Jordin: Teachers may abuse that right
Fawoz: should be able to, to stop the harm of other students

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Payton- Supports the bill as long as there are regulations.
Alex- Supports the bill. It should only be used, however, in self defense and/or defense of others.
Tommy- Supports the bill. Makes no sense to have to wait for administration or officer hill.
Octavias- I support the bill. A teacher shouldn't have to wit for someone else to protect themselves or others.

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Sydney~ supports bill as long as it is not extreme force (pulling them away is okay, tackling kids is not)
Yesh~ only supports bill in cases  with weapons (not fights), just let security deal with it
Daniel~ thinks the bill should only be used in extreme cases (violence), only partially agree
Justin~ supports the bill in cases where there are more than just 2 people in a fight

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http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/19/health/child-gun-violence-study/index.html

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http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/19/health/child-gun-violence-study/index.html

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https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/08/25/video-shows-high-school-student-brutally-attack-milwaukee-teacher/596567001/

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https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/07/detroit-teacher-broom-fight_n_5283324.html

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https://harvardlawreview.org/2015/04/policing-students/

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Police say an elementary school teacher was hit in the face with a brick and dragged from her car in Pittsburgh after a dispute with the parents of one of her students.

A woman who claims a public school teacher choked her daughter while disciplining her has been charged with following the teacher after school, hitting her with a brick and then pulling her from her car and beating her.

Daishonta Williams and her boyfriend followed Janice Watkins' car as she left the Pittsburgh King PreK-8 school on Wednesday afternoon, police said. Earlier in the day, the teacher had called Williams to the school for a conference, claiming Williams' 10-year-old daughter bit the teacher when she removed a cellphone from her. The district has a no-phone policy for students.

Watkins told police she was stopped at an intersection when Williams got out of another vehicle and threw a brick, striking Watkins in the face, before beating her. The teacher was treated for facial injuries and lost a tooth.

District spokeswoman Ebony Pugh said violence against a Pittsburgh Public Schools staff member is unacceptable and anyone responsible "must be held accountable for such horrifying behavior."

"We are deeply troubled by the violent act against a teacher of the Pittsburgh Public Schools that occurred on the West End Bridge yesterday afternoon, and we are currently cooperating with the City of Pittsburgh Police Department's investigation," she said in a statement.

Pugh said she could not comment on the particulars of the case, including Williams' claim her daughter was mistreated, because the case remains the subject of a police investigation.

Williams was charged with stalking, reckless endangerment, making terroristic threats and aggravated assault. Her boyfriend wasn't charged.

Online court records don't list an attorney for Williams, but police said in their criminal complaint she acknowledged attacking the teacher.

"I ain't going to lie, I did it," Williams said, according to police, though investigators say she denied using a brick and claimed to have only punched the teacher.

The teacher couldn't be reached for comment because no telephone number for her could be found. But the president of her union said words aren't enough to express her "horror" regarding the "brutal attack" she suffered.

"This horrific attack is the most appalling act that I have had to address in my six years as your president," Pittsburgh Federation of Teachers president Nina Esposito-Visgitis said in an emailed statement. "I know acts of violence like this do not represent our kids or our parents, but it is beyond unacceptable."

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Teacher hit in the face with brick after dispute, police say

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Police say an elementary school teacher was hit in the face with a brick and dragged from her car in Pittsburgh after a dispute with the parents of one of her students.

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https://www.the74million.org/article/as-pa-teens-protest-cops-use-of-force-a-reminder-theres-no-federal-law-for-training-school-officers/

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http://www.knopnews2.com/content/news/Bill-would-allow-teachers-to-use-physical-force-on-students-413100573.html

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http://rightresponse.org/risk-management/use-of-force

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https://www.theexpertinstitute.com/case-studies/teacher-uses-excessive-force-and-chokes-student/

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http://www.omaha.com/news/education/support-lacking-for-plan-to-let-teachers-use-force-to/article_4e4f9384-a9bc-5c9c-900b-cca1edbc6b67.html

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Teacher loses Job over breaking up a fight

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Teacher loses Job over breaking up a fight

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http://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/news/breaking/atlantic-city-teacher-loses-job-after-breaking-up-fight/article_6df0f6f0-f2d0-11e5-893b-c35d7db43d41.html

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https://www.theexpertinstitute.com/case-studies/teacher-uses-excessive-force-and-chokes-student/

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Opinions from students and staff at North Platte High School

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Opinions from students and staff at North Platte High School

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What North Platte thinks about Legislative Bill 595

How would you feel coming to school each day knowing teachers had the power to physically restrain students if they believed it was necessary? Would you feel safer, or more threatened? North Platte's State Senator Mike Groene introduced his legislative bill 595 on Jan. 18 regarding physical restraint in public schools. If approved, it would allow teachers to physically restrain and remove students from their classroom. According to the bill, his proposal would "provide for the use of physical force or physical restraint or removal from a class in response to student behavior." It would also prevent unruly students from returning to the classroom without the teacher's consent and blocks teachers from legal or disciplinary action.

"It's not corporal punishment," Groene said. He thinks any situation where a student harms themselves, others, or school property a teacher should be able to restrain him or her without losing their job or suffering legal repercussions. Afterwards, a meeting should be held with the student's parents and principal, discussing certain guidelines to create a positive environment and behavior plan.

Jessica Hughes, parent of several students in the North Platte Public School District, says her biggest issue is with the language of the bill. "If you actually read it and the language it uses, it's just too broad. It's giving teachers a blanket immunity, to, in a sense, manhandle kids." Hughes believes a more practical way to ensure safety in the classroom is to invest in more specific resources for teachers. "I don't think there is [a lot of evidence] that [this bill] would work. When you go to school and someone acts out violently and then you try to overcome it with other kinds of violence, I don't really see how that's effective, and it's not where I want my kids to go to school," she said.

North Platte High students have mixed emotions about LB595. Junior Austin Geiger thinks that the bill is a good idea. "If [students] are really causing that big of a deal, then it's smart to be able to take them out by forcefully doing it," Geiger said. Other students believe there are only certain situations where restraint should be used. "I would say if a kid is being violent or threatening violence," said junior Cade Rasmussen. "If the kid's not doing any physical damage," junior Phebe Pavelka said, "a teacher shouldn't be able to physically remove them."

Several North Platte community members believe more clarification is necessary before the bill should be passed. "I think it's good, but I think there needs to be strict rules on when it's appropriate." said sophomore Jaylee Shaner. Math teacher Sasha Welch believes that there should be more explanation about what a disorderly student may look like. "Maybe I get annoyed when a kid is tapping his pencil. Should I be able to physically remove him from my classroom because I think he's being unruly?" Welch said. "That's part of the law by the way I read it."

The North Platte teachers union wants the bill to be amended from its current state. North Platte Education Association President Christie Copper said, "There's parts of the bill that are good, and parts of the bill I question." Copper isn't in favor of the portion that would allow teachers to keep students out of the classroom. "We are a public school, and children do have a right to free education," Copper said. "That's where I would question that part of the bill." Copper said on behalf of the NPEA that they support sections of the bill, but have questions also. "We are all pretty much in support, but we want some of that clarification to make sure that the students are protected, as well as, teachers," Copper said.

Many North Platte school principals feel that the minuscule amount of students who have problems, do not amount to the severe nature of the bill. According to principal James Ayres, 95 percent of North Platte High School students have one or less referrals. He said it is very rare to have to restrain a student. "If there is an unruly kid, then they should let the administration take care of it," Ayres said. Assistant principal Scott Siegel thinks most issues in school can be resolved with words. Principal of Madison Middle School, Danny McMurtry believes that it is important to deal with bad behavior despite how unfortunate it is. "I think what's good [about this bill] is that there is acknowledgment of behavior in the classroom. It is a major issue that we deal with, and it's good to see that there is a focus on that," said McMurtry. "With that said, we are talking about a small minority of students that this applies to."

Some NPHS teachers do not feel confident that they are strong enough to protect themselves against some students. Because of this uncertainty, choir teacher Leah Purdy typically lets the administration take care of the physical restraint. This year, Purdy has came close to having to intervene."I didn't know someone was coming at me," she said. "Had I been facing the other way, had [School Resource] Officer [Jay] Johnson not been there, I may not have felt as though I had another choice [besides physical restraint]." Purdy sa id she's thankful she didn't have to make that choice.

Welch believes that uncontrollable situations typically escalate. "To me, it is unimaginable that I would ever need to use physical force in my classroom," Welch said. "If I were, hopefully at that point, I would have an army of administration and school resources officers and people in the room that could handle it, so that I wouldn't have to." Johnson works throughout the entire North Platte school district and he doesn't think that the bill is necessary. "We already have policies, procedures and guidelines that concern [Groene's] intentions," Johnson said.

Legislative bill 595 is currently in committee. If it advances to the floor, it would still need to be voted on by the entire legislature before becoming a Nebraska law. Regardless of the bill, North Platte Public Schools staff members will receive additional behavior training in Positive Behavior Intervention Systems (PBIS) next year. PBIS is a set of basic discipline guidelines using positive reinforcement for a uniform system of discipline.

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How would you feel coming to school each day knowing teachers had the power to physically restrain students if they believed it was necessary? Would you feel safer, or more threatened? North Platte's State Senator Mike Groene introduced his legislative bill 595 on Jan. 18 regarding physical restraint in public schools.

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By Patrick J. Solar, Ph.D., PoliceOne Special Contributor

On the morning of October 26th, I saw the news footage of Deputy Ben Fields at Spring Valley High School in South Carolina extracting a student from a her classroom. As a veteran police officer and chief, my thought was: "Here we go again."

Law enforcement can be a violent endeavor. Yet when we see it portrayed on television, we can easily take exception to the behavior of our officers. That behavior can leave people in shock. With that in mind, my first question was: "Why are we calling a police officer in to take a cell phone away from a 16-year-old girl? Is this beyond the capabilities of teachers and school administrators?"

Experienced teachers should know how to effectively deal with a disruptive student without calling the police. Why is it now the job of the police? Traditional cops are warriors. Do we really need to go to war when dealing with 16-year old girls who refuse to give up their phones?

Perhaps it's time for police chiefs to say no to calls like this, at least until their personnel are better-equipped to deal with them. The increasing ambiguity of the job is causing enormous stress for our police officers, who are already overworked and under scrutiny. How can officers be better equipped to respond to these types of calls? They must understand when to use the warrior and guardian mindsets.

When to Think Like a Warrior
Rule number one for the warrior: Physical force can only be used when there is a reasonable belief that a criminal offense has occurred or is about to occur. If there is no criminal offense suspected, physical force, no matter how reasonable, is unlawful. In short, if a stop or an arrest cannot be justified, no force can be used.

As I reflect on the many times I employed force (violence) in my law enforcement officer role, I am grateful that the video camera was not yet commonplace. Law officers only became aware that their actions could be publicly criticized after the Rodney King case in the 1990s. Post-King, I instructed my recruit officers to assume that everything they did was being recorded. This should be common advice today. Widespread criticism of the police has all but eliminated pro-active law enforcement, and the result is having profound consequences in our urban centers, injuring the most vulnerable among us, people who need aggressive law enforcement the most.

The warrior mentality is evident in this video; it has dominated law enforcement training programs. Warriors apprehend criminal perpetrators just like the hunter seeks out his or her prey. If the suspect resists, our use of reasonable force is legally justified, and if they get injured as a result, it's their fault. After all, these people are violating society's rules, and their behavior needs to be corrected.

Law enforcement officers are trained in how to use force, when to escalate it, and in the requirement to de-escalate it once resistance stops. But even when the use of force is legally justified, is it wise?

When to Think Like a Guardian
I draw a distinction between law enforcement, which is based on the warrior mentality, and policing, which is steeped in the service model, or "guardian" model as it's now commonly called. Here is how this distinction manifests itself in this recent situation.

After being told to put away her cell phone, the student rebelled, violating the reasonable rules established in the learning environment. The teacher asked her to surrender her phone, and then to leave after she refused to do so. An administrator was called because the student refused to do what she was told. The administrator tried the same tactic and then decided to call in the school resource officer. One might ask a question at this point: "What was expected of this officer?"

The answer: removal of the disruptive student, presumably by force. And that is exactly what the officer did.

When the student refused to comply, the officer escalated the use of force (perhaps without lawful authority), subdued the student, and then de-escalated force, just like he was trained. But the outcome here was terrible.

In such a situation, police officers should ask: "What am I here to accomplish?" The answer is the same: removal of a disruptive student. But the guardian officer begins with the end in mind ¹ and then considers the least-aggressive strategy.

Step 1: Consider what is motivating the student.
This student is likely being motivated by the attention she is receiving as the result of her bad behavior.

Step 2: How can I remove the incentive for bad behavior?
Clear the room.² If there is no audience, there is no motivation to perform.

Step 3: How can I create an incentive to help this student do the right thing? Or how can I make it difficult for this student to continue doing the wrong thing?
Surround her with towering adults. We make her uncomfortable by proximity, not force. Then we use reason and persuasion to gain her voluntary compliance. "I can see that you are having a bad day. Would you like to talk about it in my office?"

Believe me, only a rare teen is going to sit there and be defiant with an authoritative figure just inches from their face, bad breath and all. We just need make sure to leave him or her a path of exit so that he or she can extricate themselves from the situation.

Wise policing requires thinking about the desired outcome, not merely following correct procedure. Focusing on the end goal provides strategic advantages over those who are not thinking critically.

The guardian mindset is a hallmark of wise policing, the kind that will restore public trust. The warrior is still necessary, but the wise officer keeps the warrior on a tight leash, only letting it come out when justified. This is a tall order for today's police officers, and no amount of training can make it a reality. Wisdom requires a high level of emotional intelligence and the equivalent of a liberal arts college degree. This is not to say that someone without a bachelor's degree is incapable of being a great police officer, but I will rest my argument on the following quote from the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice (1967):

"It is nonsense to state or assume that the enforcement of the law is so simple that it can be done best by those unencumbered by the study of liberal arts. Police agencies need personnel in their ranks who have the characteristics which a college education seeks to foster; a capacity to relate the events of the day to the social, political, and historical context in which they occur."

About the Author
Dr. Patrick J. Solar has been a police officer for nearly 30 years serving as a street officer, Detective, Sergeant, Lieutenant, and Chief of Police. He is currently an Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice at the University of Wisconsin-Platteville and teaches in the Master of Science in Criminal Justice program offered online.

¹A famous quote from Steven Covey. ​
² This comes from my wife "Sam" who was trained in this as part of her education as a special education teacher years ago. ​

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What a use of force incident in a classroom can teach cops about 'warrior' vs. 'guardian' mindset

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By Patrick J. Solar, Ph.D., PoliceOne Special Contributor On the morning of October 26th, I saw the news footage of Deputy Ben Fields at Spring Valley High School in South Carolina extracting a student from a her classroom. As a veteran police officer and chief, my thought was: "Here we go again."

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Bill would let Nebraska teachers use force to deal with violent, unruly students

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Bill would let Nebraska teachers use force to deal with violent, unruly students

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http://www.omaha.com/news/legislature/bill-would-let-nebraska-teachers-use-force-to-deal-with/article_7ed41268-ddf8-11e6-ad26-db051aec2c4a.html

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https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/08/25/video-shows-high-school-student-brutally-attack-milwaukee-teacher/596567001/