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What is the main argument the author is trying to prove?

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What is the main argument the author is trying to prove?

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The main argument Jeff Goodell is trying to prove in 'The Water Will Come' is if we do not change our ways, Global Warming will melt ice in Greenland and Antarctica until sea levels rise a significant amount until the point when coastal towns such as Miami and New York City will be under some depth of water.

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How does your author build an argument throughout the book? - Prologue

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How does your author build an argument throughout the book? - Prologue

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In the beginning of the book, Goodell tells a story which seems like fiction at first. It is the story of Atlantis, the city lost to the sea. However, the city is actually Miami and instead of being fiction, the story is a look into the future and at the consequences of Global Warming. "Still, the waters kept rising. By the end of the twenty-first century, Miami became something else entirely: a popular diving spot where people could swim among sharks and barnacled SUVs and explore the wreckage of a great American city"(Goodell 8).

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How does your author build an argument throughout the book? - Chapter 3

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How does your author build an argument throughout the book? - Chapter 3

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"In the past twenty years, the Arctic has warmed by more than three degrees Fahrenheit, roughly twice as fast as the global average"(Goodell 56). In Greenland ice, dark-colored algae and bacteria grow on the surface of the ice making it darker, which then absorbs much more sunlight instead of a white, icy surface which reflects the sunlight. Absorbing more sunlight heats up the ice causing it to melt which then yields a darker surface which absorbs more sunlight. It's a vicious cycle which is detrimental to the ice. The melting ice in turn dumps out water raising the level of the oceans.

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How does your author build an argument throughout the book? - Chapter 7

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How does your author build an argument throughout the book? - Chapter 7

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Miami is not the only city dealing with the problem of rising sea levels. Goodell focuses on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, which had been hit by Hurricane Sandy in 2012. "As Zarrilli knows better than anyone, Hurricane Sandy, which hit New York City in October 2012, flooding more than 88,000 buildings in the city, killing 44 people, and causing over $19 billion in damages and lost economic activity, was a transformative event"(Goodell 146). Manhattan isn't prepared for another storm, even if they were, the question remains, will humans do something about the storms or will they just continue to burn fossil fuels, pollute the air and water, and have no regard for the future of the world or even their own lives?

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How does your author build an argument throughout the book? - Epilogue

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How does your author build an argument throughout the book? - Epilogue

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"Perhaps the best we can hope for if that living in a world of quickly rising seas will turn out ot be a a planetary-scale experiment in creative destruction, one that forces us to abandon a lot of stupid infrastructure and stupid ideas about how we live with water---and how to live with each other---and replace them with something smarter, more durable, more flexible"(Goodell 295). Goodell talks about the effects of the rising sea levels and what is destined to happen because it is unlikely humans will stop destroying the earth. He reminds the reader, no matter what mother nature always wins, always. Afterall, we are living here and it's not like we can all just get up and leave the planet.

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What types of appeals are used?  How do they help enhance the argument?

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What types of appeals are used?  How do they help enhance the argument?

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Goodell relies heavily on appealing with authority. He uses quotes and ideas from many different people, all experts in their field and highly regarded by their field. Quite a few different people from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association(NOAA), he uses pictures from NASA, he talks with lead engineers or scientists who have made outstanding discoveries. He also includes many stories of events caused by hurricanes or floods, he includes conversations with people of the affected areas to give the reader a feel of what is really going on.He does this because there are many people who don't believe Climate Change is real, including Donald Trump. To refute the naysayers, Goodell includes pure facts, unarguable statistics and real life events. He forms an argument which can only be refused if the person refusing is only doing so because they are a bickering little child who refuses to be wrong no matter the landslide of evidence which clearly shows Climate Change is real. He wants people to understand the gravity of this drastic situation. Humans need to change, and it needs to happen now. No longer can we sit and twiddle our thumbs hoping it will be colder next year. No longer can we sit on a beach and watch as the water submerges us. Change needs to happen or we might as well start trying to grow gills.

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"Water will pool longer in streets and parking lots. Trees will turn brown and die as they suck up salt water. Then a storm will hit, and it will push an astonishing amount of water into the city. Some people will move to new, higher buildings. Others will simply move to higher ground. Roads will be raised. Solar panels will bloom on rooftops. Abandoned houses will linger like ghosts, filling with feral cats and other refugees looking for their own high ground. Water will continue to creep in. It will have a metallic sheen and will smell bad. Kids will get strange rashes and fevers. More people will leave. Seawalls will crumble. In a few decades, low-lying neighborhoods will be knee-deep. Wooden houses will collapse into a sea of soda bottles, laundry detergent jugs, and plastic toothbrushes. Human bones, floated out of caskets, will be a common sight. Treasure hunters will kayak in, using small robotic submersibles to search for coins and jewelry. Modern office buildings and condo towers will lean as the salt water corrodes the concrete foundations and eats at the structural beams. Fish will school in classrooms. Oysters will grow on submerged light poles. Religous leaders will blame sinners for the drowning of the city. Journalists will arrive on floatplanes and write about the return of nature.

But mostly the city will be forgotten, one of many places lost to the attacking scene"(Goodell 296).