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Cathedral in Italy made during the Renaissance

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Cathedral in Italy made during the Renaissance

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Church of the Gesu, 1584, Jesuit Mother House

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A wooden figure that accompanied Vasco da Gama on his voyage to India

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A wooden figure that accompanied Vasco da Gama on his voyage to India

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Rome itself became a center for artists and scholars. Because it had no major industries or trade, it relied on religious pilgrims and church business for its income. But Rome began to see a rebirth under Pope Nicholas V, who promoted learning and the arts as well as the influence of Greek and Roman culture. Nicholas supported the rediscovery of these ancient cultures through writings and art, and the repair of the crumbling relics of ancient Rome. Rome would be the artistic centerpiece of the city-states. Rome was a center for artistry, but it was also a center of religion, allowing there to be a great influence from the Catholic church, aiding in counter reformation.

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To the north of Rome was the city-state of Florence, which was known as a center of banking and of trade in woolen cloth. It had the strongest tradition of rule by a democracy. Its population was divided between the members of the guilds, which were organizations of businessmen and craftsmen. There were two types of guilds. One included the wealthiest and most powerful men, and a second type of guild was made up of the less-important businessmen and craftsmen. These factions struggled constantly to control the city’s government. The city was also ruled by a series of strong families, the most famous of which was the Medici family. They founded their own bank and were known for their wealth and power as well as their support of the arts. Since Italy was such a staple of creativity and art, it was able to assist the flourishing of the renaissance greatly.

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Some say Portuguese mariners discovered North America long before Christopher Columbus was even born. Advancements in nautical instruments helped to make distant journeys possible for the Portuguese. Boats, like the one shown in this picture, made European travel easier for the Portuguese, causing them to be great figureheads in European exploration.

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The quaint town stands as a critical milestone in the history of Christianity. Wittenberg was home to Martin Luther, the man responsible for starting the Protestant Reformation. In 1517, Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses to the massive doors of the Schlosskirche (the Castle Church). These theses included his arguments against the Catholic Church, which triggered the Protestant Reformation.