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LOCATED BELOW AND POSTERIOR TO STOMACH. It has endocrine and exocrine secretion. The islets of Langerhans are part of the endocrine portion. This part are formed by alpha type and beta type cells. alpha cells produce glucagon, while the beta cells produce insulin.

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The pituitary gland, also know as the hypophysis. The pituitary gland carry the hormones it releases throughout the body. Situated in a small depression in the sphenoid bone called the sella túrcica, the pituitary gland is actually made of 2 completely separete structures: the posterior and anterior pituitary glands.
1.Posterior Pituitary: The neurosecretory cells create 2 hormones in the hyothalamus that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary - ADH and Oxytocin
2.Anterior Pituitary: Produces 6 important hormones - TSH,ACTH, FSH, LH, HGH and Pro

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The hypothalamus is in the brain and has many functions in the nervous system as direct control of the endocrine system through the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus contains special cells called neurosecretory cells - neurons that secrete hormones: TRH, GHRH,GHIH,GnRH, CRH, Oxytocin and ADH

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The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shapped gland located at the base of the neck and wrapped around the lateral sides of the trachea. The thyroid 3 major hormones: Calcitonin, Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4).

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Endocrine System, Part 2 - Hormone Cascades: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #24

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Endocrine System, Part 1 - Glands & Hormones: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #23

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There are 2 categories: water-soluble hormones and lipid-soluble hormones. The water-soluble hormones are soluble in water, unable to pass through the phospholipid bilayer and they're dependent of receptor molecules on the surface of the cells. The lipid-soluble hormones are soluble in lipids, able to pass directly through the phospholipid bilayer and bind directly to receptors inside the cells.

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The levels of hormones in the body can be regulated by a lot of factors, like the nervous system controlling levels of hormone through the hypothalamus. The number of receptors present in cells can be varied by cells in response hormones.

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Hormones can only affect target cells that have the appropriate receptors, also knows as specificity. It explains how each hormone can have specific effects in widespread parts of the body.

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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM vs. NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION

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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM vs. NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION

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Both works together along the body to form the control systems of the body. The nervous system provides a fast and targeted to turn on or turn off glands or muscles of the body. The endocrine system is the opposite, provides a slow and not specific organ, so it's widespread.

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Every tissue of the body, except the blood tissue, produces prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The prostaglandins acts as the body's natural bandage to keep pathogens out, so it causes swelling, inflammation, increased local body temperature and increased pain sensitivity. The leukotrienes help aid the body after the prostaglandins taken effects.

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Produces leptin and low levels of estrogens. The leptin is responsible by the control of the appetite and management of the energy consumption by the body.

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Produces progesterone and HCG. The progesterone will relax the uterus, prevent expulsion of the fetus and protect the fetus from the immune system of the mother. The HCG will assiststhe progesterone by telling to the ovaries to keep producing estrogen and progesterone during the pregnancy.

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produce cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin, which regulate pancreatic, biliary secretion and the production of gastric acid.

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produce erythropoietin which causes an increase in the production of erythrocytes by stimulating the bone marrow

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produce ANP, in response to high levels of pressure in the atrium, causing increased excretion of salt and water.

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LOCATED IN THE THORACIC REGION, POSTERIOR TO THE ESTERNO. PRODUCES TYROSINE, WHICH PREPARES THE DEVELOPMENT OF T-CELLS.

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Are the ovaries and testicles. The testicles produce testosterone, responsible for the development of the sexual organs and those of the pubic region, while the ovaries produce progesterone (related to ovulation and pregnancy) and estrogen (responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics,  of the uterus, breast and pubic hair)

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Are glands above the kidneys. There are two layers - the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla produces hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine when stimulated by sympathetic SN, and Adrenal cortex produce 3 classes of hormones: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens.

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the parathyroid glands are small structures behind of the thyroid gland. Produce the  hormone PTH, which is involved in concentration of calcium in the blood. The PTH stimulates the osteoclasts to remove calcium from bone.

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The pineal gland is small mass  glandular  found Just posterior to the thalamus of the brain. The pineal gland produces the hormone melatonin that helps to regulate the human sleep-wake cycle known as the circadian rhythm.

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The Endocrine System includes all of the gland of the body and the hormones produced by glands are directly from the nervous system as well as by chemical receptors in the blood and hormones produced by other glands.