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They had to prepare all cloths, backgrounds and puppets face expressions. Creating all of those elements takes lots of time because they had to pay lots of attention to the details which could cost them a lot. They had to created 30 identical from top to bottom pairs of Coralline pyjamas. They had to create lots of different costumes for each 28 main characters which play in the movie. Creating one small sweater takes up to 3 weeks, especially when they had to do it by hands to highlight all of the details. They also had to crea

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During this project I've learn lots of different skills such as patience because animation process takes a lots of time, accuracy which can cost you a lot if you move one element too much - animation won't look smooth and time managing because everything takes a lots of time and you have to organise it to achieve the highest standard possible.I have also learned how to used different editing program - Premier Pro and  learned how to save it as a QuickTime. During this project I faced lots of different problems such as reflection on the acetate to solve this problem I had to cover all of the shiny bits of the tripod and lights with a black mat piece of paper. I also had to play with the placement of the lights to achieve the best lighting and get rid of the unwanted reflections. I forgot to stabilise my background with masking tape, which caused the background to move. I find it out when I played my first scene in the camera. To fix it I had to stabilise the background and reshoot the first scene. I had few scenes which didn't work as I wanted such as: group of fishes coming from left to right of the frame. This didn't work properly because I stabilised my background and acetate with a lots of masking tape of both sides of the background. This way didn't allowed me to move the sheet of acetate with a massive group of printed fishes to move from right to left, so I decided to make it come from the top till the bottom of the frame and then make it 'swim out' in the left hand side. I also couldn't use it because I printed all of the fishes characters facing left, so if the group of the small fishes printed on the acetate would cover the main character coming from the left side when the small fishes disappeared from the frame. I'm really disappointed how the shake effect turn up so I had to cover it with a flash effect transition with a burb sound effect. It took me two days to shoot it so, I had to mark where all of the equipment was placed. This didn't work well because I had to use different room on the next day which means that I had to recreate everything and make it match with the first part I did the other day.

I'm really proud  of my animation and I really like how it turn up. I feel like the energetic music played when fishes are chasing after each other make it really interesting and funny. This music also engage middle age people. I also like how all of the transitions came up. My favourite one is the last one. It's when the logo of the channel dissolve in the black background. This makes me thinks about the classic end of a movie.

I could improve it by adding more effect to make it more interesting and stand out. I could also cut and outline my elements more accurate because in some moments of the animation you can see white details around the characters. I could improve my characters and make their mouths' move while they eat other fishes. I could play with few different backgrounds to make it more interesting. I could also add more accurate sounds to make it more interesting.

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Problems during the animations and their solutions 

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Problems during the animations and their solutions 

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1) Background moved each time I added different element on it.
- I had to tape corners to make it stable.
2) Reflection in the acetate placed on top of the background.
- I had to move the cool lights around and find a right place to get rid of the reflection. Also I had to stick pieces of the black paper onto the legs of the tripod to stop the reflection.
3) It took me two day to shoot it.
- I had to mark all of the places of the tripod, lights and box with background with a masking tape to recreate it next day.
4) Some of my planned scenes didn't work.
- I had to add some parts to make the animation flow and look interesting.
5)  I never used Premier Pro before.
- I had to search and look on some trailers on Youtube to learn how to use it.
6) Bubble sound from the fishes
- I wanted to add bulle sound when bubbles are coming from the fishes mouth but there were already too many sounds, so the viewer wouldn't hear it.I decided to leave it as it is.

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I used two cool lights which I had to place on both sides of my animation. I had to place them at 45 degree to achieve well lighted area. I had to play with them to find out the right possition to get rid of the reflection caused of the metalic objects.

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One of the transitions I used was when massive group of fishes printed on the acetate were coming from the top of the frame till the bottom. I think it was succesfull because it took the viewer in the interesting way to anther scene. Second transation I used was flash effect which I created by slowely slowely over exposing few pictures. I think this was effective because it moved viewer to another part of the animation in interesting way. Last transation I used was when the logo of the SeaTv channel dissolve in the black background. I really like this effect because it end up aniation in very classic way.

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I'm going to aim my animation to kids aged 9-16 because it's easy to follow and also contains lots of bright colours which interest kids in very easy way. It is also aimed to kids who are interested in the natural history. This animation is also for kids who really like to watch comedy and laugh.

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I decided to make my animation funny because in this way you can atract lots of viewers. This can also show that learning programs are not any boring but also funny and they can teach you a lot. I decided to use under the sea sound as my background all the way through the animation. Then i added some swimming sound when small fishes are poping into the frame. I have also added crazy/fast/ energetic music when fishes are chasing after each other and in my opinion this sound make the animation really interesting that the viewer wants to stay and watch it till the end. I added chewing sound to make it even more funny. Then I added a burb sound to help the action flow and make it more realistic and let the viewer feel different feelings. At the end I added bubble sound which makes the viewer think of sea. Popping sound had to make the logo stand out.

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I decided to print five different type and size fishes. To make the original, more cartoony and interesting I decided to stick some funny eyes on them. This make them stand out and also make the animation more funny and interesting. An example of this is this image.

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I looked on many different types of pictures presenting bottom of the sea because it was really hard to find one that I really like. I wanted it to look realistic but at the same time fiary tale. I decided to print A3 photo where you can see little details of the water or sand at the bottom. In my opinion this look really interesting. I also decided to cut out lots of seaweeds and corals to achieve the real climate and atmosphere and to make look as I want.

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- I'm going to cut-out and make everything ready for 15/01/18
- I'm going to shoot my animation on 25/01 - 26/01
- I'm going to edit my animation on 30/01
- I'm going to make sure that my animation looks good and change the last things on 01/02
- Deadline 02/02
- I'm going to use two cool lights which I'm going to place on both sides of my animation. I'm going to place the lights at the 45 degrees.
- I'm going to print some fishes from the internet and stick some cartoon eyes on them to personalize them.
- I'm also going to use the same background all of the way through. I'm just going to change the design of it by add of getting rid of the seaweed, coral or shells.
- I'm will have to play with the lights to get rid of the reflections created by them on the acetate.
- I'm going to set my camera to AV mode, F5.6 and 100 ISO to achieve the best quality of the image. I'm going to used D100 canon camera and standard lens. I'm going to shoot at the 40-45 focal length. I'm going to use a tripod to stabilize the camera.
-I have to be really careful to don't lost any of the elements of my cut-out.
- Also, I have to pay lots of attention to don't have any shadows or don't move any of the elements to make them the amination look as much realistic as possible.
- I'm also going to use masking tape to stabilise my background and acetate.

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I'm going to use cut out a technique to create my stop motion animation. I choose this technique because it is really easy and cheap - you can find out lots of images in the internet, newspapers which you can combine together to create something really cool or you can draw some characters yourself. This technique is really easy to use because you can draw one character, then cut it into pieces and use it multiple times which speed up the process. I'm going to use it because I think it's good to engage kid because of the funny way it's presented and bright colours which make it stand out.

I'm going to make it link to the brief scenario by creating an intent to promote my natural channel. I'm going to name the channel "Sea TV" to make it link to the animation and also give an outlook of what audience can expect to see there. I'm going to aim it to kids  who are interested in the natural development. I'm going to make it in a funny and interesting way. I think it this animation is really easy to follow and contains lot of bright colour which interest and cough kid sign very easy.

I'm going to base my animation on the sea life. I'm going to use a flat blue background on which I'm going to place lots of different seaweeds shells or corals to make it look more realistic and friendly. I will print some small fishes onto the acetate. In this way, it is going to be much easier to move all of the fishes at the same time. I will make them come from the top of the frame till the bottom. Then I will cut out some of them and make them move in the opposite way then the other one. Most of the fishes will move to the left. Then bigger fish will come from from the right-hand side and swim to the middle of the frame. Another bigger fish will come and start to chase after the smaller one. The bigger fish is going to eat smaller one. This situation will happen 3 times till the biggest fish/ shark pop to the frame. We will see shark chewing another fish which he just ate by the cloud placed on his faces with the pieces of the other fish. Then, I will try to create shake effect by making the shark move in the background. after that, I'm going to create transition by moving all of the seaweed out of the frame and overexposing frames t create the flash effect. After that, I will make the shark throw a skeleton of the smaller fish. Next, both of them will slowly disappear from the frame by slowly moving away from the frame. I will pop some bubbles come from the bottom of the frame to the top and then I will make a massive bubble come with a name of the channel to make it link to the brief scenario.

I will add lots of funny sound effects such as fast music/running sound - when fishes are going to chase after each other to make it more comedian and interesting. I will add the burp sound and try to achieve shaking effect to make it stand out and look more realistic. I'm also going to add bubble sound to make it look more realistic.

GENRE: natural history / comedy
AGE: kids (9-16)
GENDER: boys and girls
NARRATIVE: food chain

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I did this group cut animation to practise before my final project.

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In this advert, they used different styles of stop frame animation such as cut-outs which we can see mostly at the start of it and computer-generated animation which we can see towards the end. I think that they have also used object animation which we can see when the scissors are pretending that they are cutting different objects out of the paper. I really like how they combine all of those techniques together and create a really interested advert.
They have used happy music/sounds in the background to make the advert roll/ move smoothly to look more interesting and encourage people to buy stuff they see in the video.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Htlh1IieikQ

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They used stop frame motion animation to create this ident. They have used clay motion which is not that easy to do because they had to recreate the character each time they shoot. This takes lots of time and patience but they achieve really good effect at the end. They had to move they clay character really slow and take 24 frames a second to make the animation/ ident flow. They added lots of sound effect which make it even more effective and realistic.
In the first screen you can see man created from the clay which stands on the massive block. Everything is from the viewer point of view. They used long shoot to show everything around.  Then they close up on the character  who's smash the block with a hammer.
In the second screen you can see small place of a miss piece in a shape of a triangle. They used long shoot to show everything around. This start to form 'M' letter shape. The character also smashed bottom of the block, so the viewer had clear view of the 'M' letter. Everything is shown from the viewer point of view.
On the third screen we can see 'TV' letters placed on the 'M' letter by the character. They have also do it from the viewer point of view. They have use bright colours of the 'TV' letters to catch viewer attention.
On the fourth screen we can see MTV logo with a small writing at the bottom of it which was covered under sand which was moved by the character who fold down.

This ident doesn't really match my theme but I can still learn lots of different things from the way they made it.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdwilaHVIfg

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Producing an animated television program is a far more laborious process, involving dozens of people working hundreds of hours. In traditional animation, still, the standard for animated TV shows, every single frame of an animated show must be drawn by hand. The 20 or so minutes of actual footage that make up a typical half-hour program consists of around 30,000 separate frames.
https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/tv-animation1.htm

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Aardman Animations, Ltd., also known as Aardman Studios, or simply as Aardman, is a British animation studio based in Bristol. Aardman is known for films made using stop-motion clay animationtechniques, particularly those featuring Plasticine characters Wallace and Gromit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardman_Animations

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Official Site of Aardman Animations - Four Times Oscar Winning Studio Behind Wallace and Gromit, Shaun the Sheep, Creature Comforts, Chicken Run, Morph, Angry Kid and Rex the Runt.

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American film director, producer, artist, writer, and animator. He is known for his dark, gothic, eccentric, and quirky fantasy films such as Beetlejuice(1988), Edward Scissorhands (1990), the animated musical The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993).

Stalk of the Celery Monster attracted the attention of Walt Disney Productions' animation division, which offered Burton an animator's apprenticeship at the studio.[5] He worked as an animator, storyboard artist and concept artist on films such as The Fox and the Hound (1981), The Black Cauldron and Tron. His concept art never made it into the finished films.

While at Disney in 1982, Burton made his first short, Vincent, a six-minute black-and-white stop motion film based on a poem written by the filmmaker, and depicting a young boy who fantasizes that he is his hero Vincent Price, with Price himself providing narration.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Burton

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American identical twin brothers better known as the Brothers Quay or Quay Brothers. They are influential stop-motion animators. They are also the recipients of the 1998 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Set Design for their work on the play The Chairs.

Most of their animation films feature puppets made of doll parts and other organic and inorganic materials, often partially disassembled, in a dark, moody atmosphere. Perhaps their best known work is Street of Crocodiles, based on the short novel of the same name by the Polish author and artist Bruno Schulz.

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He is a Czech filmmaker and artist whose work spans several media. He is a self-labeled surrealist known for his animations and features, which have greatly influenced other artists such as Terry Gilliam, the Brothers Quay, and many others.

Stop-motion features in most of his work, though recently his feature films have included much more live action sequences than animation. Many of his films also include clay objects in stop motion, otherwise known as claymation. Food is a favourite subject and medium. Švankmajer also uses pixilation in many of his films, including Food (1992) and Conspirators of Pleasure (1996).

Many of his movies, like the short film Down to the Cellar, are made from a child's perspective, while at the same time often having a truly disturbing and even aggressive nature.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_%C5%A0vankmajer

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This is "Food (1992) Jan Svankmajer" by nadacomercial on Vimeo, the home for high quality videos and the people who love them.

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He was an American-British artist, designer, visual effects creator, writer, and producer who created a form of stop-motion model animation known as "Dynamation'. He was influence by Gustave Dore, Charles Knight and John Martin throughout his films.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Harryhausen

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The four and a half minute compliation of every Ray Harryhausen animated creature in feature films, presented in chronological order. Read the complete creature list at http://www.harryhausen.com The song is "Mon Ti," from the incomparable Tito Puente's album "Top Percussion."

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American motion picture special effects and stop-motion animation pioneer, who according to ASIFA-Hollywood "was responsible for some of the best-known images in cinema history," and is best remembered for his work on The Lost World (1925), King Kong (1933) and Mighty Joe Young (1949), for which he won the 1950 Academy Award for Best Visual Effects.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willis_H._O%27Brien

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Here is an early clip of stop-motion photography used by Willis O'Brien to animate dinosaurs.

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The Kinetoscope is an early motion picture exhibition device. It was designed for films to be viewed by one individual at a time through a peephole viewer window at the top of the device. It introduced the basic approach that would become a standard for all cinemas projection before the advent of video.

He also created a phonograph in 1877, which was a device which could record sound and also would create waveforms that be engraving into the disc or cylinder.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetoscope
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8pDXaYlQES0

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Muybridge was known as a professional photographer with tightly proficient technical skills and an artist's eye. He developed his method of horses in motion, proving that they do have all four hooves off the ground during their running stride.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eadweard_Muybridge

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They were the first filmmakers in the history. Brothers began to create moving pictures. They patent several significant processes leading up to their film camera, most notably film perforations (originally implemented by Emile Reynaud) as a means of advancing the film through the camera and projector.  The original cinematograph was patended by the Léon Guillaume Bouly on 12 February 1892.They went on to develop the first practical photographic colour process, the Lumière Autochrome.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re
Cinematographer à their first film -

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Praxinoscope used a strip of pictures placed around the inner surface of a spinning cylinder. It improved on the zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits with an inner circle of mirrors, placed so that the reflections of the pictures appeared more or less stationary in position as the wheel turned.

In 1889 Reynaud developed his project, an improved version of projecting images on a screen from a long roll of pictures.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praxinoscope

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The series began when Pal made an advertising film using "dancing" cigarettes in 1932, which led to a series of theatrical advertising shorts for Philips Radio in the Netherlands.These shorts have an art deco design, often reducing characters to simple geometric shapes. A typical Puppetoon required 9,000 individually carved and machined wooden figures or parts.

George Pal's Puppetoons were a series of animated puppet films made in Europe in the 1930s and in the United States in the 1940s. They are memorable for their use of replacement animation: using a series of different hand-carved wooden puppets (or puppet heads or limbs) for each frame in which the puppet moves or changes expression, rather than moving a single puppet, as is the case with most stop motion puppet animation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvrYPXFnWA4 - uppetoon show

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A zoetrope is one of several pre-film animation devices that produce the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion.

William Horner throught up a cylindrial variation and published details about his mathematical principles in 1834. Horner's revolving drum had viewing slits between the pictures instead of above as most later zoetrope variations would have.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoetrope

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In 1832, Plateau invented an early stroboscopic device, the "phenakistoscope", the first device to give the illusion of a moving image. It consisted of two disks, one with small equidistant radial windows, through which the viewer could look, and another containing a sequence of images. When the two disks rotated at the correct speed, the synchronization of the windows and the images created an animated effect. The projection of stroboscopic photographs, creating the illusion of motion, eventually led to the development of cinema.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Plateau

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•also called stop frame animation – is an animation that capture one frame at time, with physical object that are moved between frames. When you play back the sequences of images rapidly, it creates the illusion of movement.

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expressed in frames in second. It is the frequency (rate) at which consecutive images called frames are displayed in an animated display. Stop frame animation use 24 frames per second

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•works by the optical illusion, by showing a sequence of full pictures fast enough, the viewer sees this as an interprets continuous image such as a video. The brain can  only process 10 to 12 separate images with in a second.

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The Humpty Dumpty Circus animation was one of the very first  recorded stop animation back in 1898. It was created by Albert E. Smith and J. Stuart Blackton. This animation shows Smith daughter’s set of dolls which are playing in the circus. At the beginning of it we can see an interesting effect/ illusion which make the letters and other object move in very creative way. Everything is created with a lot of care. I can tell that because most of the pictures got the same exposure and you can see shadows from the moving object which make the animation look even more realistic. I really like the scene where you can see how the circus dolls are showing up from behind of the first one. I like how they created their movement by taking few pictures of the dolls placed in different positions. Also i like the scene when the dark background drops down. It was created by placing tiny bit of the background to the camera frame and then recorded by taking picture. They had to replace the background and retake it for few times to make it look effetely. I really like the illusion of the man (doll) falling down, created by placing the doll more and more into the frame and retaking the picture. There is a lot’s of movement going on which means that the photographer had to take lots of pictures which are later played in very quick time to create illusion of a movie.  A very interesting scene is when we can see lots of different types of animals passing through the camera and with a small movement of their head and legs. This seems to be really hard to do because you have to move each of the object that you’re going to photograph very small amount to make the movement look realistic. One second of the movie takes twenty – four frames which shows how careful you have to be and how many details you have to add to make your animation look really perfect. They have used a black picture to change the place of the scene. In my opinion this worked perfect because you can’t really see that image if you don’t look carefully.   You can see some rare pictures with lower exposure if you watch it really carefully. By making the light less intense the viewer can see that time changed to the night. The photographer also had to add some sounds to make it look more realistic and bring those ‘moving’ object to life.

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A homage to Albert E. Smith and J. Stuart Blackton who made the very first recorded stop motion animation back in 1898. Although the footage was never preserved, id like to think they used a lot of the same pieces of the Schoenhut Humpty Dumpty Circus.

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Coralline is a horror movie created by using  old fashion puppet stop motion and modern 3D effect. It was created in 2009 and directed by James and the Giant Peach. Filming it in stop motion took them almost 2 years, which followed a year of preproduction. This shows how accurate they had to be to make everything flow and look good combined together. This move was aimed for kids who like to watch animated creepy movies.

There were 28 animators working on the plan to achieve the best effect and the highest standards as possible. All of those puppets begin with armature to give them a full range of motion. It took them a week to produce 90-100 seconds of finished animation each week.

They had to prepare all cloths, backgrounds and puppets face expressions. Creating all of those elements takes lots of time because they had to pay lots of attention to the details which could cost them a lot. They had to created 30 identical from top to bottom pairs of Coralline pyjamas. They had to create lots of different costumes for each 28 main characters which play in the movie. Creating one small sweater takes up to 3 weeks, especially when they had to do it by hands to highlight all of the details. They also had to create so many different face expressions for each of the character which take lots of time.

Creating a puppets takes really huge amount of time. First, they had to cast it in the silicone substance to create the skin, then painted and gave hair. Each of those steps takes long time because they had to allow lots of time to dry.

They also had to take care about they models and props, construction and carpentry and painting.  The largest set of this film was the orchard which is 60 feet long. And, as with the puppets, everything must be inimitable including grass and plants blown by the wind or colourful flowers which need to bloom.

During this film production they were shooting in 3D to show as many details as possible and to let the viewer feel as if he’s there too. ‘To create 3D effect each shot is photographed using digital camera that shoots a frame for one eye, then moves a very small, pre-programmed distance and shoots over. The animator can check what’s been shot on the computer monitor’.

‘They have also used CG technology to erase in the puppets faces the removable parts needed to make them appear to speak as well as ring removal. CG technology also can be used to occasionally alter or re-time scenes that would otherwise be too expensive or time-consuming to re-shoot.’

https://www.awn.com/animationworld/set-coraline-where-motion-doesnt-stop

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Stop Motion Adventure Action Genre King Kong

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Stop Motion Adventure Action Genre King Kong

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King Kong animation was produced in 1933 in America. It was directed and produced by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack. King Kong is an adventure animation which tells a story of about Kong who dies in an attempt to possess a beautiful young woman. They created four scaled stop-motion models which were created out of aluminium, foam rubber, latex and rabbit four. There were also live actors playing in that animation. They also used glass painting, travelling mattes and full-scale practical creature to create it. Producers had to combine stop-motion and video of live-action actors by using Dunning process. This wasn’t easy to do because they had to make sure that every frame matches another one. In 1933 they stop-motion animation relied on tiny models to bring the monster and an island full of dinosaurs to life. Combination of stop-motion animation and film won’t make it make look really good because you can see how gorilla is standing out from the background and how fake it look like.

Hong Kong animation was developed over the year and people had found lots of different ways to make it look more realistic. In 1976 Jeff Bridge, Charles Grodin and Jessica Lange life-sized hydraulic gorilla arms ( with hand measuring six feet long )  which allowed the Kong to wrap around Lange without crushing and hurting the model. During that year they have even created a robotic version of the Kong and elaborate miniatures, there were even human’s performing in gorilla suits. Everything started to look more effective and better visually.

In 2005, they created digital King Kong which brings the animation more to life.  They have also created digital jungle environmental, and a completely digital New York for the film. It is amazing to see how the techniques developed through that time. This film has improved big screens special effects for decades. The King Kong movie become really popular and it won an Oscar for its visual effects and use of different techniques.

https://www.inverse.com/article/28410-king-kong-visual-effects-hist

https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/3/13/14857242/king-kong-skull-island-vfx

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Stop frame animation is a process when the subject is photographed, move slightly and then photographed again to create animation. It is repeated number of times. Next, all of the photos are patch together to create animation.

-In 1898, Albert Smith and Stuart Blackton created short animation called The Humpty Dumpty Circus.

-Emile Cohl, French cartoonist and animator brought stop motion to America. ( he used to drow 700 different sketches to photograph individually and photograph to create the animated sequence).

-In 1907 The Haunted Hotel was a new stop-motion film created by J. Stuart Blackton.

-One of the earliest clay animation film was Modelling Extraordinary which impressed audience in 1912.

-In 1917, the first ever woman animator, Helena Smith Dayton released her very first film Romeo and Juliet.

-Italian stop-motion films include Quaq Quao (1978), by Francesco Misseri, which was stop-motion with origami, The Red and the Blue and the clay animation kittens Mio and Mao.

-Disney experimented with several stop-motion techniques by hiring independent animator – director Mike Jittlov to the first stop-motion animation of Mickey Mouse.
https://www.lomography.com/magazine/127612-a-short-history-of-stop-motion-animation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_motion

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Stop motion animation is seen as a type of optical illusion in which still images are placed one after another to create the sense of movement.

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With the release of Kubo and the Two Strings, it is a perfect moment to go back in time and see the evolution of stop-motion animation throughout the years.

The films included are:
- The Enchanted Drawing (1900)
-Fun at the Bakery Shop (1902)
-El Hotel Electrico (1905)
-Humorous Phases of Funny Faces (1906)
-The Cameraman's Revenge (1912)
-The Night before Christmas (1913)
-Häxan (1922)
-The Lost World (1925)
-The Tale of Fox (1930 version)
-King Kong (1933)
-The New Gulliver (1935)
-The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms (1953)
-It Came Beneath The Sea (1955)
-Earth vs Flying Saucers (1956)
-The Seventh Voyage of Sinbad (1958)
-Jason and the Argonauts (1963)
-Closed Mondays (1975)
-Star wars IV: A New Hope (1977)
-Star Wars V: Empire Strikes Back (1980)
-Clash of the Titans (1981)
-The Terminator (1984)
-Robocop (1987)
-Beetlejuice (1988)
-Wallace and Gromit: A grand day out (1990)
-The Secret Adventures of Tom Thumb (1993)
-The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993)
-James and the Giant Peach (1996)
-Chicken Run (2000)
-Corpse Bride (2005)
-Coraline (2009)
-Mary and Max (2009)
-Fantastic Mr.Fox (2009)
-The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists! (2012)
-Paranorman (2012)
-Frankenweenie (2012)
-Star Wars VII: The Force Awakens (2015)
-The Little Prince (2015)
-Anomalisa (2015)
-Kubo and the Two Strings (2016)

Music: Mychael Danna- The Streak (Moneyball OST)

Website: http://www.vugarefendi.com
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For educational purposes only.

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Technique made famous by Norman McLaren

Live actors are used as a frame in an animated film, by repeatedly posing while one or more frames is taken and changing pose slightly before the next frame or frames.

Its often used to blend live actors with animated ones in a movie eg. The Secret Adventures of Tom Thumb by the Bolex Brothers

24 frames per second

pron:
-look really interesting and realistic
- easy to do because live actors are capable to do most of the things
Cons:
- actors have to move really slow and careful, they have to wear clothes that match with the scene
- you have to make sure that your last position u started to shoot is your first position when you carry on with your shoot on the other day to make it flow

http://blog.ed.ted.com/2015/11/18/animation-basics-what-is-pixilation/
https://pl.pinterest.com/pin/311522499204019173/

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Each object or character is sculpted from clay or other material as plasticine usually around a wire skeleton called an armature and then arranged on the set, where it’s photographed ones before it’s slightly moved and prepared for the next shot.

•24 frames per second (frame/s)
Prons:
- look really realistic
Cons:
- you have to change the clay character every frame
- it's hard to make
-extremely time consuming

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTFI7_tAgm4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHTQr0kfA98

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•Cutout is a form of stop-motion animation using flat characters, props and backgrounds cut from materials such as paper, card, stiff fabric or even photographs.

Today that animation is produced by using computers, with scanned images or vector graphics taking the place of physically cut materials.
25 frames per sec
Prons:
- you can cut your character into pieces and use it multiple times
- easy and cheap
Cons:
- you have to be careful to don't lost any elements
- you have to be careful when moving everything to make the movement look natural
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xt4-EMZSEoM

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Characters are only visible as black silhouette because they are lighted from the back.

To create this technique they use figures cut out of paperboard sometimes reinforced with a thin metal sheet, and tied together at their joints with thread or wire.

Animation of Sayonara Zetsubō-Sensei (2007) and in a few levels in Donkey Kong Country Returns (2010).
Prons:
- it's easy and cheap to do
Cons:
- you can't see any details of the actors

https://pl.pinterest.com/pin/278660295668199023/

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This technique was developed by George Pal
Puppets are made with movable parts which are repositioned between frames to create the illusion of motion when the frames are played in rapid sequence, then it is swapped with a near-duplicated muppet for the next frame. They used different versions of puppet for different frames
24 frames per second
- 'The puppetoon movie'
Prons:
- Everything looks really realistic
Cons:
- it takes lots of time to create an animation like that
- you have to add so many details