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4.     Design and structure

Levitation is essential if you want to go at high speeds. But because of aerodynamic drag forces, design plays also an important part in reaching high speeds. Indeed even if the pod travels in a low pressure tube, there’s still wind resistance. For example, if you go at the top speed of 1000km per hours, there is a force of 2N (=20kg) pushing against the pod. In this way, in order to decrease aerodynamic drag, that reduces speed, the pod has to be built very carefully with a special design.

[Picture]

As we can notice, Paradigm design is the same as the one of Delft pod. In WARR pod case there is no need to talk about wind resistance given that it has been built in a smaller size. That’s why let’s have a look on Delft pod to explain the design of the pod.

Delft pod has been created in a circular form mainly due to the pressure. Contrary to tube’s pressure, in the capsule there is an atmospheric pressure of 1bar. Thereby the most efficient shape to keep the pressure inside is round, so that this pressure which pushed against capsule’s walls would be the same at every place. This circular shape wouldn’t has to be so thick, thus it would has a less weight and goes higher.

The shape could also be a rectangle but in that case, walls couldn’t be thin. Actually in a rectangle form the pressure wouldn’t be well spread, so pressure would push more on some parts of this capsule. To assure that pod’s walls wouldn’t crack, it’s necessary to build the capsule with thick walls. This kind of walls would make a high weight and so slow down the pod. That’s why this rectangular shape has been rejected.

Another aspect that work in the form is aerodynamic force. It seems logical but let’s remind you of it: air goes very easier over a round shape than over a rectangular shape, because of the corners that would consist an obstacle for the air and slow down the pod.  So that with a round shape there will be less wind resistance and the pod would go at a higher speed.

To conclude, the shape of the pod is of course circular due to several aspect that make it goes at high speeds.

Delft pod would be like an airplane, with a lot of doors and windows (6 doors). Also we’d need to build it with a very strong “body” to make sure that it wouldn’t crack around these openings. Actually there would be strong parts only around the edge of the doors, because the windows wouldn’t be real but just represented with a screen that would show a virtual reality. This aspect is the cause of the closed-tube in which the pod travels.

Moreover the doors wouldn’t have to be positioned symmetrically on the pod’s sides; otherwise the atmospheric pressure inside the pod would create an air column, perpendicular to the pod. This one would then break the pod at doors places because these parts are weaker.

As we’ve told before, there is not a perfect vacuum in the tube, at least 1% of molecules are still in the air. Thereby, when Hyperloop goes further inside the tube, it compresses the air that is around it. This will engender a certain noise: acoustic waves. When Hyperloop gets to the speed of the sound, the air become so compressed that it produces a shock wave. In other words, it is a supersonic “bang”.  Given that the main goal of Hyperloop project is to reach the high speed (much higher than sound speed) there will inevitably be one supersonic bang per ride. So that we have to take care of the spot where this shock wave will happen.

Actually, sonic boom mustn’t happen on the pod. Otherwise passengers would hear it and it might even create little cracks on the body. So, the sonic boom has to happen just after the body. To do this, the end of Delft pod has been created in a specific shape: pointed. [Picture]. Thereby, molecules of the supersonic bang would slide along the body and so let the sonic boom happen after the pod.

To finish the Delft capsule would be built in aluminum fiber, lighter than steal.

The main goals of the design is to make the pod rather light so as to reach high speed. On the other hand it has to be very resistant at some spots to stay safe during the journey.

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Version d’origine pour comparer

4) Design and structure

Levitation is essential if you want to go at high speeds. However design plays also an important part in this aim because of aerodynamic drags? forces. => But because of aerodynamic drag forces, design plays also an important part in reaching high speeds. Indeed even if the pod travels in a low pressure tube, there’s stillwind resistanceaerodynamic resistant. For example, if you go at the top speed of 1000km per hours, there is a force of 2N (=20kg) pushing against the pod. In this way, in order to decrease aerodynamic drag, that reduces speed, the pod has to be built very carefully with a special design.

[Picture]

As we can noticed, pParadigm design is the same as the one of dDelft pod. In WARR pod case there is no need to talk about aerodynamic wind resistance given that it has been built in a smaller size. That’s why, let’s have a look on delft Delft pod to explain the pod design.

Delft pod has been created in a circular form mainly due to the pressure. Contrary to tube’s pressure, in the capsule there is an atmospheric pressure of 1bar. Thereby the most efficient shape to keep the pressure inside is round, so that this pressure which pushed against capsule’s walls would be the same at every place. This circular shape wouldn’t has to be so thick, thus it would has a less weight and goes higher.

The shape could also be a rectangle but in that case, walls couldn’t be thin. Actually in a rectangle form the pressure wouldn’t be well spread, so pressure would push more on some parts of this capsule. To assure that pod’s walls wouldn’t crack, it’s necessary to build the capsule with thick walls. This kind of walls would make a high weight and so slow down the pod. That’s why this rectangular shape has been rejected.

Another aspect that work in the form is aerodynamic force. It seems logical but let’s remind you of it: air goes very easier over a round shape than over a rectangular le shape, because of the corners that would consist an obstacle for the air and slow down the pod.  So that with a round shape there will be less aerodynamic wind resistance and the pod would goes at a higher speed.

To conclude, the shape of the pod is of course circular due to several aspect that make it goes at higher speeds.

Delft pod would be like an airplane, with a lot of doors and windows (4doors). Also we’d need to build it with a very strong “body” to make sure that it wouldn’t crack around these openings. Actually there would have to be strong parts only around the edge of the doors, because the windows wouldn’t be real but just represented with a screen that would show a virtual reality. This aspect is the cause of the closed-tube in which the pod travels.

Moreover the doors wouldn’t have to be positioned at the same place/ symmetrically on the pod’s sides, otherwise the atmospheric pressure inside the pod would create an air column, perpendicular to the pod. This one would then breaks the pod at doors places because these parts are weaker.

As we’ve told before, there is not a perfect vacuum in the tube, at least 1% of molecules are still in the air. Thereby, when the Hyperloop goes further inside the tube, it compresses the air that is around it. This will engender a certain noise: acoustic waves. When the Hyperloop gets to the speed of the sound, the air become so compressed that it produces a shock wave. In other words, it is a supersonic “bang”.  Given that the main goal of Hyperloop project is to reach the high speed (much higher than sound speed) there will inevitably be one supersonic bang per ride. So that we have to take care of the spot where this shock wave will happen.

Actually, sonic boom mustn’t happen on the pod. Otherwise passengers would hear it and it might even create little cracks on the body. So, the sonic boom has to happen just after the body. To do this, the end of Delft pod has been created in a specific shape: pointed. [Picture]. Thereby, molecules of the supersonic bang would slide along the body and so let the sonic boom happen after the pod.

To finish the Delft capsule would be built in aluminum fiber, lighter than steal.

The main goals of the design is to make the pod rather light so as to reach high speed. On the other hand it has to be very resistant at some spots to stay safe during the journey.

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1-Chambre pleine SUFFISANT COMME EXPLICATIONS
La technique de la chambre pleine est de loin la plus simple à comprendre et à mettre en place.
Le véhicule doit former une sorte de cloches, de l'air est alors insufler à l'intérieure.

A force d'insufler de l'air la pression au sein de la cloche va augmenter, cette pression ne pouvant pas être contenu l'air devra obligatoirement s'échapper par les extrémitées de la cloche en la levant. Comme le débit d'air incorporer dans la cloche est constant, l'élévation de celle-ci est aussi constante.

https://levitationtpe.jimdo.com/la-l%C3%A9vitation-par-coussin-d-air/histoire/

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tube car plus pratique et moins chère peut être sur pylône et donc pas besoin d'acheter de terrains et peut traverser n'importe quoi pas besoin de faire de déviation, pour faire passer le train

pas de problème de déraillement, personne ne peux se blesser, pas besoin de mettre des barrière pour contenir les animaux
= plus sure

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moteur électrique linéaire = moteur d'induction rond

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problème avec le tube, si paroie et capsule sont trop près cela engendrera un prb avec l'air,  devra poussée la colonne d'air entière pour passer comme seringue

pour cela mettre un compresseur à l'avant qui transmettra l'air à l'arrière et donc réduit la pression et utile pour les coussins d'air -> 2en 1

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définition: Ce phénomène a lieu lorsque que l’on surélève un objet en créant une pellicule d’air en surpression sous l’objet en question, l’air extérieur est ainsi en sous pression et permet donc la sustentation.

pourquoi un tube: basse pression dans le tube pour réduire l'énergie nécessaire au déplacement du train

utilisation d'un compresseur à l'avant pour emmener de l'oxygène au passager ainsi que utiliser pour aider à la pousser et alimenter les coussin d'air

Au total, le train possèderait 28 patins (coussins d’air) d’1.5m sur 0.9m et soulevant le train de 0.5 à 1.3mm. -> aucun frottement = aucun ralentissement

créer un coussin d’air il existe deux techniques : la Chambre pleine et la fente périphérique

loi de newton: principe d'inertie

objectif: diminuer les forces de frottement et donc éviter le ralentissement du train

moins chère que la sustentation magnétique

moins chère que si c'était le tube qui faisait des coussins d'air

expérience table à hockey

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