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Atticus Finch is a lawyer and a Dad to two kids, Jem and Scout. As one of his cases, he is told to support an African American, Tom Robinson, who was said to of raped a 19 year old girl, Mayella. Atticus supports Tom Robinson 100%, but unfortunately loses. Atticus is a man to his word and is not one to make rash decisions.

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Martin Luther King was born on January 15, 1929. He was a baptist minister and social activist who played a key role in leading the civil rights movement. King delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech at the historic March on Washington infront of the Lincoln Memorial. Sadly Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in 1968

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Both Atticus and Martin Luther King Jr. are advocating for the equal treatment of African Americans. Atticus is protecting the rights of Tom Robinson, an African American man. Like Atticus, Martin Luther King Jr. is standing up for the freedom of African Americans. Both Atticus and Martin Luther King believe that people shouldn't be mistreated because of their race.

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Both Atticus and Martin Luther King Jr. use ethos, the credibility of the speaker, in their speeches to strengthen their argument. Their use of ethos shows that they are respectful and intelligent.

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"“Some Negroes lie, some Negroes are immoral, some Negro men are not to be trusted around women-black or white. But this is a truth that applies to the human race and to no particular race of men.”

In this section Atticus is acknowledging the other point of view with respect. He is acknowledging that some people in the audience believe that Tom Robinson is guilty solely on his race.

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"I shall be brief, but I would like to use my remaining time with you to remind you that this case is not a difficult one, it requires no minute sifting of complicated facts, but it does require you to be sure beyond all reasonable doubt as to the guilt of the defendant...This case is as simple as black and white.”

In this section Atticus is beginning his address to the jury. He is respectfully addressing them while considering the other points stated in the case.

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Ethos in Martin Luther King Jr.'s Speech

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Ethos in Martin Luther King Jr.'s Speech

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“Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice...The Negro is still not free.”

Martin Luther King is presenting his argument in a respectful way as well as presenting it in a way that shows he is intelligent and credible.

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Ethos in Martin Luther King Jr.'s Speech Continued

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Ethos in Martin Luther King Jr.'s Speech Continued

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“When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

In this section, King uses history to show his intelligence and establish credibility. He is not exaggerating his claims to help support his presented argument that it is time for African Americans to fight for equality.

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Both Atticus and Martin Luther King Jr. use ethos in their speeches to strengthen their argument that African Americans shouldn't be treated with disrespect.

"Our courts have their faults, as does any human institution, but in this country our courts are the great levelers, and in our courts all men are created equal.”

“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.”

They are both presenting their argument that all men are created equal respectfully to their audiences.

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Pathos is when the speaker drops his/her formality and speaks from the heart to try and make his audience feel emotion or moved.

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“Gentlemen, a court is not better than each man of your sitting before me on this jury. A court is only as sound as its jury, and a jury is only as sound as the men who make it up. I am confident that your gentlemen will review without passion the evidence you have heard, come to a decision, and restore this defendant to his family. In the name of God, do your duty.”

This helps to strengthen Atticu's argument by conveying emotion to the jury because he has drooped his formality and is trying to tell the jury that Tom Robinson's life is at stake, and they should make the right decision, and not base it on race.

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“And so a quiet, respectable, humble Negro who had the unmitigated temerity to ‘feel sorry’ for a white woman has had to put his word against two white peoples.”

This coveys emotion and helps to strengthen Atticu's argument by making the jury feel sorry for the Negro Tom Robinson. He does this by making his audience feel bad that he is having to put his word against a white woman's word in which he will most likely loss. So he is trying to get the audience to feel remorse and really think about Tom's case and just not send him to Jail because he is a black man.

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"I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. "
This helps to strengthen Atticu's argument by conveying emotion to his audience by showing that children are feeling the same pain as the adults, to show that nobody wants their child to go through a life of discrimination. He makes them fell bad for their children, because everyone wants the best for their children and for them to have a good fruitful life.

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Pathos In Martin Luther Kings Speech Continued...

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Pathos In Martin Luther Kings Speech Continued...

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"Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God’s children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood."

This helps to strengthen Atticu's argument by conveying emotion by making the people want to make a change in society so the children of God can have a wonderful life.

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“And so a quiet, respectable, humble Negro who had the unmitigated temerity to ‘feel sorry’ for a white woman has had to put his word against two white peoples.”“I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.”

Both of these speeches use emotion to strengthen the argument by showing how horrible African American have been living. How badly they have been mistreated and how it is affecting their lives. That if we don’t do something about the segregation/racial issue it is only going worse. Tom is going to die or the African Americans will not be free and Martin Luther Kings kids will never have a free life.

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Both Atticus and Martin Luther King Jr use logos to show how "whites" discriminate against African Americans and how we are discriminating against people that are just like us.

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“The state has not produced one iota of medical evidence of the effect that the crime Tom Robinson is charged with ever took place. It has relied instead upon the testimony of two witnesses whose evidence has not only been called into serious question on cross examination, but has been flatly contradicted by the defendant. The defendant is not guilty, but somebody in this courtroom is.

Atticus is using his facts to show to the court room that the other side does not have facts.

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“She knew full well the enormity of her offense, but because her  desires were stronger than the code she was breaking, she persisted in breaking it. She persisted, and her subsequent reaction is something that all of us have known at one time or another. She did something every child has done - she tried to put the evidence of her offense away from her. But in this case she was not child hiding stolen contraband: she struck out at her victim - of necessity she must put them away from her - he must be  removed from her presence, from this world. She must destroy the evidence of her offense.”

Atticus uses facts to piece together an argument that supports his client, Tom Robinson. Atticus is not necessarily trying to support equal rights of African Americans, but stating how it may be offense to the world to support one. This helps strengthen his argument.

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“The Negro is still not free...life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination...the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity...the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.”

Martin Luther is using his fellow citizens thoughts to help formulate his argument about how discrimination still lives.

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“There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights.”

Martin Luther King Jr. uses knowledge from his fellow citizens and himself to show how he feels about waiting any longer for freedom. There will be none of it.

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“….there is one human  institution that makes a pauper the equal of a Rockefeller, the stupid man the equal of an Einstein, and the ignorant man the equal of any college president. That institution, gentleman, is a court. It can be the Supreme Court of the United States or the humblest J.P court in the land, or this honorable court which you serve. Our courts have their  faults, as does any human institution, but in  this country our courts are the great  levelers, and in our courts all men are created  equal.”

Atticus provides facts that prove for both arguments that everyone is equal not matter how different you are.

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“The Negro is still not free...life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination...the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity...the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.”

Martin Luther King Jr. explains how African Americans still feel discriminated in today's society and feel like they can't fit in even by themselves. Trying to make them look worse is worthless and cruel.

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Is when words or phrases are repeated to show emphasis on the word/ make it sound important

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Atticus repeats the word "gentleman" to add formality to his argument and establishing respect to the jury. He puts a professional appeal to his argument.

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Repetition in Martin Luther King Jr. Speech

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Repetition in Martin Luther King Jr. Speech

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In Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech he repeats "Let freedom ring" throughout the last few paragraphs. He repeats this phrase to emphasize that there should be freedom for everyone, everywhere. It also encourages people to fight for their freedom and to be treated as equals.

"Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee! Let freedom ring for every hill..."

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In both speeches, repetition helps emphasize and get the message across to the audience to help make what they want to happen.

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This is when the speaker ask a question to get the audience getting the audience to think about a certain issue. Then the speaker answers the question to persuade his audience to think how he/she is thinking.

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“What was the evidence of her offense? Tom Robinson, a human being. She must put Tom Robinson away from her. Tom Robinson was her daily reminder of what she did. What did she do? She tempted a Negro.”

This gets strengthens Atticuus jury by getting them to think about what actually happened the night Tom Robinson was over at Mayella's house. To get them not thinking one sided and biases but to look at the facts.

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Hypophora In Atticus's Speech Continued...

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Hypophora In Atticus's Speech Continued...

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“What did her father do? We don’t know, but there is circumstantial evidence to indicate that Mayella Ewell was beaten savagely by someone who lead almost  exclusively with his left.”

This helps to strengthen Atticu's argument by getting the audience think about how Tom Robinson could have actually raped Miss Mayell Ewell. He is trying to get his audience to see through the racial bias and see the facts of how Tom Robinson could have actually harmed Miss Mayell Ewell.

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Hypophora In Martin Luther King Jr's Speech

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Hypophora In Martin Luther King Jr's Speech

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“When will your be satisfied? We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro’s basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as a Negro in the Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote.”

Martin Luther King Jr. uses hypophora to strengthen his argument to to ask his audience questions to get them thinking about how African Americans have been mistreated and how wrong it is to discriminate people.

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They both ask a question to help strengthen their argument. This lets the audience have a chance to think  about what was happening. Then they answer the question so they get the audience thinking about his views and persuade them to think was he thinks is right.

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Formal diction is a style of writing that uses complicated words and sentence structure. It is language free of slang. It is used when addressing someone formally like both Atticus and Martin Luther King Jr. did in their speeches.

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Formal Diction in Martin Luther King's Speech

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Formal Diction in Martin Luther King's Speech

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“Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice.”

“This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism.”

Martin Luther King's use of formal diction helps to strengthen his argument that African American's aren't treated as equals by showing that he is intelligent and credible.

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“The state has not produced one iota of medical evidence to the effect that the crime Tom Robinson is charged with ever took place.”

“She has merely broken a rigid and time-honored code of our society, a code so severe that whoever breaks it is hounded from our midst as unfit to live with.”

Atticus uses formal diction in his address to show his audience that he is credible and intelligent. This helps him prove to his audience that he knows what he is talking about.

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Formal diction is used by both speakers to establish their credibility and get across to the audience their intelligence.