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Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

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The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect

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Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation.

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The principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage rather than a constant amount

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The minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time. We experience the difference threshold as a just noticeable difference

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The activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one’s perception, memory, or response.

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Below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness.

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A theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (‘signal’) amid background stimulation (‘noise’). Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a persons experience, expectations, motivation, and level of fatigue.

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The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

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The study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them

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Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations

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Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information

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The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.

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The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.