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assalamualaikum dr, i'm putri farah dita gunawan from mechanical engineering & i'm from indonesia. this is the summary that me & my team made.

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Assalamualaikum Dr. My name is Amier. I am From Cameron Highlands Pahang. https://prezi.com/view/6AXd2eHTdORlAgKg2O5I/

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Introduction & Scope of Modern Agriculture

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HelIo, I am Muhammad Irdin bin Mohd Nazri. I am in the first
semester in program of Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering with Honors. I am from
Shah Alam, Selangor. This is the summary that my team and I had reviewed in the chapter 1.
Agriculture is all activities that involve in utilizing the natural resources to produce
commodities that will help in maintaining and sustaining life. Modern agriculture has promoted
improvisation of methods and the continuation of processing the raw materials obtained to more
superior and better products. Modern agriculture also involved specialists in other fields to
collaborate in developing better methods and system to produce better yield.
Agriculture is important in the world because most nations in the world depend widely in
agriculture. Agriculture come to help in underdeveloped countries which have problems related
to least crop production and cannot provide enough food for its citizens because food is
important to maintain citizens’ health. Industrialized nations utilized agriculture to enhance their
raw material production. Agriculture can also maintain socio-political stability of a country,
especially in difficult times as today's weather are unexpected and cannot be prevented such as
drought in dry nations.
Agriculture can pollute our environment in many ways. One of them are by waterways
and wetlands. Usage of inorganic fertilizers which contain nitrogen and phosphorus can be
absorbed into nearby waterways from soil. Pollution from nitrogen and phosphorus can interrupt
biodiversity of plants and animals living in the waterways such fish in the river.
There are two types of agriculture practise. One of it is subsistence farming.The
characteristics of this farming are low input and low yield, inter-cropping, slash and burn, low
external input, enough food to feed family and no surplus to sell or storage for long term. The
other one is commercialised farming. The characteristics of this farming are it is monoculture or
combination of a few crops. It will use of high yielding modern varieties, large chemicals input
and high use of technology poultry and animal farming and new products and future industries.
Commercial farming is a type of farming in which crops are grown for commercial used
only. It is a modernized method of farming that is taken on a large scale. For example , tropical
plantation agriculture. Monocropping techniques is used on various types of crops such as
rubber, oil palm and cocoa. Due to the suitable humidity on tropical climate will support this
techniques in producing crops before being exported to industrialized nations. On the other
hands, vegetative farming techniques is used in commercialized farming. For instance, the block
of cabbage in Cameron Highlands. Its consists of organic farming and soilless culture. Organic
farming were involved in crop rotation which can avoid build up of pests and diseases. There were no chemical used. Soilless culture were providing plants with support and a reservoir for
nutrients and water. Its have tendency in high production with high quality products. Soilless
culture divided into liquid-Medium System and Solid-Medium System. Besides, cultivation of
aquatic organisms or known as aquaculture also being used to commercial farming activity. Its
consists of mariculture, algaculture, freshwater fish and prawns farming and semi aquatic
animals. Furthermore, animal husbandry is the scientific management of animal livestock. Its
includes various aspects such as feeding, breeding and disease control. Animal based farming
includes cattle, sheep, poultry and fish farming. As the population increases and as living
standard increases. Hence, the demand for egg, milk and meat will increases. In addition,
farming can help to form a new products and future industries. As new higher value industries
can be create due to biotechnology products, natural chemicals from biological resources and
utilization of oil palm biomass. Recreational fishery, agroforestry and agrotourism also can be
considered.
We will get two main downstream process that is food processing and industrial
processing. For food processing, we can get juice, burgers, sausage, jelly and etc. For industrial
processing, we can get furniture, tires, belts, handbags, and etc

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HelIo, I am Leong Ming Rui. I am in the first
semester in program of Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering with Honors. I am from Selangor. Here's the summary for Chapter 1.

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Assalamualaikum. My name is Raja Aisha Marlisa binti Raja Badlishah from Johor. I am a Food Process Engineering student. 

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Assalamualaikum. My name is Raja Aisha Marlisa binti Raja Badlishah from Johor. I am a Food Process Engineering student. 

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DEFINITION AGRICULTURE

-          The utilization of natural resource systems to produce commodities that will maintain life is called agriculture which involves farming,art and science that provide protein sources as food for human use.

-          The process of producing food and non-food product is a modern type of agriculture that can be used in many foods products and other industrial products.

-          Agriculture has shown worldwide improvement in the production and input of appropriate sources in terms of production including scientists, inventors, engineers, chemists and economists.

-          In chemical nutrient solutions, high value plants have been grown using traditional agricultural practices called hydroponics.

IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE

-          Nowadays, agriculture is very important in every industry as its provides the raw material such as rubber and oil palm to produce major products such as tires and cooking oil.

AGRICULTURAL PROVIDES INCOME

Agricultural makes its contribution to economic development in following ways :

1) By providing food and raw materials to non-agricultural sector.

2) Earning valuable foreign exchange through the export of agricultural products.

SOCIO-POLITICAL STABILITY

-          Conflict can disrupt the supply and distribution of inputs and outputs, create price shock and cause massive displacement of labour.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

-          High level of nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers, manure and animal waste in surface waters give to eutrophication which depletes dissolved oxygen, killing fish and other aquatic life

AGRICULTURAL PROCESS / SYSTEMS

SUBSISTENCE FARMING
Characteristics ;
- low input and low yield
- inter-cropping
- slash and burn (nomadic)
- low extent input
- enough food to feed family
- no surplus to sell or storage for long term

COMMERCIALISED FARMING
Characteristics :
- monoculture or combination of a few crops
- use of high yielding modern varieties
- large chemical input (pesticideand fertilizers)
- high use of technology and machine

COMMERCIALISED FARMING

- They are five types of commercialized farming :

1. Aquaculture.

2. Tropical plantation agriculture.

3. Vegetative farming.

4. Poultry and animal farming.

5. New products and future industrial

1. AQUACULTURE

- Aquaculture is cultivation of aquatic organisms such as matriculture and algaculture.

2. TROPICAL PLANTATION AGRICULTURE.

- The most well known plants concerned are rubbers, oil palm, cocoa, coffee and others.

- Grown in humid tropical climate.

- Little used when they are grown, but yields are mostly exported to industrialised nations.

3. VEGETATIVE FARMING.

-          The production of vegetables are in block and row.

-          Can be planted in an open or enclosed area.

-          Vegetative farming is divided by two, which are organic farming and soillness culture.

| ORGANIC FARMING | SOILLNESS CULTURE
| -          involves crop rotation to avoid build up of pests and disease and helps balance the fertility. -          No chemicals are used. -          Depends on natural enemies. -          Organic fertilizers | -          Providing plants with support and a reservoir for nutrients and water. -          Growing without soil. -          High production and quality. -          No soil-borne disease and weed. -          No tillage.

TYPES OF SOILLNESS CULTURE

-          Soillness culture is the one of the vegetative farming and have two types of soillness culture which are liquid-medium system and solid-medium system.Liquid-medium system which is deep water culture means is about plant’s root are suspended in a well oxygent solution composed water and nutrients while aeroponics is its suspended in a air and sorayed with a nutrient.Solid-medium system is employ plants in various type of container. In liquid-medium system, it consists of three techniques which are :

1.) Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)

- Most common technique

- Grown in channel, nutrient solution is pumped constantly.

| ADVANTAGE | DISADVANTAGE
| -          Low water and nutrient consumption | -          Roots grown in confined channels may clog the channels. -          Not suitable for plants with large top-root systems.

2.) Deep Water Culture (DWC)

-  Plant’s root are suspended in a well-oxygenatted solution composed of water and nutrients.

| ADVANTAGE | DISADVANTAGE
| -          Very low maintainence  | -          Water level, nutrient concentration may fluctuate wildly. -          If electricity outage or pump failure, the roots may ‘drown’ in low-oxygen nutrient solution.

4. POULTRY AND ANIMAL FARMING.

-          It’s about livestock farming for long time in future such as build shelters for duck, chicken and others .

5. NEW PRODUCT AND FUTURE INDUSTRIES.

-          Its to create new higher value industries from plants and animals.

-          We can get product from food or industrial processing such as burger, furniture, belts or others.

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Assalamualaikum, My name is Nur Idzni Binti Anuar. I'm from Jeli, Kelantan. I'm Process and Food Engineering student

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Assalamualaikum, My name is Nur Idzni Binti Anuar. I'm from Jeli, Kelantan. I'm Process and Food Engineering student

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Hello and Assalamualaikum, I am Muhammad Uzair Bin Mohd Shukri. I am in the first semester in program of Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering with Honors. I am from Kampar,Perak. This is the summary that i had reviewed in the chapter 1.Agriculture is all activities that involve in utilizing the natural resources to produce commodities that will help in maintaining and sustaining life. Modern agriculture has promoted improvisation of methods and the continuation of processing the raw materials obtained to more superior and better products. Modern agriculture also involved specialists in other fields to collaborate in developing better methods and system to produce better yield.Agriculture is important in the world because most nations in the world depend widely in agriculture. Agriculture come to help in underdeveloped countries which have problems related to least crop production and cannot provide enough food for its citizens because food is important to maintain citizens’ health. Industrialized nations utilized agriculture to enhance their raw material production. Agriculture can also maintain socio-political stability of a country, especially in difficult times as today's weather are unexpected and cannot be prevented such as drought in dry nations. Agriculture can pollute our environment in many ways. One of them are by waterways and wetlands. Usage of inorganic fertilizers which contain nitrogen and phosphorus can be absorbed into nearby waterways from soil. Pollution from nitrogen and phosphorus can interrupt biodiversity of plants and animals living in the waterways such fish in the river.There are two types of agriculture practise. One of it is subsistence farming.The characteristics of this farming are low input and low yield, inter-cropping, slash and burn, low external input, enough food to feed family and no surplus to sell or storage for long term. The other one is commercialised farming.  The characteristics of this farming are it is monoculture or combination of a few crops. It will use of high yielding modern varieties, large chemicals input and high use of technology poultry and animal farming and new products and future industries.Commercial farming is a type of farming in which crops are grown for commercial used only. It is a modernized method of farming that is taken on a large scale. For example , tropical plantation agriculture. Monocropping techniques is used on various types of crops such as rubber, oil palm and cocoa. Due to the suitable humidity on tropical climate will support this techniques in producing crops before being exported to industrialized nations. On the other hands, vegetative farming techniques is used in commercialized farming. For instance, the block of cabbage in Cameron Highlands. Its consists of organic farming and soilless culture. Organic farming were involved in crop rotation which can avoid build up of pests and diseases. There were no chemical used. Soilless culture were providing plants with support and a reservoir for nutrients and water. Its have tendency in high production with high quality products. Soilless culture divided into liquid-Medium System and Solid-Medium System. Besides, cultivation of aquatic organisms or known as aquaculture also being used to commercial farming activity. Its consists of mariculture, algaculture, freshwater fish and prawns farming and semi aquatic animals. Furthermore, animal husbandry is the scientific management of animal livestock. Its includes various aspects such as feeding, breeding and disease control. Animal based farming includes cattle, sheep, poultry and fish farming. As the population increases and as living standard increases. Hence, the demand for egg, milk and meat will increases. In addition, farming can help to form a new products and future industries. As new higher value industries can be create due to biotechnology products, natural chemicals from biological resources and utilization of oil palm biomass. Recreational fishery, agroforestry and agrotourism also can be considered.We will get two main downstream process that is food processing and industrial processing. For food processing, we can get juice, burgers, sausage, jelly and etc. For industrial processing, we can get furniture, tires, belts, handbags, and etc

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Hello and Assalamualaikum, I am Muhammad Uzair Bin Mohd Shukri. I am in the first semester in program of Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering with Honors. I am from Kampar,Perak. This is the summary that i had reviewed in the chapter 1.Agriculture is all activities that involve in utilizing the natural resources to produce commodities that will help in maintaining and sustaining life. Modern agriculture has promoted improvisation of methods and the continuation of processing the raw materials obtained to more superior and better products. Modern agriculture also involved specialists in other fields to collaborate in developing better methods and system to produce better yield.Agriculture is important in the world because most nations in the world depend widely in agriculture. Agriculture come to help in underdeveloped countries which have problems related to least crop production and cannot provide enough food for its citizens because food is important to maintain citizens’ health. Industrialized nations utilized agriculture to enhance their raw material production. Agriculture can also maintain socio-political stability of a country, especially in difficult times as today's weather are unexpected and cannot be prevented such as drought in dry nations. Agriculture can pollute our environment in many ways. One of them are by waterways and wetlands. Usage of inorganic fertilizers which contain nitrogen and phosphorus can be absorbed into nearby waterways from soil. Pollution from nitrogen and phosphorus can interrupt biodiversity of plants and animals living in the waterways such fish in the river.There are two types of agriculture practise. One of it is subsistence farming.The characteristics of this farming are low input and low yield, inter-cropping, slash and burn, low external input, enough food to feed family and no surplus to sell or storage for long term. The other one is commercialised farming.  The characteristics of this farming are it is monoculture or combination of a few crops. It will use of high yielding modern varieties, large chemicals input and high use of technology poultry and animal farming and new products and future industries.Commercial farming is a type of farming in which crops are grown for commercial used only. It is a modernized method of farming that is taken on a large scale. For example , tropical plantation agriculture. Monocropping techniques is used on various types of crops such as rubber, oil palm and cocoa. Due to the suitable humidity on tropical climate will support this techniques in producing crops before being exported to industrialized nations. On the other hands, vegetative farming techniques is used in commercialized farming. For instance, the block of cabbage in Cameron Highlands. Its consists of organic farming and soilless culture. Organic farming were involved in crop rotation which can avoid build up of pests and diseases. There were no chemical used. Soilless culture were providing plants with support and a reservoir for nutrients and water. Its have tendency in high production with high quality products. Soilless culture divided into liquid-Medium System and Solid-Medium System. Besides, cultivation of aquatic organisms or known as aquaculture also being used to commercial farming activity. Its consists of mariculture, algaculture, freshwater fish and prawns farming and semi aquatic animals. Furthermore, animal husbandry is the scientific management of animal livestock. Its includes various aspects such as feeding, breeding and disease control. Animal based farming includes cattle, sheep, poultry and fish farming. As the population increases and as living standard increases. Hence, the demand for egg, milk and meat will increases. In addition, farming can help to form a new products and future industries. As new higher value industries can be create due to biotechnology products, natural chemicals from biological resources and utilization of oil palm biomass. Recreational fishery, agroforestry and agrotourism also can be considered.We will get two main downstream process that is food processing and industrial processing. For food processing, we can get juice, burgers, sausage, jelly and etc. For industrial processing, we can get furniture, tires, belts, handbags, and etc

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Assalamualaikum. My name is Mohamad Idham Bin Rosli. I am from Rawang, Selangor. I am a Mechanical Engineering student. The link below is our group's summary for Topic 1.

https://prezi.com/view/6AXd2eHTdORlAgKg2O5I/

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Assalamualaikum Dr. Nik Norasma. I am Muhammad Faris Bin Idrus, a First Year Student in Mechanical Engineering. The link below is the summary my group has created. I was responsible for creating the Prezi slide and the definition & importance of agriculture.

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Introduction & Scope of Modern Agriculture

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Assalamualaikum Dr. , My name is Muhammad Aiman bin Che Muslim. I'm from Kelantan. I'm taking mechinal engineering course. Here is my summary about agriculture TOPIC 1.

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Assalamualaikum. My name is Wan Muhammad Hafiy Bin Wan Salihuddin. I'm 19 years old from Bachok, Kelantan. Here, I'm taking Mechanical Engineering. Here the summary of Topic 1

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Assalamualaikum. My name is Wan Muhammad Hafiy Bin Wan Salihuddin. I'm 19 years old from Bachok, Kelantan. Here, I'm taking Mechanical Engineering. Here the summary of Topic 1

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Assalamualaikum dr. My name is Nur 'Ain binti Rusli. I am from Ampang, Selangor. I'm taking food and process engineering. Here is our group summary for topic 1.

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Assalamualaikum and hello Dr. NIk Norasma . I am Ain Nurfatihah Binti Hakim. I am taking food and process engineering. Here is the summary for topic 1.

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Assalamualaikum and hello Dr. NIk Norasma . I am Ain Nurfatihah Binti Hakim. I am taking food and process engineering. Here is the summary for topic 1.

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Assalamualaikum. My name is Mohd Akram Syazwie Bin Mohd Areff. I Came From Bentong, Pahang. I'm currently take mechanical engineering. This is my summary discussed with my group😊

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Assalamualaikum and a very good evening. My name is Mohamad Fadzlin Adam Bin Md Fadzli and i’m 20 this year. I'm from Kuala Lumpur and i’m a first year student in UPM. I am currently studying in Bachelor Of Mechanical Enginnering. I hope you are happy and satisfied with my first assignment.

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Hi Dr,my name is Muhammad Aqil bin Nasarudin. I came from Kuala Langat,Selangor.I am a Mechanical Engineering student.This is my summary for chapter 1 as discussed with my group.

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Hi Dr,my name is Muhammad Aqil bin Nasarudin. I came from Kuala Langat,Selangor.I am a Mechanical Engineering student.This is my summary for chapter 1 as discussed with my group.

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Agriculture is a combination of  word from latin. Agri (Ager) means field and Culture (Cultura). The definition of agriculture is utilize natural resource systems to produce commodities which maintain life, including food, fiber, forest products, horticultural crops, and their related services.
Agriculture does not only produce raw material, also food and non food product. As an example we can get from oil palm plantation is oil turns to food, pharmaceutical and soap. In modern agriculture there are improvement in agricultural methods and resources. Thus, it also involve specialists such as economist, scientist, engineers, inventors etc.
Few of the importance of agriculture is to Maintain socio-political stability of a country in difficult times. The solution is the need food stock-pile. Second, can provide income such as turn agriculture waste into feeds & fertilizers, oil palm wood, wooden tiles etc.
Despite the advantages there are also disadvantages. Increasing amount of nitrogen and phosphorus and the use of pesticides and other biocides in or near waterways and wet ways can effect the biodiversity of plants and animals
Next, agricultural practices for instances subsistence farming and commercialized farming. Subsistence farming is the most primitive from. Once the solid fertility wanes, the farmers will abandon the land. One of the improvement that have been made is works permanently on the land that has undergone slash & burn cultivation but still poor in nutrients, thus poor yield.
Aquaculture, tropical plantation agriculture, vegetable farming, poultry and animal farming, new products and future industries is one of the commercialized farming. Tropical plantation agriculture is for suitable humid tropical climate. Vegetable farming is a production of vegetables in block or row, open or enclosed and use machinery. Vegetable farming is divided by two which is organic farming and soilless culture. Organic farming involves in crop rotation to avoids build up pest and diseases. Soilless culture is growing vegetables without soil. Soilless culture can be divided to liquid-medium system and solid-medium system. Liquid-medium system is divided by three which is Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), Deep Water culture (DWC) and Aeroponics. Next, Aqua culture is divided by mariculture, algaculture, freshwater fish & prawns farming and semi-aquatic animals. Lastly, Livestock farming is to raising animals in closure or rangeland.

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Assalamualaikum and hello Dr. My name is Ahmad Khairi bin Tausin. I came from Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. I am a Mechanical Engineering student. This is my summary for topic 1 as discussed with my group.

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Assalamualaikum and hello Dr. My name is Ahmad Khairi bin Tausin. I came from Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. I am a Mechanical Engineering student. This is my summary for topic 1 as discussed with my group.

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Agriculture is a combination of  word from latin. Agri (Ager) means field and Culture (Cultura). The definition of agriculture is utilize natural resource systems to produce commodities which maintain life, including food, fiber, forest products, horticultural crops, and their related services.
Agriculture does not only produce raw material, also food and non food product. As an example we can get from oil palm plantation is oil turns to food, pharmaceutical and soap. In modern agriculture there are improvement in agricultural methods and resources. Thus, it also involve specialists such as economist, scientist, engineers, inventors etc.
Few of the importance of agriculture is to Maintain socio-political stability of a country in difficult times. The solution is the need food stock-pile. Second, can provide income such as turn agriculture waste into feeds & fertilizers, oil palm wood, wooden tiles etc.
Despite the advantages there are also disadvantages. Increasing amount of nitrogen and phosphorus and the use of pesticides and other biocides in or near waterways and wet ways can effect the biodiversity of plants and animals
Next, agricultural practices for instances subsistence farming and commercialized farming. Subsistence farming is the most primitive from. Once the solid fertility wanes, the farmers will abandon the land. One of the improvement that have been made is works permanently on the land that has undergone slash & burn cultivation but still poor in nutrients, thus poor yield.
Aquaculture, tropical plantation agriculture, vegetable farming, poultry and animal farming, new products and future industries is one of the commercialized farming. Tropical plantation agriculture is for suitable humid tropical climate. Vegetable farming is a production of vegetables in block or row, open or enclosed and use machinery. Vegetable farming is divided by two which is organic farming and soilless culture. Organic farming involves in crop rotation to avoids build up pest and diseases. Soilless culture is growing vegetables without soil. Soilless culture can be divided to liquid-medium system and solid-medium system. Liquid-medium system is divided by three which is Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), Deep Water culture (DWC) and Aeroponics. Next, Aqua culture is divided by mariculture, algaculture, freshwater fish & prawns farming and semi-aquatic animals. Lastly, Livestock farming is to raising animals in closure or rangeland.

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Hi Dr, I am Yeong Wei Chung, you can call me Yeong. I am from Kedah. I am currently studying Mechanical Engineering. Here is the summary for Chapter 1.

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Hi Dr, I am Yeong Wei Chung, you can call me Yeong. I am from Kedah. I am currently studying Mechanical Engineering. Here is the summary for Chapter 1.

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Assalamualaikum and hi Dr. My name is Nurul Nadzirah binti Yasir. I am from Kulai, Johor. I am from food and process engineering. So here is my summary for chapter 1.

Definition of agriculture is utilization of natural resource systems to produce commodities which maintain life，including food,fiber,forest product,horticultural crops and their related services.Agriculture involves farming such as cultivating soil,producing crops for food,rearing livestock.Agriculture in modern era is a business because it is not only production of raw material,but also food and non-food product.Nowadays,some improvement in agricultural methods and resources is continuing.This is because agriculture is important.It can be a food for survival and income.It can also provide raw materials for industrialized nations and maintain socio-political stability of a country.

Agriculture brings along numerous advantages to us.However,it results to environmental pollution.For example, nitrogen,phosphorus,pesticides and other biocides  pollute waterways and wetlands.Agricultural systems can be divided into two types, that are subsistence farming and commercialised farming.First, subsistence farming provides low yields without surplus for selling whereas commercialised farming provides high yields and the crops are grown for commercial use only.Besides, a large chemicals input is used in commercialised farming while only a low input is used in subsistence farming.Moreover,slash and burn method is utilised in subsistence farming instead of advanced technologies and machineries in commercialised farming.Additionally, subsistence farming involves inter-cropping and yet commercialised farming involves monoculture or combination of a few crops.Commercialised farming
includes aquaculture,tropical plantation agriculture
,vegetable farming,poultry and animal farming.
Tropical plantation agriculture is suitable for humid tropical climate and usually involve monocropping plants while vegetative farming uses machine and is more efficient. The production of vegetative farming is in block or row. Vegetative farming can be divided into two categories which are organic farming and soiless culture. Organic farming uses organic fertilizers and does not use chemicals.
Soilless culture is an artificial means of providing plants with support and a reservoir for nutrients and water. There are two types of soilless culture which is liquid-medium system and solid-medium system. Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), Deep Water Culture (DWC) and aeroponics are example of liquid-medium system where their systems are generally closed circuit with respect to nutrient-solution supply. On the other hand, solid-medium soilless culture may employ any one of many types of suitable media in various types of containers that drains well yet retains some nutrients and water.

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Hi Dr,  I am Wong Chong kang and I come form Sarawak. Dr can just call me Chong. I take mechanical engineering in this university. The file below is the summary of Chapter 1.

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Assalamualaikum Dr. My name is Tan Wan Ying. I am currently studying in Mechanical Engineering. Here is the summary for topic 1. 

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Assalamualaikum Dr. My name is Tan Wan Ying. I am currently studying in Mechanical Engineering. Here is the summary for topic 1. 

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Assalamualaikum Dr Nik NorAsma, My name is Muhammad Nursyahiran Bin Zamaruddin. Im currently studying in Mechanical Of Engineering. Im from Kajang, Selangor. This is the summary for topic 1 that i have done it with my group mates

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Assalamualaikum Dr Nik NorAsma, My name is Muhammad Nursyahiran Bin Zamaruddin. Im currently studying in Mechanical Of Engineering. Im from Kajang, Selangor. This is the summary for topic 1 that i have done it with my group mates

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Agriculture is a combination of  word from latin. Agri (Ager) means field and Culture (Cultura). The definition of agriculture is utilize natural resource systems to produce commodities which maintain life, including food, fiber, forest products, horticultural crops, and their related services.

Agriculture does not only produce raw material, also food and non food product. As an example we can get from oil palm plantation is oil turns to food, pharmaceutical and soap. In modern agriculture there are improvement in agricultural methods and resources. Thus, it also involve specialists such as economist, scientist, engineers, inventors etc.

Few of the importance of agriculture is to Maintain socio-political stability of a country in difficult times. The solution is the need food stock-pile. Second, can provide income such as turn agriculture waste into feeds & fertilizers, oil palm wood, wooden tiles etc.

Despite the advantages there are also disadvantages. Increasing amount of nitrogen and phosphorus and the use of pesticides and other biocides in or near waterways and wet ways can effect the biodiversity of plants and animals

Next, agricultural practices for instances subsistence farming and commercialized farming. Subsistence farming is the most primitive from. Once the solid fertility wanes, the farmers will abandon the land. One of the improvement that have been made is works permanently on the land that has undergone slash & burn cultivation but still poor in nutrients, thus poor yield.

Aquaculture, tropical plantation agriculture, vegetable farming, poultry and animal farming, new products and future industries is one of the commercialized farming. Tropical plantation agriculture is for suitable humid tropical climate. Vegetable farming is a production of vegetables in block or row, open or enclosed and use machinery. Vegetable farming is divided by two which is organic farming and soilless culture. Organic farming involves in crop rotation to avoids build up pest and diseases. Soilless culture is growing vegetables without soil. Soilless culture can be divided to liquid-medium system and solid-medium system. Liquid-medium system is divided by three which is Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), Deep Water culture (DWC) and Aeroponics. Next, Aqua culture is divided by mariculture, algaculture, freshwater fish & prawns farming and semi-aquatic animals. Lastly, Livestock farming is to raising animals in closure or rangeland.

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Assalamualaikum Dr. My name is Nur Dini Nabihah Binti Rosidi . I am from Selangor . I am studying the programme of  Mechanical Engineering . 

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Assalamualaikum Dr. My name is Nur Dini Nabihah Binti Rosidi . I am from Selangor . I am studying the programme of  Mechanical Engineering . 

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Hi and assalamualaikum. My name is Nik Nur Syazwani bt Ab Ghani. I'm student of food and process engineering.

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Good evening ! My name is Lim Chee Chien can call me Lim.I am from Pahang. I am  currently studying Bachelor of Food and Process Engineering. This is the summary Topic 1 Introduction & Scope of Modern Agriculture. Enjoy!!!

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Good evening ! My name is Lim Chee Chien can call me Lim.I am from Pahang. I am  currently studying Bachelor of Food and Process Engineering. This is the summary Topic 1 Introduction & Scope of Modern Agriculture. Enjoy!!!

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Assalamualaikum and hello, Dr Nik Norasma. My name is Nurliyana Syahirah binti Norazli and am currently studying in Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering course. I am from Senawang, Negeri Sembilan.

This is the summary that my groupmate and I had been discussed on.

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Hi! I'm Ng An Qi. You can call me Ng. I come from Kuantan , Pahang. I am studying the programme of Food and Process Engineering.The file attached below is the summary of Chapter 1 Introduction & Scope of Modern Agriculture.Looking forward to the next lecture class.Thank You.

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Hi! I'm Ng An Qi. You can call me Ng. I come from Kuantan , Pahang. I am studying the programme of Food and Process Engineering.The file attached below is the summary of Chapter 1 Introduction & Scope of Modern Agriculture.Looking forward to the next lecture class.Thank You.

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Hello.My name is Siti NurNajihah bt Salahuddin can call me jiha.I'm food and process engineering student. So this is my group summary for topic 1.

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Hello and Assalamualaikum. My name is Nurul Syuhada binti Mohd Fauzi. You can call me Syuhada. I come from Johor Bahru. I am 19 years old and now i'm taking a degree in Food and Process Engineering. My teammates and I already make a summary of Topic 1 as shown in the folder.

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Hi! This is Low Ee Ching also known as Low studying the program of Bachelor of Engineering ( Process & Food ). I'm from Butterworth, Penang. 

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Hi! This is Low Ee Ching also known as Low studying the program of Bachelor of Engineering ( Process & Food ). I'm from Butterworth, Penang. 

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Hi my name is rubania.i live at rawang selangor.im studying in food and proses engineering. After a long discussion, we made our summary

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Assalamualaikum Dr..My name is Nur Aliahusna Binti Izahari.I am from Kampar,Perak.I am studying in Food and Process Engineering.I am 19 years old.I am from Kolej 10.

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Helli Dr. My name is tan khai yen or call me tan. I finished my stpm at perak . I am studying bachelor food and process engineering . My group and i done the mindmap for topic 1.1 till 1.4 .

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Hello,Dr.My name is Loke Hui Peng and you can call me Loke.I'm from Raub,Pahang.The course that I am taking now is Bachelor of Process and Food Engineering.After a discussion with my group members,we came up with the summary below.

Definition of agriculture is utilization of natural resource systems to produce commodities which maintain life，including food,fiber,forest product,horticultural crops and their related services.Agriculture involves farming such as cultivating soil,producing crops for food,rearing livestock.Agriculture in modern era is a business because it is not only production of raw material,but also food and non-food product.Nowadays,some improvement in agricultural methods and resources is continuing.This is because agriculture is important.It can be a food for survival and income.It can also provide raw materials for industrialized nations and maintain socio-political stability of a country.

Agriculture brings along numerous advantages to us.However,it results to environmental pollution.For example, nitrogen,phosphorus,pesticides and other biocides  pollute waterways and wetlands.Agricultural systems can be divided into two types, that are subsistence farming and commercialised farming.First, subsistence farming provides low yields without surplus for selling whereas commercialised farming provides high yields and the crops are grown for commercial use only.Besides, a large chemicals input is used in commercialised farming while only a low input is used in subsistence farming.Moreover,slash and burn method is utilised in subsistence farming instead of advanced technologies and machineries in commercialised farming.Additionally, subsistence farming involves inter-cropping and yet commercialised farming involves monoculture or combination of a few crops.Commercialised farming
includes aquaculture,tropical plantation agriculture
,vegetable farming,poultry and animal farming.

Tropical plantation agriculture is suitable for humid tropical climate and usually involve monocropping plants while vegetative farming uses machine and is more efficient. The production of vegetative farming is in block or row. Vegetative farming can be divided into two categories which are organic farming and soiless culture. Organic farming uses organic fertilizers and does not use chemicals.

Soilless culture is an artificial means of providing plants with support and a reservoir for nutrients and water. There are two types of soilless culture that include liquid-medium system and solid-medium system. Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), Deep Water Culture (DWC) and aeroponics are examples of liquid-medium system where their systems are generally closed circuit with respect to nutrient-solution supply. On the other hand, solid-medium soilless culture may employ any one of many types of suitable media in various types of containers that drains well yet retains some nutrients and water.

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PRT 2008 AGRICULTURE AND MAN

TOPIC 1 SUMMARY

Hello and Assalamualaikum, I am Muhammad Syarifuddin Bin Shahferi. I am in the first semester in program of Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering with Honors. I am from Negeri Sembilan. This is the summary that my group and I had created for the first lecture.

Agriculture is all activities that involve in utilizing the natural resources to produce commodities that will help in maintaining and sustaining life. Modern agriculture has promoted improvisation of methods and the continuation of processing the raw materials obtained to more superior and better products. Modern agriculture also involved specialists in other fields to collaborate in developing better methods and system to produce better yield.

Agriculture is important in the world because most nations in the world depend widely in agriculture. Agriculture come to help in underdeveloped countries which have problems related to least crop production and cannot provide enough food for its citizens because food is important to maintain citizens’ health. Industrialized nations utilized agriculture to enhance their raw material production. Agriculture can also maintain socio-political stability of a country, especially in difficult times as today's weather are unexpected and cannot be prevented such as drought in dry nations.

Agriculture can pollute our environment in many ways. One of them are by waterways and wetlands. Usage of inorganic fertilizers which contain nitrogen and phosphorus can be absorbed into nearby waterways from soil. Pollution from nitrogen and phosphorus can interrupt biodiversity of plants and animals living in the waterways such fish in the river.

There are two types of agriculture practise. One of it is subsistence farming.The characteristics of this farming are low input and low yield, inter-cropping, slash and burn, low external input, enough food to feed family and no surplus to sell or storage for long term. The other one is commercialised farming.  The characteristics of this farming are it is monoculture or combination of a few crops. It will use of high yielding modern varieties, large chemicals input and high use of technology poultry and animal farming and new products and future industries.

Commercial farming is a type of farming in which crops are grown for commercial used only. It is a modernized method of farming that is taken on a large scale. For example , tropical plantation agriculture. Monocropping techniques is used on various types of crops such as rubber, oil palm and cocoa. Due to the suitable humidity on tropical climate will support this techniques in producing crops before being exported to industrialized nations. On the other hands, vegetative farming techniques is used in commercialized farming. For instance, the block of cabbage in Cameron Highlands. Its consists of organic farming and soilless culture. Organic farming were involved in crop rotation which can avoid build up of pests and diseases. There were no chemical used. Soilless culture were providing plants with support and a reservoir for nutrients and water. Its have tendency in high production with high quality products. Soilless culture divided into liquid-Medium System and Solid-Medium System. Besides, cultivation of aquatic organisms or known as aquaculture also being used to commercial farming activity. Its consists of mariculture, algaculture, freshwater fish and prawns farming and semi aquatic animals. Furthermore, animal husbandry is the scientific management of animal livestock. Its includes various aspects such as feeding, breeding and disease control. Animal based farming includes cattle, sheep, poultry and fish farming. As the population increases and as living standard increases. Hence, the demand for egg, milk and meat will increases. In addition, farming can help to form a new products and future industries. As new higher value industries can be create due to biotechnology products, natural chemicals from biological resources and utilization of oil palm biomass. Recreational fishery, agroforestry and agrotourism also can be considered.

We will get two main downstream process that is food processing and industrial processing. For food processing, we can get juice, burgers, sausage, jelly and etc. For industrial processing, we can get furniture, tires, belts, handbags, and etc

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Hello and Assalamualaikum, I am Muhammad Zariff Mirza B Mohamad Zurzain. I am in the first semester in program of Bachelor of Food and Process Engineering with Honors. I am from Shah Alam, Selangor. This is the summary that i had reviewed in the chapter 1.

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Hello and Assalamualaikum, I am Muhammad Zariff Mirza B Mohamad Zurzain. I am in the first semester in program of Bachelor of Food and Process Engineering with Honors. I am from Shah Alam, Selangor. This is the summary that i had reviewed in the chapter 1.

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Assalamualaikum.my name is Nursyazwani Binti Sapian. I am from Pasir Puteh,Kelantan. Can call me wani. Currently im taking course food and process engineering..so here are our group summary.

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Assalamualaikum.my name is Nursyazwani Binti Sapian. I am from Pasir Puteh,Kelantan. Can call me wani. Currently im taking course food and process engineering..so here are our group summary.

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Hello and Assalamualaikum, my name is Amir Aidil Haikal Bin Amirrudin. I am from Terengganu and I’m doing my degree in Food and Process Engineering. This is a summary of what I understood in topic 1

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Hello, everyone. My name is Chan Wan Ying and you all can call me Chan. I am from Johor. I studied in Form Six College of Pontian before this. Now I study in Bachelor of Process and Food Engineering. Nice to meet you all in this course. After discussing with my group members, Wan Ying, Yu Ying and Yit Fei, we had done our summary for topic one. Thank you.

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Hello everyone, my name is Tan Yu Ying. I come from Johor. Here is our efforts. Welcome to have a look at it.

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Hi my name is Pavithren S/O Mailvaganan. I am 19 years old and i come from Kulim, Kedah. Course that I am studying now is Mechanical Engineering. Here my teammates and I done a discussion and summarised about topic 1. The first thing is agriculture defined as utilization of natural resource systems to produce commodities which maintain life, including food, fiber, forest products, horticultural crops and their related services. Besides that, agriculture mainly about farming such as cultivating soil, producing crops for food and rearing livestock. Moreover, agriculture can form commodities like food, fiber, forest products and horticultural crops. In this era, modern agriculture is more implemented and become a big business. It is not for raw materials as well as for food and non-food product. This modern agriculture mainly conducted by specialist in agriculture like economists, scientists, inventors and engineers. The importance of agriculture is developing and industrialised countries produce raw material for industrialized nations. For example, rubber, cocoa, livestock and palm oil. Other than that, agriculture can maintain socio-political stability of a country in difficult times and become an income for a country to earn profit. For instance, agriculture waste into feeds and fertiliser for living and non living things. Furthermore, there is another type of agriculture named subsistence farming. The characteristics of this farming is low input and low yield, inter-cropping, slash and burn, low external input, enough food to feed family and no surplus to sell or storage for long term. The other type is commercialised faming which means by monoculture or combination of a few crops. It will use of high yielding modern varieties, large chemicals input and high use of technology poultry and animal farming and new products and future industries. Then, vegetative farming has two types which are organic farming and soilless culture. The soilless culture also can be divided into liquid-medium system and solid-medium system. Organic farming involves of crop rotation to avoid build up of pests and diseases and helps balance the fertility. Soilless culture provides plants with support and a reservoir for nutrients and water. It is a high production and quality and no soil-borne diseases and weeds. In liquid-medium system there is three types which are Nutrient Film Technique(NFT), Deep Water Culture(DWC) and Aeroponics. In conclusion, this are the summary that my teammates and I discussed.

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Introduction and scope of modern agriculture

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Hello and greetings Dr. My name is DASHVIN A/L RAMICH and I'm from Penang. I am currently pursuing a degree in mechanical engineering here in UPM. My team and I have discussed and come up with this. Hereby, I attached a brief summary of Topic 1.Thank you for taking your time to view it.

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Hello and greetings Dr. My name is DASHVIN A/L RAMICH and I'm from Penang. I am currently pursuing a degree in mechanical engineering here in UPM. My team and I have discussed and come up with this. Hereby, I attached a brief summary of Topic 1.Thank you for taking your time to view it.

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A very good day Dr. My name is Dhanevhwaran A/L Seathuraman. i live in Kulim Kedah and I am taking Bachelor's of Mechanical Engineering. I have attached a summary about topic 1. Thank you

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HI Dr ,My name is LIM WEI KEONG , i come from negeri sembilan and i studied in bachelor of mechanical engineering and my team member as show in the folder

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Hello and Assalamualaikum.My name is Norfazreena Binti Norazham and Dr can call me faz.I’m lived in Klang,Selangor.I am 19 years old and now I am take degree in food process engineering.I and my teammates already make a summary about topic 1.here it is :

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Hello and Assalamualaikum to all, My name is Fazleen Binti Mohd Adil Adzha, you can call me Faz. I am 19 years old and I live in Melaka. I'm in engineering food and process 😙. I want to submit the summary that I've discussed with my groupmates

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Hi my name is chan wen qi.I am 20 years old and I come from Raub Pahang.

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Hi my name is chan wen qi.I am 20 years old and I come from Raub Pahang.

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The contents in this summary tast were discussed by our group members and I.

Definition of agriculture is utilization of natural resource systems to produce commodities which maintain life，including food,fiber,forest product,horticultural crops and their related services.Agriculture involves farming such as cultivating soil,producing crops for food,rearing livestock.Agriculture in modern era is a business because it is not only production of raw material,but also food and non-food product.Nowadays,some improvement in agricultural methods and resources is continuing.This is because agriculture is important.It can be a food for survival and income.It can also provide raw materials for industrialized nations and maintain socio-political stability of a country.

Agriculture brings along numerous advantages to us.However,it results to environmental pollution.For example, nitrogen,phosphorus,pesticides and other biocides  pollute waterways and wetlands.Agricultural systems can be divided into two types, that are subsistence farming and commercialised farming.First, subsistence farming provides low yields without surplus for selling whereas commercialised farming provides high yields and the crops are grown for commercial use only.Besides, a large chemicals input is used in commercialised farming while only a low input is used in subsistence farming.Moreover,slash and burn method is utilised in subsistence farming instead of advanced technologies and machineries in commercialised farming.Additionally, subsistence farming involves inter-cropping and yet commercialised farming involves monoculture or combination of a few crops.Commercialised farming
includes aquaculture,tropical plantation agriculture
,vegetable farming,poultry and animal farming.

Tropical plantation agriculture is suitable for humid tropical climate and usually involve monocropping plants while vegetative farming uses machine and is more efficient. The production of vegetative farming is in block or row. Vegetative farming can be divided into two categories which are organic farming and soiless culture. Organic farming uses organic fertilizers and does not use chemicals.

Soilless culture is an artificial means of providing plants with support and a reservoir for nutrients and water. There are two types of soilless culture which is liquid-medium system and solid-medium system. Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), Deep Water Culture (DWC) and aeroponics are example of liquid-medium system where their systems are generally closed circuit with respect to nutrient-solution supply. On the other hand, solid-medium soilless culture may employ any one of many types of suitable media in various types of containers that drains well yet retains some nutrients and water.

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Hi, assalamualaikum Dr. My name is Norsyafiqah Azwani Binti Abdul Halim. Im from Kuala Lipis, Pahang.  My course is food and process engineering. Im 20 years old.

Here is my teammate and i discussion of conclusion for topic 1.

The utilisation of natural resource systems to produce commodities that will maintain life is called agriculture which involves farming, art and science that provide protein sources as food for human use. The process of producing food and non-food product is a modern type of agriculture that can be used in many food products and other industrial products. Agriculture has shown worldwide improvement in the production and input of appropriate soyrces in terms of production including scientists, inventors, engineers, chemists and economists.

In chemical nutrient solutions, high value plants have been grown using traditional agricultural practices called hydroponics.

Nowadays, agriculture is very important in the industry as it provides the raw materials such as rubber and oil palm to produce major products such as tires and cooking oil.

AGRICULTURAL PROVIDES INCOME
- Agricultural makes its contribution to economic development in following ways :
1) by providing food and raw materials to non-agricultural sector.
2) earning valuable foreign exchange through the export of agricultural products.

SOCIO-POLITICAL STABILITY
- Conflict can disrupt the supply and distribution of inputs and outputs, create price shock and cause massive displacement of labour.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
- -High level of nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers, manure and animal waste in surface   waters give to eutrophication which depletes dissolved oxygen, killing fish and other aquatic life

AGRICULTURAL PROCESS

Characteristics ;
- low input and low yield
- inter-cropping
- slash and burn (nomadic)
- low extent input
- enough food to feed family
- no surplus to sell or storage for long term

SYSTEMS
SUBSISTENCE FARMING COMMERCIALISED FARMING
Characteristics :
- monoculture or combination of a few crops
- use of high yielding modern varieties
- large chemical input (pesticideand fertilizers)
- high use of technology and machine

Commercialized farming;
▪aquaculture
▪tropical plantation agriculture
▪vegetable farming
▪poultry and animal farming
▪new product and future industries

COMMERCIALIZED FARMING
1) Aquaculture
2) tropical plantstion agriculture
3) vegetable farming
4) poultry and animal farming
5) new product and future industries

1) tropical plantation agriculture
- rubber, oil palm, cocoa, coffee, coconut and others

2) vegetable farming
-production in block and row
-planted in open or enclosed area
-mostly performed by machine

Vegetative farming divided by two;

a) Organic farming
-no chemical used
-depends on natural enemies
-organic fertilizers

b) Soilles culture
-grown without soil
-high production
-controlled environment

Types of soilless culture
Nutrient film technicque

grown in channel, nutirent solution pumped           constantly

In liquid medium system which is deep water culture  and aeroponics. Deep water culture is about plant's root are suspended in a well oxygent solution composed water and nutirents  and aeroponics is its suspended in air and sorayed with a nutirent. Second is solid medium system which is employ olants in various type of container.

In commercialized farming, aquaculture is cultivation of aquatic organisms such as matriculture and algaculture.

Forth, poultry and animal farming. Its about livestock farming for long time in future such as build shelters for duck, chicken or others.

Last, new product and future industries. Its to create new higher value industries from plants and animals . We can get product from food or industrial processing such as burger, juice, furniture, belts or others.

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Hai,Assalamualaikum Dr.Nik Norasma Che'Ya.My name is Nisa Athirah Binti Roslan from Mechanical Engineering students .I come from Jerantut,Pahang.I am from group 8 for Agriculture and Man course. Here i want to submit the first task that i discussed together with my team members .
Name: Nisa Athirah Binti Roslan
Matrix Number : 203228

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Topic: Introduction and scope of modern agriculture

Task:

1)     Read the lecture notes for topic 1

2)     In groups, Make a summary on the topic, you may also use other materials for your reading related to the topic.

3)     Write it up and upload your summary in Padlet (Individually).
4) Please introduce yourself first then you can start summary in a short way.