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Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2015). Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyberbullying. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.

Marshall, T.H. (1950). Citizenship and social class: and other essays. Cambridge, MA: University Press.

Ohler, J. (2010). Digital community: Digital Citizen. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.

Ribble, M. (2015). Digital citizenship in schools: Nine elements all students should know. (3rd ed.). Eugene, OR: International Society for Technology.

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Online shopping is quickly becoming Americans' favorite way to shop. Depending on where you live, it may be the only option for some goods and services. The Internet also allows everyone to become an online business, even if they don't have a physical storefront. Understanding digital commerce will help you keep all online business transactions positive (and legal!), whether you're the buyer or the seller.

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Communicating online can be confusing. Along with all the new technology comes a huge vocabulary of new words and concepts that didn't exist just a few years ago. Just as knowing the right terminology can help you cook a meal from a recipe, or even talk to your car mechanic, learning the vocabulary and concepts of the digital world can help you navigate technology.

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Technology changes so fast, it's difficult to keep up. Just think about how much it has changed in the last 5 years! While it can be overwhelming to try to keep up with technology in such a rapidly-changing environment, staying informed will ensure you know how to use technology appropriately, which will make it easier to protect yourself and others from digital threats.

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Because the Internet allows for transactions aren't face-to-face, it's hard to know who you're conducting business with, especially since there are so many apps and websites that allow person-to-person sales online.  In fact, you don't even have to perform a transaction to get ripped-off online. Hackers can access your data before you even know you've been hit. Knowing how to keep your data safe online and how to protect yourself while making online transactions is a must!

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Did you know you can get addicted to technology? Digital addiction is real, and can cause a lot of problems. Aside from that, too much time in front of screens can affect almost every part of our physical health. Staying informed about the effects of technology on our minds and bodies is vital to staying well in the digital age.

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With rights come responsibilities, and it's especially true to know what those are online. From User Agreements to online shopping, there are numerous topics to learn about to keep your internet experiences safe and fair.

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The Internet isn't that new, but laws change slowly, and are just catching up to the way we create and share information online. Just as it's important to stay informed about laws in our physical world (such as laws that govern things like driving and taxes) it's important to stay informed about the way we share information online. One example is Copyright Law. Because the Internet makes it so easy to download, edit, and share content, it is really easy to get into a lot of trouble unless you have a functioning (and constantly updated) understanding of Copyright law.

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Digital access used to be a luxury.  Only the wealthy had computers and internet access.  Now it's a necessity to be a productive, informed member of society.  Currently, digital access is under attack by the FCC's decision to end Net Neutrality.  This could cause major problems for those who do not have the money to afford extra fees just to access internet content. We must protect digital access for everyone -- it is a social justice issue!

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You wouldn't just walk up to someone you've never met and punch them in the nose, would you? Our societal norms and laws both say that that would be a bad idea (never mind the fact that that person might punch you back!)   But the Internet is a tricky place.  Because people interact anonymously, or hidden behind fake identities, they often behave in ways that don't exactly match the rules of society.  This creates a lot of problems, including cyberbullying and fraud.  We've all experienced internet "Trolls" and negative online interactions. While many of these situations aren't illegal, more and more online crimes are being handled through the legal system.  Good digital etiquette ensures that your communication stays positive and productive -- and that you don't run afoul of any laws or norms.  It's best to learn and use good digital etiquette, and model it for others.

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Digital Rights & Responsibilities
Digital Health & Wellness
Digital Security

It is also important to take an active role in knowing our rights & responsibilities, knowing how digital use can affect our health, and how to stay safe from online threats.  By being proactive, we can stay safe and healthy online.

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Digital Literacy
Digital Communication
Digital Commerce

It is our responsibility to educate ourselves about how to use the Internet and tools to work, communicate, conduct business, and play.  With so many changes happening, it requires some effort to stay educated, but doing so is part of being a good digital citizen.  Staying in the know will help you uphold all 3 principles of Digital Citizenship.

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Digital Etiquette
Digital Access
Digital Law

These concepts all have to do with showing respect to others in the way we use our online spaces, but also understanding the laws associated with online content and issues of having access to the Internet. Though many of us take that access for granted, there are just as many who do not have access, and as we become more reliant on the Internet to socialize, work, and conduct transactions, it becomes increasingly important to ensure access for all.

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Ribble combined those 9 Elements into 3 Principles:

Respect, Educate, & Protect

These 3 principles each apply to self and others.

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According to author Mike Ribble, there are 9 Elements of Digital Citizenship.  They are:

Digital Access
Digital Etiquette
Digital Commerce
Digital Communication
Digital Literacy
Digital Law
Digital Rights & Responsibilities
Digital Health & Wellness,
and Digital Security