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The recommendation section should include your choice of one of your listed options. In this section, you should clearly state which option is recommended and why. If there are any negative aspects of the option, actions to alleviate these issues should be included.

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1. What is the difference between the rational model and political model?
a) The political model is focused on problems, policies, and politics
b) The rational model bases decisions on reason and science rather than politics
c) The political model takes into consideration the possible problems that can yield from the solution
d) all of the above
2. The only purpose of a policy analysis is to recommend how to address a problem.
a) true
b) false
3. All options must be original and thought of by you.
a) true
b) false
4. In which section are the key stakeholders listed?
a) Background
b) Landscape
c) Problem statement
d) Options
5. The problem statement cannot be broad and must be narrow.
a) true
b) false

Answers: (1) D (2) B (3) B (4) B (5) B

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The options section presents the audience with alternatives of action.
Important Factors:
Identifying Options
- You may find options that have already been suggested, through the media or scholarly articles, or you can develop new options
- Options should take your audience's values and power into consideration.
- Options should differ from each other and directly address the issue.
Assessing Options
- Should include a list of the advantages and disadvantages of each option
- Should include uniform analysis of all options

Side-by-Side Tables
- Side-by-side tables, either descriptive or analytic, may be utilized to evaluate options.

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The landscape section identifies key stakeholders and their factors of interest.
Important Factors:
Identifying Key Stakeholders

- Key stakeholders include anyone who has an interest in the problem.

- You may not be able to identify every stakeholder, but must recognize those whose concerns must be understood before an educated decision is made.

Identifying Key Factors
- Key factors include the positions and concerns of the stakeholders.
- Factors are utilized to analyze the position of the stakeholder.
- Factors can include, but are not limited to, political, economic, practical, and legal factors.
- Each factor should be presented with explanation.
- Tone should be fair and impartial.

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"An analysis that provides informed advice to a client that related to a public policy decision, includes a recommended course of action/inaction, and is framed by the client's powers and values" (Teitelbaum & Wilensky, 2015, pp. 277).

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The Rational Model:
Bases policy decisions on reason and science rather than politics.
The person making the decision will view the analysis with politics in consideration.
Only refers to one cycle of problems as an event with a start and finish.
The Political Model:
Occurs through the separate development of problems, policies, and politics, which come together when the problem is at the height of the agenda, solutions are feasible, and political mood yields change.
Problem- issue is defined
Policy- solutions are identified
Politics- refers to the political mood
Considers the ongoing policy analysis cycle where the solution to one problem often unintentionally creates other problems (Teitelbaum & Wilensky, 2015).

Juliette Forstenzer Espinosa, MA, JD, LLM, 2016, offers the following description:

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1. To recommend how to address a problem.
2. Helps understand the problem by providing information.
3. Use as a tool to advise stakeholders of problem.
3. Allows for the distribution of ideas and disputes.
4. Use as a tool to educate and convince supporters, adversaries, the media, and the general public.
5. Benefits the person developing the policy analysis by helping develop critical thinking and problem solving skills.

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Reigelman, 2007, offers this description of the 5 step structure of a policy analysis:

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The background section identifies why the problem is important and needs to be presently addressed.
Important Factors:
Should be considerate of your audience.
-if your audience is less knowledgeable about the topic, the background should include general information as well.
Should include enough information necessary to evaluate the options you provide.
- This section should give your audience the complete account of the problem, not just the information that supports your recommendation.
Information should be factual
- The background section should not include any tone of argument.

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Espinosa, J. (2016). Introduction to health policy analysis [PowerPoint]. Retrieved from http://slideplayer.com/slide/11699581/

Teitelbaum, J., and Wilensky, S. (2015). Essentials of Health Policy and Law. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Reigelman, R. (2007). Chapter 10: The art of structuring and writing a health policy analysis [PowerPoint]. Retrieved from http://slideplayer.com/slide/8690747/

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The problem statement identifies the problem you will be analyzing. This section will frame the problem and can win or lose the audience.
Important Factors:
Should have the ability to manage the analysis

- Can be broad or narrow, but should not be vague. If the problem statement is too vague, the scope of the analysis will not be manageable.

The problem statement should NOT include the recommendation

- The problem statement should identify the issue, not the solution.

-  If the solution is recommendation is mentioned, the analysis is not necessary.

- If the problem statement only yields one possible solution, the problem statement has not been worded correctly.