# data[].attributes.body
sofia and eileen
Subtopic question:
Why did Prohibition cause such a large amount of crime related activity?
-"In 1917, after the United States entered World War l, President Woodrow Wilson
-28th president of the United States
-Claimed entrance into World War I
-Served in office from 1913 to 1921
instituted a temporary wartime prohibition in order to save grain for producing food. That same year, Congress submitted the 18th Amendment, which banned the manufacture, transportation and sale of intoxicating liquors, for state ratification."
-National prohibition of alcohol (1920–33) — the “noble experiment” — was undertaken to reduce crime and corruption, solve social problems, reduce the tax burden created by prisons and poorhouses, and improve health and hygiene in America.
-Prohibition led to a rise in crime. That included violent forms such as murder. During the first year of Prohibition the number of crimes committed in 30 major cities in the U.S. increased 24%. Arrests for drunkenness and disorderly conduct increased 21%.
-The most notorious example was the Chicago gangster Al Capone, who earned a staggering $60 million annually from bootleg operations and speakeasies. Such illegal operations fueled a corresponding rise in gang violence, including the Valentine's Day massacre in Chicago in 1929, in which several men dressed as policemen (and believed to be have associated with Capone) shot and killed a group of men in an enemy gang.
-"FDR’s victory meant the end for Prohibition, and in February 1933 Congress adopted a resolution proposing a 21st Amendment to the constitution that would repeal the 18th. The amendment was submitted to the states, and in December 1933 Utah provided the 36th and final necessary vote for ratification. Though a few states continued to prohibit alcohol after Prohibition ended, all had abandoned the ban by 1966."
-In the United States an early wave of movements for state and local prohibition arose from the intensive religious revivalism of the 1820s and ’30s, which stimulated movements toward perfectionism in human beings, including temperance and abolitionism. Although an abstinence pledge had been introduced by churches as early as 1800, the earliest temperance organizations seem to have been those founded at Saratoga, New York, in 1808 and in Massachusetts in 1813. The movement spread rapidly under the influence of the churches; by 1833 there were 6,000 local societies in several U.S. states.
Why prohibition in the U.S. began and the law itself?
Prohibition in the United States was a constitutional ban on alcoholic beverages. The ban was supposed to stop problems due to alcohol such as, "alcoholism,  family violence, and saloon-based political corruption...Prohibition supporters also known as 'drys', presented it as a battle for public morals and health." (Prohibition in the United States)
citations for both sources:
History.com Editors. “Prohibition.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 29 Oct. 2009, www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/prohibition#:~:text=10 Images-,Passage of the
Prohibition Amendment,save grain for producing food.
Prohibition in the United States https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Prohibition.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 20 Nov. 2019, www.britannica.com/event/Prohibition-United-States-history-1920-1933.

# data[].attributes.body
Ali
Subtopic question: Why did prohibition fail?
Cited Sources: https://w0ww.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/alcohol-prohibition-was-failure
https://www.history.com/news/the-night-prohibition-ended
http://werehistory.org/why-prohibition-failed/
prohibition/#:~:text=Prohibition%20led%20to%20a%20rise,and%20disorderly%20conduct%20increased%2021%25.

Background Information:
The iron law of prohibition is a term that talks about the fact that the harder you try to enforce prohibition the more the creases and more potent forms of alcohol are produced.
Although all alcohol prices increased, the price of beer significantly increased  and that pushed people to consume more "spirits."
Having no production standards lead to the fact anybody was able to make alcohol and sell it in the black market. The number of people poisoned by liquor rose throughout the US. In just over 5 years it went from  4,154 as compared to 1,064. `that was due to people using pure alcohol(moonlight)
prohibition increased the rate of crime by "24%" in thirty major states and it also leads to violent crimes like murder.

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Izzie Frinzi and Creed Grams

Subtopic question:
"What " bootlegging" and "speakeasies" were,  and who operated businesses" ?

Cited Sources:
http://prohibition.themobmuseum.org/the-history/the-prohibition-underworld/the-speakeasies-of-the-1920s/
http://www.clipsandfootage.com/contac... - This video, will talk more about prohibition in the 1920's, and goes into more detail. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rum-running

Background Information: Bootlegging as also called Rum running are an illegal business for transferring drugs and alcohol.
The term- Rum Running  is more applied to smuggling over water.
When Prohibition took effect on January 17, 1920, many thousands of formerly legal saloons across the country catering only to men closed down. People wanting to drink had to buy liquor from licensed druggists for “medicinal” purposes, clergymen for “religious” reasons or illegal sellers known as bootleggers. Another option was to enter private, unlicensed barrooms, nicknamed “speakeasies” for how low you had to speak the “password” to gain entry so as not to be overheard by law enforcement. so that when the bootlegging and speakeasies was born. the result of this was a huge major and a very permanent shift in American social life. The illicit bars but they refers it to known as “blind pigs” and “gin joints,” multiplied, especially in urban areas. They've also ranged it in many areas like fancy clubs with jazz bands and ballroom dance floors to dingy backrooms, basements and rooms inside apartments. Near the end of the Prohibition Era, the prevalence of speakeasies, the brutality of organized criminal gangs vying to control the liquor racket, the unemployment and need for tax revenue that followed the market crash on Wall Street.  In 1929, all contributed to America’s wariness about the 18th Amendment so that they have been a lot of that happening on wall street like that Leonardo DiCaprio movie. With its repeal via the 21st Amendment in 1933 came an end to the carefree speakeasy and the beginning of licensed barrooms, far lower in number, where liquor is subject to federal regulation and taxes. Some Prohibition-Era speakeasies required more than a password – they issued membership cards used to identify the bearer as a true, and maybe dues-paying member. This 1927 program for the Cotton Club, New York’s foremost nightclub and speakeasy during Prohibition and many years beyond it, advertised Cab Calloway and his orchestra. The program shows that the club, featuring African-American performers, catered to a wealthy white crowd.