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Establishment

New England was not the only destination sought by those fleeing religious persecution. In 1632, CECELIUS "CECIL" CALVERT, known as LORD BALTIMORE, was granted possession of all land lying between the POTOMAC RIVER and the CHESAPEAKE BAY. The colony would be named Maryland in honor of King Charles’ wife Queen Henrietta Maria.

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Calvert Family Banner

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Lord Baltimore saw this as an opportunity to grant religious freedom to the Catholics who remained in Anglican England. Although outright violence was more a part of the 1500s than the 1600s, Catholics were still a persecuted minority in the seventeenth century. For example, Catholics were not even permitted to be legally married by a Catholic priest. Baltimore thought that his New World possession could serve as a refuge. At the same time, he hoped to turn a financial profit from the venture.

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Since the Lord of Baltimore wanted people to live in his country, he had to agree to let those that live there have freedom of religion. This law was called the Act of Toleration. But, with this Act of Toleration, there was a catch. If you did not believe in Jesus, you were killed and persecuted. So, any Christianity denomination could live there. But, it was still hard for Catholics in a Catholic country, so laws were made to protect Catholics in society.

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Government/Governed

Lord Baltimore created a government where he made the laws with the consent of the freemen landowners in the colony. The government was called a legislative assembly. It was created to consent to the laws passed by the governor. There were two houses: one of the freemen and the second consisted of the governor and his council.

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In the economy, there was an extreme demand for the cash crop tobacco, but Maryland also grew fruit, vegetables, grains, and livestock. Since there was an increased demand for tobacco in Europe, a law was passed to require all farmers to grow corn to ensure there is no starvation.

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Colonist in colonial Maryland grew their own food along with growing three major cash crops: tobacco, rice, and indigo. They raised a variety of fruits, vegetables, grains, and livestock, the cash crop was tobacco, or nicotiana, which soon came to dominate the provincial economy.These were grown on plantations that were worked by slaves and indentured servants.The colony sold to buyers in England and elsewhere in America. Plantations kept people widely separate which prevented the growth of many towns. Colonial Maryland was almost entirely agricultural.

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In Colonial Maryland, women were scarce and in so being they were protected which contributed to the image of a frail body. The few women who came to America did so as indentured servants. However, they were far from being frail. they endured rough seas, surly sailors and terrible living conditions. Colonial women who survived the journey were exposed to new diseases which killed off many more. The work they did in the plantations, cooing, washing clothes, making soap, etc. was hard and strenuous work. Many Colonial women worked tobacco which was even more physically demanding. Indentured servants were poorly fed, poorly clothed and overworked which gave those women a frail weak body adding to the frail image of women.

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Slavery in Maryland lasted around 200 years, from its beginnings in 1642 when the first Africans were brought as slaves to St. Mary's City, Maryland, to the final elimination of slavery in 1864 during the penultimate year of the American Civil War. Initially, Maryland colonists developed the use of slaves in ways similar to neighboring Virginia. The early settlements and population centers of the province tended to cluster around the rivers and other waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. By the 18th century, Maryland had developed into a plantation colony and slave society, requiring vast numbers of field hands for the labor-intensive commodity crop of tobacco. In 1700, the province had a population of about 25,000, and by 1750 that number had grown more than 5 times to 130,000.During the American Civil War, fought primarily over the issue of slavery, Maryland remained in the Union, though many of her citizens (and virtually all of her slaveholders) held strong sympathies toward the rebel Confederate States. As a Union border state, Maryland was not included in President Lincoln's 1863 Emancipation Proclamation, which declared all slaves in Southern Confederate states to be free. The following year, Maryland held a constitutional convention. A new state constitution was passed on November 1, 1864, and Article 24 prohibited the practice of slavery.

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Initially, people came over as indentured servants for 5 to 7 years to become debt free. They would work in turn for freedom, quarters, and food. Later, they would acquire their own piece of land in the future. But, as time progressed, their services were not needed when slaves were introduced.

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With tribes such as the Nanticoke, Choptank, Accohannock, and other Algonquian tribes, welcomed settlers with land they were leaving from due to the wars they had with other tribes. Over time, their relations became worse. The Europeans would cheat the Natives of their land, and even burn down their towns to scare them into moving. They managed to move numerous tribes out, or they died in battle, or disease. Yet, some like the Choptank and Nanticoke survived on reservations near Chesapeake Bay.

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Trade in the Maryland Colony used the natural resources and raw materials available to develop trade in Tobacco, cotton, rice, indigo (dye), lumber, furs, farm products. Maryland were also involved in the iron industry and shipbuilding. Their plantations produced rice, indigo and tobacco. The trade cities that emerged in Maryland were Annapolis and Baltimore. The geography of the Southern Colonies featured fertile soil, hilly coastal plains, forests, long rivers and swamp areas. The natural resources available for trade in the Southern Colonies included Fish, forests (timber) and good agricultural land, farming on plantations was important. Clothing, furniture, tools, silver, books, some foodstuffs, leather goods, sugar, molasses, weapons and slaves were things they imported to survive in America. But, they were being taxed highly for such goods.

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In 1608, Captain John Smith thought there was “no place more perfect for man’s habitation” than the Chesapeake Bay.

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In 1608, Captain John Smith thought there was “no place more perfect for man’s habitation” than the Chesapeake Bay.

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https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-settlement-of-maryland

https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=67343159

http://www.ushistory.org/us/5a.asp

http://lillianlemacolonialmaryland.weebly.com/agriculture.html

http://thehistoryjunkie.com/maryland-colony-facts/

http://www.ashevillelist.com/history/colonial-maryland.htm

http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2008/06/native-americans-of-maryland.html

https://www.landofthebrave.info/trade-in-the-colonies.htm