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Location
Place
Human-environment interaction
Movement
Region

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Maps
Cartography
Global position system
Five themes of geography

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A place describes human and physical characteristics of a location

A region are areas that have something in common it can be formal or functional. Formal is an area in which a certain characteristic that depend upon their surroundings. Functional have one central place and is surrounded by the areas it affects.

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Absolute location: is found by using latitude and longitude
Relative: relating it to nearby features

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Longitude: goes from east to west on the meridian
Latitude: goes from north to south on the equator

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Is a set of measurements from a graph

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Biosphere
Atmosphere
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere

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Rotation: rotates on its own axis
Revolution: rotates around the sun and takes 1 year

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Weather: short period
Climate: long period

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El Nino: Is the warming of weather in the pacific ocean. They occur yearly and cause heatwaves.
La Nina: Is the cooling of water in the Pacific ocean widespread changes in weather.

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They are light rays that hit the earth in an angle are called indirect rays.
Direct rays are rays but they are warmer.

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height above a given level

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A occurring community of a major habitat.

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Convergent: 2 plates coming  closer together
Divergent: 2 plates going the opposite direction.
Transform: 2 plates moving slide past each other.

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Erosion: when wind water move soil , rocks, or other materials.
Weathering: breaks down materials
Deposition: build up materials

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A zone around the rim of the pacific ocean with vast amount active volcanoes.

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A continental lithosphere plate

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a fault is fracture in te earth's crust

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when one plate is subducting downwards

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Renewable: you can use resourses repeatedly
Non-renewable: you can only use them once and can't be used again

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changes you have to make in order to survive

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to maintain or to be in a ceratin level

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a negative effect on human or the environment

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seismograph: is a a tool to measure  and record earthquakes
richter scale: record the magnitude of an earthquake

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spreading of a culture

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Dictatorship
Monarchy
republic
Theocracy
democratic republic
Democracy
totalitarianism

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new ideas spread to other parts of the world.

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they are the values, belives, norms of society

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Developed vs. Developing Nations vs. Newly Industrilized

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Developed vs. Developing Nations vs. Newly Industrilized

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Developed: countries that are most industrtilized higher capita
Developing: is more of a country seeking for economic and social
Newly Industrilized: emerging economies moving from less developed to more developed Ex.)China Thailand

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Pull: why people migrate to another place (positive
Push: why people left their home (negative)

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data relating to the population and particular groups in it

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A measure of population per unit area

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a graph that shows the distrubution of various age groups in population

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the material confort available to a person or community

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Cottage Industry vs. Commercial Industry 

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Cottage Industry vs. Commercial Industry 

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Cottage industry: home based
Commercial Industry: large scale (factory)

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primary: agricultural and mining
secondary: manufacturing
tertiary: services
Quaternary: manegment and information processing

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coming to live permantly in a foreign county

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is a political policy of promoting the interests of native inhabitants against those immagrants.

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Urban: characteristics of city or town
Rural: realting characteristics of the countryside rather than the town
Suburb: an oulying district of a city, especially a residential one

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a person who is forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster

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an account or survey of a population. recording various details of individuals

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an area where vegetation has been lost and soil reduced to dust and eroded, especially as a cosequence of drought or unsuitable farming practice.

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It was a wall protecting New Orleans and Louisiana passage due to the Hurricane Katrina thats causes leeves and floods.

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started in 1862 during the westward expansion. granting 160 acres of land.

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Its a railroad that connected diffrent oceans or continents.

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Ellis Island: An Island where twelve million immigrants entered the United States located in New York
Angel Island: It was an immigration station located in San Francisco

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Irish immigrants moved to U.S beacuse of crop failure

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Rust Belt: a region in the United States in the Midwest where there was no industries around the 1980
Sun Belt: A place where they recieve a lot of sunshine

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An official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offenses

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An over populated city or ubran complex

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A member of a self- contained communities

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a major economic activity of moving herd of cattle

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A person of mixed European and black descent

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A part of region that produces for the rest of it

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Manual work or workers, particularly   in a industry

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connectd to the sea realting to seafaring commercial or military activity

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exchange of of goods between two nations promoting trade and investment

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A North American trade treaty between Canada, Mexico, United States

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is a cold, low-salinity ocean current in Perualong the western coast of South America .

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Country surrounded by land; having no coast line or seaport.

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A state with long, narrow extended territory

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are tropical regions which indicate specific patterns of elevated growth in Latin America countries. There's tierra caliente, tierra templada, and tierra fria.

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Nahuatl : member of a group of people native to southern Mexico and Central America including the aztecs
Quechua : A member of an American Indian people of Peru parts of Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador

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Aztecs: member of the American Indian people dominant in Mexico before Spanish conquest of he 16th Century
Incas: largest  empire of Colombian American located in Cusco modern-day Peru
Mayan: A civilization developed by the maya people they are pre-Columbian Americans
Arawaks: member of people originally of the Great Antilles and adjacent South America mainly living in Guina

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Mestizo: a man of a mixed race, especially the offspring of the spaniards and an American indian.
Mulatto: a person of mixed white and black ancestry, especially a person with one white and one black parent

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Haciendas: a large estate or plantation with a dwelling house
Plantation: an estate which crops such as coffee, sugar, and tabaco are cultivate by residents labor

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a factory in Mexico run by a foreign company and exporting its products to the country of that company.

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There was no slavery or serfdom thse who had debts, native wage workers, or peasants, were essentially debt-slaves to the landowners

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PRI: (Partido Revolutionario Institicional )is a political party in Mexico found in 1929
PAN: (Partido Accion National) found in 1939

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was a large Mexican city state in what is now the center of Mexico city founded in June 20, 1325

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Right wing: is a more conservative and generally traditional
Left wing: generally a more liberal and foward moving ideology whereas.

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most archaeologissts belive that the inca emperor Pachacuti reefered to it as "lost city of the Incas"

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a cowboy of the South American pampas.

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agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other late 15th-century voyagers.

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is a festival held every year before Lent and considered the biggest in the world with two million people per day on the streets

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Caudillos: a type of personalist leader wielding military and political power.
La Junta :The Government Junta of Chile

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a revised peace agreement between Colombia's largest rebel group, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia

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former Vice President and powerful Socialist Party official with ties to the armed forces, who had been widely considered a top candidate to be Chávez's successor

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a member of a small independent group taking part in irregular fighting, typically against larger regular forces

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Cuban communist revolutionary and politician who governed the Republic of Cuba as Prime Minister