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2. Find the time period of their work
3. Culture/ Back ground
4. Ideas about matter
5. Diagram / figure if possible
6. any video to add on (2-3 minutes)

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Unclear, 6th – 2nd century BCE, 600 BCE

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Maharshi Kanada was ancient Indian scientist. Who founded a school and pioneered: atomic theory, described dimension, motion, chemical reactions of atoms. He founded the Vaisheshika school of Indian philosophy.

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Lived from 624 BC – c. 546 BC

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Lived from 1743-1794
Notable Scientific work from 1764 to 1778

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Antoine Lavoisier was born in a wealthy family in Paris around 1743. As a youth he exhibited an unusual studiousness and concern for the public good. As he was a law student, he studied chemistry and physics for three years. He also was continuously taught by leading naturalists. However, as a law student he preferred to pursue his scientific research around the year of 1768. This gave him admission to France's foremost natural philosophy society, the Academy of Science in Paris. He then continued his study, which led into his ideas about matter
.

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He discovered that even though matter changes its shape or form, the mass always stays the same, therefore founding the Law of Conservation of Mass (matter can't be created or destroyed). He discovered the role oxygen plays in combustion. He opposed the phlogiston theory - objects that burn contain a substance call phlogiston that is released during burning. Lavoiser found that the fact that an object weighs more after it has burned speaks against this. He cam up with the idea that the objects absorb a gas from the surroundings, thus discovering oxygen. Lavoisier wrote the first extensive list of elements, and helped to reform chemical nomenclature.

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First known person to use natural explanations for natural phenomena rather than turning to supernatural world. This was a giant step as it was previously thought that supernatural forces determined almost everything.

He is sometimes referred to as the “father of science” although usually references Democritus, another who formulated the atomic theory that states that all matter is composed of particles called atoms.

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John Dalton was a chemist who is well known for developing modern atomic theory. He was born on the 6 th of September 1766 in Eaglesfield, England.  He started his career with studying the nature of red-green colour blindness, also being the first scientist to study this. During his later ages, around 1803, he revealed his study and explained the Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures, which is also called Dalton's law of partial pressures. In the 1800s, he was in the study of the behaviour of atoms in terms of measurement of weight; he was the first scientist to study this and explain. He unfortunately died on the 26 th of July in 1844 in Manchester, England, due to stroke.

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3. Aristotle was an Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist who is still considered one of the greatest thinkers in politics, psychology and ethics. When Aristotle turned 17, he enrolled in Plato's Academy. In 338, he began tutoring Alexander the Great. In 335, Aristotle founded his own school, the Lyceum, in Athens, where he spent most of the rest of his life studying, teaching and writing. Some of his most notable works include Nichomachean Ethics, Politics, Metaphysics, Poetics and Prior Analytics.

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According to ancient reports, Democritues was born in around 460 BCE and was a citizen of Abdera. Democritis, also known as the 'laughing philosopher', because of how he valued cheerfulness, was one of the two founders of the ancient atomist theory. The work of Democritus is mostly only found in second hand reports that are seen by many as unreliable. Most of the best and most reliable evidence of his work, was reported by Aristotle.  Democritus seems to have taken over and changed the views of Leucippus, his mentor/teacher, of whom little is known.

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born in the city of Miletus, an Ancient Greek city on the western coast of Asia known today as Turkey

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He came up with the idea that an atom was an indestructible form of matter. He called the indivisible matter anu or atom. He also introduced the idea that atoms could be combined in various ways in many different ways to produce chemical change.

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He was born 460 BC and died in 370 BC

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John Dalton is the father of the modern atomic theory
Dalton's Atomic Theory

1) All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible.

2) All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties

3) Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms.

4) A chemical reaction is a rearrangementof atoms.

The units of atomic mass are now called unified atomic mass units, abbreviated u or amu. Biochemists often call them daltons in honor of John Dalton.

He was the first scientist to collect data to prove the existence of atoms
Is also famous for his law of partial pressures of gasses which states that:  states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.

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Empedocles, the Greek pre-Socratic philosopher and citizen of Akragas, a Greek city in Sicily.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9B3DDY27ZtE

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400 BCE

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Aristotle believed that all material substances are matter and form. According to Aristotle, matter and form are not material that are part of the substance. The matter is formed into the substance by the form it-self. He also believes that without a form, matter would have no properties or activities at all. Since matter and form combine to make material substances, all matter is formed by a form to make a material substance.

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Around 400 B.C.E., the Greek philosopher Democritusintroduced the idea of the atom as the basic building block matter. Democritus thought that atoms are tiny, uncuttable, solid particles that are surrounded by empty space and constantly moving at random

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgmGxN66rTQ

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Empedocles believed in six different entities of the world; four of them are elements (earth, wind, fire, water), and the other two are motives (love & strife). According to his diagram below, the actions of love and strife result in cosmic cycles in which the elements mix together by love and are pulled apart by strife.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEv3UEseU9E

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Empedocles argued that all matter was composed of four elements: fire, air, water, and earth. The ratio of these four elements affected the properties of the matter.

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He elaborated a system originated by his teacher Leucippus into a materialist account of the natural world. Even its chief critic, Aristotle, praised Democritus for arguing from sound considerations appropriate to natural philosophy.

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Lived from 1766-1844
research from 1800 to 1835

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDNGlupltT4

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https://study.com/academy/lesson/aristotles-metaphysics-the-four-causes.html