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Stalin

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Causes of worldwide depression (The Great Depression)

• Expansion of production capacities and dominance of the United States in the global economy

• High protective tariffs

• Excessive expansion of credit

• Stock Market Crash (1929)

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Impact of world depression

High unemployment in industrial countries

Bank failures and collapse of credit

Collapse of prices in world trade

Nazi Party’s growing importance in Germany; Nazi Party’s blame of European Jews for economic collapse

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Economic dislocations following World War I led to unstable political conditions. Worldwide depression in the 1930s provided opportunities for the rise of dictators in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan.

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1. U.S.S.R. during the Interwar Period—Joseph Stalin

Entrenchment of communism

Stalin’s policies (five-year plans, collectivization of farms, state industrialization, secret police)

Great Purge

2. Germany during the Interwar Period—Adolf Hitler

Inflation and depression

Democratic government weakened

Anti-Semitism

Extreme nationalism

National Socialism (Nazism)

German occupation of nearby countries

3. Italy during the Interwar Period—Benito Mussolini

Rise of fascism

Ambition to restore the glory of Rome

Invasion of Ethiopia

4. Japan during the Interwar Period—Hirohito and Hideki Tojo

Militarism

Industrialization of Japan, leading to drive for raw materials

Invasion of Korea, Manchuria, and the rest of China

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Hitler

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Mussolini

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Hirohito and Hideki Tojo