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Diagnosis: Identifying a illness and its effects

Validity: Accuracy, How close to the actual answer your guess is. If this category is high than your guesses are very close to the correct answer but if it is low than your answers are not close to the answer.

Reliability: Precision, how close to the previous guesses your answer is. If this category is high than your guesses are very similar while if it is low than your guesses are very different.

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A diagnosis is an identification of an illness. Validity is the extent the criteria or diagnosis accurately reflect the true problem. Reliability means consistency. To have high validity means that the diagnosis is accurate and to have low validity means that the diagnosis is not accurate. High reliability means that several clinicians reach the same diagnosis, and low reliability means the clinicians reached different diagnoses.

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Diagnosis: Relating a pattern of behavior to a certain category based on symptoms

Validity: The extent the criteria for diagnosis accurately reflect the true problem

(High: Low:)
Reliability: Consistency of Diagnoses, Inter-rater & test retest reliability
(High: Low:)

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Validity: The extent the criteria for diagnosis accurately reflect the true problem.
Reliability: Consistency
Low validity means not really accurate or correct and low reliability is not having consistent results.

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The same disorder can manifest itself differently in different patients because diagnostic criteria are flexible.

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Diagnosis: A behavior that
Validity: The diagnosis is accurate with the true problem.
Reliability:  The conclusion is the same each time.
The higher the validity the more accurate it is. A higher validity the more consistent it is.

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A diagnosis is a pattern of symptoms that are identified by a clinician to determine an illness. Validity is when there is high accuracy in the criteria for diagnosis. While reliability is the consistency that occurs during diagnosis. The higher the validity the more accurate the criteria is at diagnoses

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Low validity and high reliability means more likely misdiagnosis, while high validity and low reliability cannot be valid due to it being logical paradox.

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Kappa coefficient betweeon 0 and 1.
.12 = low reliability
.89 = high reliability

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1. audio/video recordings of interviews between clinician and patient. A 2nd clinician watch/listen to recording and comes to a diagnoses independently.
2. two clinicians interview the same patient twice and arrive at a diagnosis separately.
3. The kappa coefficient, between 0 & 1, measures reliability. 0.12 = low reliability, 0.89 = high reliability

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Its quantified through the kappa coefficentand it can be improved by showing multiple clinicians the interview between a patient and another clinician to make the diagnosis more reliable and valid.

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High reliability and low validity means the patient is probably misdiagnosed, and high validity and low reliability is a logical paradox.

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Low validity and a high reliability is very dangerous as it is hard to figure out you are misdiagnosing people when they continuously fit the mold you made. High validity but low reliability is a logical paradox because what is not consistent can't be valid.

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Reliability can be quantified by several clinicians diagnosing based off of an audio or video recording between a patient and a clinician, both clinicians interviewing the same patient independently, and the kappa coefficient, which measures reliability.

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The diagnostic criteria are flexible so the same disorder can appear differently in different patients.

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Two patients with different symptoms can be diagnosed with the same disorder due to just having one symptom in common

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diagnosis: relating a pattern of behavior and symptoms to a certain category
* validity: accuracy as to how the criteria for a diagnosis best reflects the actual problem
-high validity: high accuracy
-low validity: not accurate
*reliability: consistency in reaching the same diagnosis
-high reliability: high consistency
-low reliability: low consistency

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Validity- Accuracy, diagnosis accurately reflect the true problem.
Low meaning inaccurate
High meaning very inaccurate
Reliability- If several clinicians use the criteria and reach the same diagnosis it is reliable.
Low meaning not trustworthy
high meaning very trustworthy

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A diagnosis is a determination of a condition based on symptoms.
Validity measure the extent to which a diagnosis is accurate.
Reliability is the consistency of the test done on the patient. The higher the reliability and validity the more likely the diagnosis is correct.

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Diag

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Diagnosis is when a clinician identifies symptoms in order to determine what kind of illness it may be. Validity is the accuracy the diagnosis is. Reliability is the consistency of the diagnosis. When validity is high, that means the accuracy of the diagnosis is high. When reliability is high, that means the consistency is high.

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Diagnosis is relating a pattern of behavior to a certain category based on symptoms. Validity is accuracy, so high validity would mean that the criteria for a diagnosis reflects the true problem to a large extent. Reliability is consistency, so that high reliability means that several clinicians using a certain criteria would all reach the same diagnosis.

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Diagnosis - a diagnosis is a term used to define what a set of characteristics may be related to

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Diagnosis - a diagnosis is a term used to define what a set of characteristics may be related to

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A diagnosis is the identification of an illness. Validity measures the extent to which the criteria for diagnosis is accurate in reflecting the true problem. Reliability refers to the consistency of the diagnosis. To have high validity and high reliability indicates that the diagnosis is accurate and is consistent with other diagnosis. When there is low validity and high reliability it means that the diagnosis is not accurate but is consistent with other diagnosis. This is not very good because it means that multiple researchers are not diagnosing appropriately or that one researcher is not diagnosing effectively. When there is high validity and low reliability, it means that the diagnosis is accurate but not consistent. Although, this is also not ideal it is still better than having high reliability and low validity because it is more accurate than not. Low validity and low reliability indicates that it is not accurate nor consistent which reveal that it is not a good diagnosis.

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A diagnosis is a

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Diagnosis:

Relating a pattern of behavior to a certain category based on symptoms

Symptoms can be observed by the clinician and/or reported by the individual or others who know the individual

A diagnosis is used to find treatment & make a prognosis

Validity:
Means accuracy. The extent the criteria for diagnosis accurately reflect the true problem

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Diagnosis is identifying a mental illness. Symptoms are observed by the clinician that is diagnosing your illness. Diagnosing individuals is beneficial to find a treatment. Validity is the accuracy, extent of the criteria that is used to diagnose a patient and find a solution. Low validity and high reliability means that they are not consistent but accurate to the study.

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The extent the criteria for diagnosis accurately reflect the true problem.

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1. clinical presentation-
2. symptomatology- we classify physical diseases based on etiology (causes) bc many diseases have the same symptoms and bc etiology of mental disorders is inconclusive, there's many mental disorders with same symptoms
3. comorbidity- when two disorders co-occur, this threatens the validity of diagnosis bc now theirs uncertainty of of whether there's a single disorder or two

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1) Use of video recording method to record an interview between clinician and patient. Then more than 1 clinician watches the video and arrice at their diagnosis
2)two clinicians overview patient then arrive at conclusion

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Making something more valid seems to make it less reliable, while making something more reliable seems to make it less valid. If the criteria for a diagnosis were to become more valid, it would reflect the true problem to a larger extent. However, this might make it harder for clinicians to spot and thus less reliable.

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There are six problems with validity, all having to do with the accuracy of the diagnosis.
- clinical representation
- symotomology
- comorbidology
-stability
-cut-off point
- treatment

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Diagnosis is a way to identify a behavior pattern through symptoms which will find a solution and prognosis. Validity is the accuracy of the diagnosis to accurately reflect the true problem.

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To diagnose accurately, clinicians have to go further than just look at observable behaviors, but need to interpret the patient’s subjective experiences.

This interpretation helps the clinician to understand the disorder more fully, thus increasing validity.

However, this opens the door to subjectivity & disagreement between clinicians, thus decreasing reliability.

To increase reliability, make the criteria more standardized & observable which will increase clinicians’ consistency in applying the criteria

However, this makes the diagnosis itself more superficial when you disregard clinician interpretation, thus decreasing validity

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Reliability is in the kappa coefficient between .1-1. This means that if reliability is .12, it is at low reliability. The higher the number, the greater the reliability. Some ways it can improve is by having two clinicians look over the patient and the other way is by video recording the patient. The recording can then be seen by more than one clinician.

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Clinical presentation
Symptoms
Comorbidity

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1- Use audio/video recording method
2- Two clinicians interview the same  patient
3- Kappa coefficient

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The kappa coefficient, between 0 & 1, measures reliability.

0.12 = low reliability, 0.89 = high reliability

Use audio/video recording method to record an interview between clinician & patient. A 2nd clinician watches this video. Both clinicians arrive at their diagnosis independently

2) Two clinicians interview the same patient independently & arrive at a diagnosis separately

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clinical presentation - the same disorder can manifest itself

differently in different patients because to the diagnostic criteria

are flexible

symptomology - we classify physical diseases based on etiology (causes) because many diseases have the same symptoms; because etiology of mental disorders is still inconclusive, we rely on symptoms; this is a problem when many mental disorders have the same symptoms

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