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to provide food, shelter, clothing, medical services, and land to displaced Southerners, including newly freed African Americans. They provided practical aid to 4,000,000 newly freed African Americans in their transition from slavery to freedom.

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April 15, 1865 Abraham Lincoln is assassinated 

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April 15, 1865 Abraham Lincoln is assassinated 

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He was assassinated by well-known stage actor John Wilkes Booth on April 14th. This assassination happened at a play called, "Our American Cousin" at Fords theatre in Washington D.C.

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April 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson becomes president 

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April 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson becomes president 

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Andrew Johnson became President of the United States upon the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, and ended on March 4, 1869. He implemented a plan of Reconstruction that gave the white South a free hand in regulating the transition from slavery to freedom and offered no role to blacks in the politics of the South.

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South Carolina’s Black Code applied only to “persons of color,” defined as including anyone with more than one-eighth Negro blood. Its major features included civil rights, labor contracts, Vagrancy, Apprenticeship, (courts, crimes/ punishments), and other restrictions.

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The 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States. “within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”

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In Pulaski, Tennessee, a group of Confederate veterans convenes to form a secret society that they christen the “Klu Klux Klan.” The KKK rapidly grew from a secret social fraternity to a paramilitary force bent on reversing the federal government’s progressive Reconstruction Era-activities in the South. The name of the Ku Klux Klan was derived from the Greek word kyklos, meaning “circle,”.

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This declared all male persons born in the United States to be citizens, "without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude."

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The Memphis massacre of 1866 was a series of violent events that occurred from May 1 to 3, 1866 in Memphis, Tennessee. The racial violence was caused by political, social, and racial tensions following the American Civil War, in the early stages of Reconstruction.

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March 2, 1867 - March 11, 1868 Reconstruction Acts of 1867

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March 2, 1867 - March 11, 1868 Reconstruction Acts of 1867

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The Reconstruction Act of 1867 outlined the terms for readmission to representation of rebel states. The bill divided the former Confederate states, except for Tennessee, into five military districts. The act became law on March 2, 1867, after Congress overrode a presidential veto.

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July 28, 1868 14th Amendment is ratified

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July 28, 1868 14th Amendment is ratified

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On July 28, 1868, the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified. The amendment grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" which included former slaves who had just been freed after the Civil War.

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Winter 1868: Southern Constitutional Conventions including freedman

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Winter 1868: Southern Constitutional Conventions including freedman

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The 1868 state constitution for South Carolina was revolutionary because it embodied many democratic principles absent from previous constitutions. The new document provided for population alone, rather than wealth or the combination of wealth and population, as the basis for House representation.

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February 3, 1870 15th Amendment is ratified

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February 3, 1870 15th Amendment is ratified

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The 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution officially granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the “right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

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1875 Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

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1875 Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

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The violence and intimidation of black and white voters, often called the “shotgun policy” or the “Mississippi Plan,” destroyed the effectiveness of the Republican Party in most areas of the South as an alternative to one-party (Democratic) rule.

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After the 1876 election Compromise of 1877

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After the 1876 election Compromise of 1877

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The Compromise of 1877 was an unwritten deal, informally arranged among U.S. Congressmen, that settled the intensely disputed 1876 presidential election.