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HEWARD, W. L. (2018). EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN: An introduction to special education. UPPER SADDLE RIVER: PEARSON.

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5. What are some of the most effective current instructional methods utilized with students that have intellectual disabilities?

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5. What are some of the most effective current instructional methods utilized with students that have intellectual disabilities?

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Some of the most effective current instructional methods utilized with students that have intellectual disabilities are: task analysis, active student response, systematic feedback with positive reinforcement, and emphasis on promoting generalization and maintenance of skills with prompting (and prompt fading), or transfer of stimulus control. (Heward, Alber-Morgan, & Konrad, 2018, p. 129).

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4. What are some of the most prevalent prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal causes of intellectual disabilities?

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4. What are some of the most prevalent prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal causes of intellectual disabilities?

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The most prevalent prenatal (occurring before birth) causes of intellectual disabilities are: chromosomal disorders, poverty, parental drug use, and parental cognitive disability without supports. Perinatal (occurring during or shortly after birth) causes of intellectual disabilities are: prematurity, lack of access to birth care, parental rejection of caretaking, and lack of medical referral for intervention services at discharge. Postnatal (occurring after birth) causes of intellectual disabilities are: traumatic brain injury, impaired child caregiver, child abuse and neglect, and impaired parenting. (Heward, Alber-Morgan, & Konrad, 2018, p. 123).

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[Teachings in Education]. (2020, April 21). Intellectual Disability: Students with Disabilities [Video]. Youtube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQNASuTNtVw

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3. How can one distinguish across the mild, moderate, severe, and profound levels of intellectual disabilities?

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3. How can one distinguish across the mild, moderate, severe, and profound levels of intellectual disabilities?

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The traditional classification of Intellectual Disabilities by IQ Score distinguishes Mild-Profound levels by IQ score 70 and below. For example, if an individual scored a 35-40 on an intelligence quotient test administered by a school psychologist, their intellectual disability would be labeled as severe. It is also important to note that “IQ tests have been widely criticized” for many reasons, including that “intelligence testing is not an exact science” and “is a hypothetical construct” (Heward, Alber-Morgan, & Konrad, 2018, p. 112).

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2. What are the generalized characteristics of children and youth with intellectual disabilities?

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2. What are the generalized characteristics of children and youth with intellectual disabilities?

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Some generalized characteristics of children and youth with intellectual disabilities are: “slow learning rates, poor memory, attention problems, difficulty maintaining and generalizing what they have learned, and poor motivation” (Heward, Alber-Morgan, & Konrad, 2018, p. 114).

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1. What are the three key components in the IDEA definition of intellectual disabilities?

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1. What are the three key components in the IDEA definition of intellectual disabilities?

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The three key components in the IDEA definition of intellectual disabilities are: that “significantly sub-average intellectual functioning” must be demonstrated (an IQ score at 70 or less), an individual must also have significant difficulty with tasks of everyday life, and deficits in functioning and adaptive behavior must occur during the developmental period to help distinguish intellectual disability from other disabilities. (Heward, Alber-Morgan, & Konrad, 2018, p. 109)