# data[].attributes.headline
Ethical and legal considerations in the media

# data[].attributes.subject
Ethical and legal considerations in the media

# data[].attributes.body
TV and film should give a balanced display of different representations, because of he Communications Act of 2003. It states that OFCOM is required to consider different ethnic minorities promote equality of opportunity amongst broadcasters.

A positive representation in media of women is shown in The Hunger Games. It shows a variety of women doing a variety of different things (such as washing, cooking, doing sport, hunting)and wearing different things (such as dresses, trousers, leather jacket, apron). It shows women being independent and reliable.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChZBeL1M7qE

A negative representation in the media of women is shown in a 1950's advert for Persil. The woman is doing different house chores (such as cleaning the dishes and washing clothes), and both her and the girls are wearing dresses (there is no diversity through clothing). She speaks in a very soft way giving the idea that she is weak.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D93fK9vBnMg

# data[].attributes.body
The Race Relations Act of 1976 made any discrimination on the grounds of race, colour and nationality is unacceptable.

A positive representation of this is  Black Panther. The main characters are black people but there are also white people involved. It shows the main characters can have power and be respected.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dr1wAjuRQGc

A negative example of this is South Park. The main character is white and he is eating with a black family. He then goes on to ask about when they will do certain, stereotyped behaviour - presuming all black people are vandals and thugs.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lab0xxTRMdk

# data[].attributes.body
The Human Rights act ensures everyone has the right to freedom of thought, belief and religion.

A positive example of this is in the BBC 3 clip. A group of Muslims answer questions tat they regularly get asked regarding their culture and beliefs.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Gkxm6bKtsk

A negative example of this is in the series Homeland. In this, a terrorist who claimed to be Islamic holds people hostage and is dishonourable by not keeping his promise.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RygyKtzLu6U

# data[].attributes.body
The copyright law protects people from getting their ideas copied or ripped off. Anything from ideas, pictures, logos, footage, song lyrics/beat and statistics can be copied or ripped off. The law sates that if you are to use another person's material, then you have to get permission off them - this is called clearance. A benefit of copyright is that it protects the property of people or companies. The money they receive from copyright can be reinvested to improve the quality of material. A disadvantage is that the laws can be seen as out - dated and complicated so many people just ignore them.
For example, the news has to ask for permission to use the pictures found in this clip...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3KSgot4nsA
Napster was shut down as many companies (such as A&M Records) sued them. The site would distribute 1000's of songs for free, therefore they were sued for infringement on intellectual property.
Tv shows and other media outlets have to be mindful of people's privacy because they can be sued for millions of pounds just by following them a bit too close to their house etc.
Celebrities can have a super injunction. This is seen as the only way to stop the press reporting on private life. people like Ryan Giggs have done this but for different reasons - he took a super injunction out to stop the media reporting on the fact he cheated on his wife with his sister-in-law.

# data[].attributes.body
The Libel law protects against untruths that the media may report to damage the reputation of a person or company.
The TV show This Is America are guilty of breaking the Libel Law as they interviewed Roy Moore and accused him of sexual assault and pedophilia. Moore strongly denied the claims and sued the company for over $70 million.
Joanna Yates disappeared after a night out with her friends in Bristol. Her body was found and a post-mortem determined she had been strangled to death. The police arrested Christopher Jefferies but then released him without charge - this caused much more pain and torture for her heartbroken family. Media attention at the time centred on the filming of a re-enactment of her disappearance for Crimewatch; after 2 days of questioning, Vincent Tabak was charged with and pleaded guilty to her murder.
Christopher Jefferies was Yates landlord who was accused of her murder. The backlash he received after being released without charge was that intense he had to go into hiding and change his appearance. Once Tabak pleaded guilty, Jefferies sued the newspapers that had attacked him.

# data[].attributes.body
- Still photos and images: copyright laws state you must get clearance off the owner of the content before you use it. The 'fair use' law allows copyrighted material to be used without permission as long as it is for educational, commentary or parody purposes. They are seen on programmes such as Have I Got News for you and BBC News.
- Reporting Statistics: avoid taking stats at face value. The stats can be challenged if they seem wrong, so they must be accurate. The audience should be helped to understand what it means and the stats must be used in the correct context. This can be seen on BBC News.
- Conflicts of interests: the public must trust broadcasters to show appropriate content. Also, they have to trust that the editors haven't made decisions influenced by outside activities. Different companies cant be promoted or credited within the programme. An example of this can be found on Newsnight (if they have members of the Conservative party then they must have members of the Labour party).

# data[].attributes.body
OFCOM regulates TV,  radio and video.

This is a clip from Celebrity Big Brother 2018. It received over 27,000 complaints as a young woman controversially claimed to have been beaten up by a man. Roxanne made a big deal out of a playful tap. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4njy0-82KW8

This is a clip from Love Island which received many complaints as people were worried about the emotional well being of Laura Anderson after many guys had upset her.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzfF0HNvlLs

ASA

The ASA is the advertising standards agency that manage all adverts to ensure they met all the standards.

This is the moneysupermarket.com advert. It was complained about as people thought it to be 'overly sexual content'. A guy walks down the street in high heels and denim shorts. It was the most complained about advert of 2015 with over 1500 complaints.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUrsvegCkEc

# data[].attributes.body
The BBFC stands for the British Bard of Film Classification. They ensure that certain films are targeted at certain audiences. This shows they are protecting the public and especially children from content that is inappropriate. BBFC empower the public to make informed viewing choices and to recognise and respect freedom of choice.  They provide a service, advise and work along side the film industry. The different types of classifications are:
U - Magic Roundabout
PG - Shrek
PG 12 - Aquaman
12a - Woman In Black
15 - Deadpool
18 - Fifty Shades of Grey

# data[].attributes.body
You explain the structure and
ownership of the media
sector with reference to
detailed illustrative examples

# data[].attributes.body
You have explained ownership and
funding in the television and
film industries with reference
to detailed illustrative
examples and with generally
correct use of subject
terminology

# data[].attributes.body
You have explained ethical and legal constraints within the media
sector with reference to
detailed illustrative examples

# data[].attributes.body
You have explained the characteristics,
duties and responsibilities of
management, creative and
technical job roles in the
television and film industries
with reference to detailed
illustrative examples and
with generally correct use of
subject terminology

# data[].attributes.body
You have explained contractual, legal
and ethical obligations in the
television and film industries
with reference to detailed
illustrative examples and
with generally correct use of
subject terminology

# data[].attributes.body
You have explained contractual, legal
and ethical obligations in the
television and film industries
with reference to detailed
illustrative examples and
with generally correct use of
subject terminology

# data[].attributes.body
You have comprehensively explained
ethical and legal constraints
within the media sector
with reference to elucidated
examples