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On page #10 (Downing), “The main focus of this book…. Other obvious values apparent in this book are that of presumed competence, inclusive education for all students, famil

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Presumed competence means all students with or without disabilities can learn new skills.

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Presumed competence means that all students are able to learn and that all students can learn. To me this means that we should believe in all children and their abilities.

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Individualized teaching supports that considers a students strengths and deficits.

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"The process of students learning challenging material made meaningful and appropriate for their individual needs in the general education classroom alongside their classmates with no disabilities"

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Presumed Competence means that all students can learn no matter what their disability is. An example would be when a student is in a classroom and the teacher says "oh she doesn't have to do that, it's too hard." Although the teacher is not saying out loud, I would argue the teacher assumes that the student will not be able to do the work. When we can remember that all student's can learn, we are telling our students that they are good enough and smart enough even if they don't believe it themselves. 

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Presumed Competence means that all students can learn no matter what their disability is. An example would be when a student is in a classroom and the teacher says "oh she doesn't have to do that, it's too hard." Although the teacher is not saying out loud, I would argue the teacher assumes that the student will not be able to do the work. When we can remember that all student's can learn, we are telling our students that they are good enough and smart enough even if they don't believe it themselves. 

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Presumed Competence is when people look at students and think they are not able to learn anything. They might think this because they have little to no communication skills, or are very physically disabled. However this is false, every student is able to learn it is just finding what works best for the

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One example of presumed competence is that we can teach our students to communicate even when they are non-verbal. They can communicate using pictures, gestures, or other tools that will help them to communicate with others.

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That any and all students can and do learn. Disabilities often shadow over who the student is as a learner and as a person. Presuming competence is not "wishful thinking".
Example: Avoiding baby talk. Speaking in normal speeds and tones.
Example: Speaking to them, not to the third party.

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In Downing, presumed competence is presuming that all students can learn and will learn. This allows teachers to hold all students to high standards rather than assuming that a certain student just “can’t” do something. Presumed competence is assuming they can until proven otherwise. For example, in the third grade classroom I work in there are a few students who cannot read. The third grade teacher, however, consistently holds these students to the same standards as the other students. Although it is difficult at times, these students often rise up to this expectation.