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Emotional nod created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described. Frequently atmosphere foreshadows events.

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Form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite. Opposite of hyperbole.

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Figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole or, occasionally, the whole is used to represent a part (ex. boat= sail)

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Similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. Analogies can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar.

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Figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. (ex. cruel kindness)

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VocabularyHelp - Learn English Words With Meaning

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Learn English Words - OXYMORON - Meaning, Vocabulary Lesson with Pictures and Examples

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Intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights; can be humorous, while suggesting the speaker's verbal power in creating ingenious and perceptive remarks.

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Figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.

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Opposition or contrast of ideas; direct opposite

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Using character and/or historic elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. Usually deals with moral truth a generalization about human existence

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"Sermon"; more informally can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.

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Describes traditions for each genre. These help to define each genre (ex. differentiate an essay and journalistic writing or an autobiography and political writing)

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Fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects. A conceit displays intellectual cleverness as a result of the unusual comparison being made.

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The word or clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes, the subject of the sentence by either renaming it  (predicate nominative) or describing it (predicate adjective)

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Describes the variety, conventions, and purposes of the major kinds of writing. The four most common rhetorical modes are:
1. Exposition (expository writing): explain/ analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion. AP language exam essay questions are frequently expository topics.
2. Argumentation: prove the validity of an idea by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the reader. (ex. persuasive writing)
3. Description: recreate, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action, so that the reader can picture that being described. Descriptive writing may be straightforward and objective or highly emotional and subjective.
4. Narration: tell a story or narrate an event or series of events. Frequently uses the tools of descriptive writing.

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How to use rhetoric to get what you want - Camille A. Langston

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Sentence that represents its central meaning in the main clause at the end. This independent clause is predicted by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone. The effect of a periodic sentence is to add emphasis and structural variety. It is also a much stronger sentence than a loose sentence. This is the opposite of a loose sentence.

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What is PERIODIC SENTENCE? What does PERIODIC SENTENCE mean? PERIODIC SENTENCE meaning & explanation

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Type of sentence in which the main idea(independent clause) comes first , followed by dependent grammatical units like phrases or clauses. If a period were placed at the end of the independent clause, the clause would be a complete sentence. A work containing many loose sentences often seems informal, relaxed, or conversational. The opposite of a loose sentence is a periodic sentence.

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Deductive system of formal logic that represents two premises (major & minor) that inevitably lead a sound conclusion. Valid only if each of the two premises is valid.

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Adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish (language possibly described as "show-offy"; using big words for the sake of using big words)

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Use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing, they give work for a conversational, familiar tone. Such expressions in writing include local or regional dialects.

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Terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or moral principle. can be a summation of the author's point.

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What is APHORISM? What does APHORISM mean? APHORISM meaning, definition & explanation

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Branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another.

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One of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction or nonfiction, including all its forms. In prose, the printer determines the length of the line; in poetry , the poet determines the length of the line

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Emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language

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"Good speech"
-more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept
-may be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness or to add humor or ironic understatement

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When one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another