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Describe the structure.
Include diagrams
Explain electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, appearance,
special properties and uses
Include 5 questions for a quiz or include past paper questions.

# data[].attributes.body
Describe the structure.
Include diagrams
Explain electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, appearance,
special properties and uses
Include 5 questions for a quiz or include past paper questions.

# data[].attributes.body
Describe the structure.
Include diagrams
Explain electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, appearance,
special properties and uses
Include 5 questions for a quiz or include past paper questions.

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A two dimensional carbon allotrope that is positioned  in a hexagonal design.

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As each carbon atom has four valence electrons, this leaves one unattached electron for each carbon atom. These delocalised electrons are able to move relatively freely between the layers of strongly bonded carbon atoms, and explains why graphite is such a good conductor of electricity. With only weak dispersion forces holding the layers of carbon atoms together, it is easy for one layer to slide past another, explaining the lubricant properties of graphite. Because the bonding within the layers is very strong, graphite has the very high melting point of 3730°C and so can readily be used as a lubricant. Graphite exists as a covalent layer lattice. In this structure each carbon atom is bonded to only three others in a series of hexagons that make up a layer. Graphite has sp2 hybridisation.

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- 3D network of covalent bonds
- Tetrahedral
- Semi conductors

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Also commonly known by its superior name "Buckyballs"

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1. Which allotropes contain Carbon atoms with sp² hybridization?

I.       Diamond

II.      Graphite

III.     C60 Fullerene

A.      I and II only                                  B.      I and III only

C.      II and III only

D.      I, II and III

2. Explain why Graphite and C60 Fullerene can conduct electricity.

3. Compare the bonding in diamond and graphite.

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The carbon is considered to be a excellent example of a heat conductor due to the sp2 covalent bond it has in its structure through quadratic dispersion of graphene’s lattice vibrational modes which is another way of saying that it allows extremely high phonon transmissions through its lattice.

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Carbon atoms have a total of 6 electrons, 2 in the inner shell and the other 4 on the outer shell. in graphene each atom is connected to 3 other carbon atoms on the two dimensional plane, the pi electrons for electronic conduction by enhanching the carbon to carbon bonds in graphene, therefore allowing it to have very high electrical conductivity. They are found  above and below the graphene sheet.

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Graphene has properties that