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3-PS2-1 | Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence of the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object.

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K-PS2-1 | Plan and conduct an investigation to compare the effects of different strengths or different directions of pushes and pulls on the motion of an object.

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We would differentiate the instruction at each level by using specific vocabulary words when explaining the activity to the different age groups. Also, although the activities are both involving forces of motion, they are being demonstrated using different activities. For instance in kindergarten, the way you explain the activity would have to be in more depth and explicit to make sure they comprehend the activity due to their literacy skills not being as advanced as third graders. For third grade, they might not need a very explicit instruction and might be able to comprehend the activity faster because their literacy skills are much more advanced compared to kindergarten. Some changes that might occur between these two graders are the balls might have to be different sizes due to the motor skills of each grade level. Another difference would be that we change to activity to tug of war instead of rolling/pushing the balls because the muscles have enhanced in development from kindergarten to third grade.

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How would you implement this as a new teacher? 

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How would you implement this as a new teacher? 

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As a new teacher, the information regarding science spiralling is extremely effective when teaching curriculum over time. The concept of science spiralling is to address how topics in the elementary science curriculum are introduced and then how those topics are brought to more depth across the higher grade levels. Overall in this lesson, our topic of Forces and Motion is a more broad focus. In Kindergarten, we introduced the concept of pushing at various strengths and how those affect distance. In 3rd grade, we grew on this topic by adding the concept of unbalanced versus balanced forces. Together, these activities and lessons in Kindergarten and 3rd grade all support our overall lesson in Forces and Motion.

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At kindergarten, the curriculum starts with forces and motion, types of interactions, relationship between energy and forces, and defining engineer problems. In third grade, the only two disciplinary core ideas are forces and motion, and types of interaction. Although in third grade, there is much more depth, and four standards to meet, versus the two standards to meet in kindergarten. We narrowed our topic to only one aspect of forces and interactions, that would be taught first in a sequence. Once they understand forces and motions, types of interactions should be taught sequentially. In kindergarten, they would then move onto the basic topics of relationship between energy and forces, then defining engineering problems. In third grade, they only cover up to types of interactions.

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3rd Grade:
- Tug of War through the concept of balanced vs unbalanced forces
- Through a hands on activity the students are going to engage in tug of war with other students
- Example: The students will perform several trials of having 3 students on one side of the rope, and 4 on the other side, etc
- Through the activity it demonstrates that the pulling of the rope will be unbalanced
- A balanced example will be same amount of students on each side of the rope of 3 versus 3 students
- Other factors will be differences with height, weight, amount of people to show that many factors can change the outcome of balanced versus unbalanced

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Kindergarten:
- Difference between rolling/ tapping a ball vs pushing a ball
- Students will take various trials in pushing, tapping, or rolling a small/medium/large ball down a hallway/ room
- The students will measure the differences in how far the ball went down the hallway/room with a tape measure provided with inches and centimeters.
- In the end the students will be able to record the different distances and compare which strength they used resulted in the furthest distance

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Third graders will have more developed fine motor skills than the kindergarteners and will therefore be able to use a wider variety of manipulatives to demonstrate the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on an object. Third graders will also have a better understanding of basic mathematics and be able to use measurement in their observations of how far the balls will roll in each trial. Kindergarteners will use a less formal mode of observation as to the effect that pushes and pulls of different strengths have on an object. Third graders will also have prior knowledge of what forces are  but will need to briefly recap and will be able to apply that knowledge in the lesson whereas kindergarteners will require and explanation of the subject.

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- Kindergarten

- 3rd Grade

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In kindergarten, forces and motion is mostly contained to teaching that pushes and pulls has different directions and strengths, whereas in 3rd grade, it is spiraled to teaching that an object has both strength and direction, and has multiple forces acting on one object. When teaching in kindergarten, only addresses the basic motion, while third grade adds the qualitative and conceptual facets.