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The counterbalancing that is influenced by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.

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An act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.

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A review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act.

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The federal principle or system of government.

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Statutory procedure or social effort designed to promote the basic physical and material well-being of people in need.

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The offspring of one progenitor to the furthest generation

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A minor change or addition designed to improve a text, piece of legislation.

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A sign or give formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement, making it officially valid.

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A court's power to hear and decide a case before any appellate review.

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the ability to exercise judicial review by different courts at the same time, within the same territory, and over the same subject matter.

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The power of a court to adjudicate a case to the exclusion of all other courts.

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the power of a higher court to review and revise a lower court's decision.

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a written law passed by a legislative body.

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Latin for "I forbid"
a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body.

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a recourse in law through which a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that the court order the custodian of the person, usually a prison official, to bring the prisoner to court, to determine whether the detention is lawful.

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a political power independently exercisable by both federal and state governments in the same field of legislation.

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a political power that is not enumerated or prohibited by a constitution, but instead is reserved by the constitution for a specified political authority, such as a state government.

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a piece of legislation enacted by a municipal authority.

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The court systems of local, state, and federal governments, responsible for interpreting the laws passed by the legislative branch and enforced by the executive branch.

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The branch of the federal and state government empowered to make the laws that are then enforced by the executive branch and interpreted by the judicial branch.

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a governing or controlling body whose power exists only within pre-defined limits that are established by a constitution or other source of authority.