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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

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The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms and was adopted on December 15, 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights.

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The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights. Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures.

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Addresses criminal procedure and other aspects of the Constitution.

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The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution sets forth rights related to criminal prosecutions

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Is a part of the Bill of Rights. This amendment codifies the right to a jury trial in certain civil cases and inhibits courts from overturning a jury's findings of fact.

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Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

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All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

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Affirmative action, is the policy of promoting the education and employment of members of groups that are known to have previously suffered from discrimination.

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Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.

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Was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that American state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.

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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and U.S. labor law in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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Racial segregation, especially in public schools, that happens “by fact” rather than by legal requirement.

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Communication that might hurt the reputation of someone else. The purpose of the area of law is to protect people from having their lives and livelihoods ruined or significantly altered because of untrue statements against them.

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Legal separation of groups in society.

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The prosecution of a person twice for the same offense.

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Enslaved African American man in the United States who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom and that of his wife and their two daughters in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case of 1857

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Fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.

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Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.

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First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.

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Protection for both genders, and races.

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A law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.

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The Free Exercise Clause accompanies the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

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Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states are required under the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution to provide an attorney to defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys.

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Is the doctrine by which portions of the Bill of Rights have been made applicable to the states

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Laws that pertained to the minority groups, like colored only fountains, or sitting in the back of the bus.

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Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of their citizenship.

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Gave these out to the minorities to make them be unable to vote, but they were deemed unconstitutional.

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Pennsylvania's Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act from 1968 was unconstitutional, violating the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.

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Criminal procedure, in which the United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment,

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The right to be read your Miranda rights when you are being arrested, or questioned.

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United States Supreme Court case dealing with freedom of speech and freedom of assembly. This case is considered a "'classic' free speech case" in Constitutional law classes.

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It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal".

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Standard by which police authorities have reason to obtain a warrant for the arrest of a suspected criminal or the issuing of a search warrant. It is also the standard by which grand juries issue criminal indictments

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The standard by which police authorities have reason to obtain a warrant for the arrest of a suspected criminal or the issuing of a search warrant.

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A court must determine whether a law is rationally related to a legitimate government interest.

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Landmark decision issued in 1973 by the United States Supreme Court on the issue of the constitutionality of laws that criminalized or restricted access to abortions.

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Speech directed at the overthrow of government

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Making a false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation.

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Involves the communication of ideas through the combination of language and action such as the burning of a draft card while stating opposition to the military as opposed to pure speech.

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In American jurisprudence, a suspect classification is any classification of groups meeting a series of criteria suggesting they are likely the subject of discrimination

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Symbolic speech is a legal term in United States law used to describe actions that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those viewing it