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Wildfires fanned by Santa Ana winds raged in southern California in October 2003.

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Warm, dry winds sometimes move down the eastern slopes of the Rockies

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a breeze blowing toward the sea from the land, especially at night, owing to the relative warmth of the sea. Compare with sea breeze.

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Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation

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The polar highs are areas of high atmospheric pressure around the north and south poles

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The polar front is the boundary between the polar cell and the Ferrel cell in each hemisphere.

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A belt of low pressure located, in the mean, between 50 and 70° latitude; in the Northern hemisphere.

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The character and amount of atmospheric pressure change during a specified period of time, often a three-hour period preceding an observation.

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A weather phenomenon defined by the United States National Weather Service's glossary as "a large-scale circulation of winds around a central region of high atmospheric pressure, clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, anti-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere".

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cyclone is a large scale air mass that rotates around strong centers of low pressure.

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The geostrophic wind is the theoretical wind that would result from an exact balance between the Coriolis effect and the pressure gradient force.

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An irregularly periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics.

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A cooling of the water in the equatorial Pacific, which occurs at irregular intervals, and is associated with widespread changes in weather patterns complementary to those of El Niño, but less extensive and damaging in their effects.

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Was first recognized by fishermen from Ecuador and Peru, who noticed that the waters of the eastern Pacific sometimes got warmer in December or January.

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Mountain and valley breezes form through a process similar to sea and land breezes.

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A mountain breeze and a valley breeze are two related, localized winds that occur one after the other on a daily cycle.

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A sea breeze or onshore breeze is any wind that blows from a large body of water toward or onto a landmass

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Sea and land breezes. Sea breezes and land breezes are two familiar categories of local winds that are driven by differences in temperature and in air pressure, which is the pressure exerted by air on a given area.

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Are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas within the Westerlies at high latitudes.

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A wind blowing from the west.

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The subtropical latitudes between 30 and 35 degrees both north and south where Earth's atmosphere is dominated by the subtropical high, an area of high pressure, which suppresses precipitation and cloud formation, and has variable winds mixed with calm winds.

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Region of low pressure is a zone where winds from the north and south converge,

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The rise of air in the equatorial region reduces surface air pressure, creating an equatorial low pressure zone

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The process or state of diverging.

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The process or state of converging.

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A high point, level, or figure.

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A system of winds rotating inward to an area of low atmospheric pressure, with a counterclockwise or clockwise circulation; a depression.

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A narrow variable band of very strong predominantly westerly air currents encircling the globe several miles above the earth.

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an effect whereby a mass moving in a rotating system experiences a force acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation.

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Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong

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Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong

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PG = (pressure difference) / distance. Pressure gradient force force goes from high pressure to low pressure. Closely spaced isobars on a weather map indicate steep pressure gradient.

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line drawn on a weather map or chart that connects points at which the barometric pressure is the same.

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Air in natural motion, as that moving horizontally at any velocity along the earth's surface

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Continuously records pressure changes with the passage of time

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A device for measuring atmospheric pressure, often specially calibrated for use as an altimeter, consisting of a box or chamber partially exhausted of air, having an elastic top and a pointer to indicate the degree of compression of the topcaused by the external air.

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A barometer in which the weight of a column of mercury in a glass tube with a sealed top is balanced against that of theatmosphere pressing on an exposed cistern of mercury at the base of the mercury column, the height of the columnvarying with atmospheric pressure.

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The weight of the atmosphere pressing down on the earth.