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Overall by having poor dental health it does not mean that its always the parents or child’s faults as it could be down to several factors that can not be helped one of these factors is that the adult or child may have been on some form of medication that may have rotted the enamel of the teeth leaving them with damaged teeth. However, on the other hand the parents can be to blame for bad dental health as they may not be giving out the right food, they may not be brushing their teeth as regularly as they should, they may not be visiting the dentists or just taking general care of the teeth, leading to them being the cause of poor dental health.

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Professionals and agencies involved with the child and family that will intervene with  dental health:

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Professionals and agencies involved with the child and family that will intervene with  dental health:

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One professional that will become involved maybe social workers, this may be to check if there are any other concerns linking into why the child may have poor dental health, in some cases it may show signs of neglect meaning that a social worker may intervene. Another professional involved is GP’s, this is because they can give the right guidelines and advice to parents on how to take care of their teeth and ensure that they are on the right track, doctors can also identify any other underlying conditions that the patient may have resulting from poor dental health. Another professional involved may be the orthodontist, they will give braces for abnormal teeth and do removal of teeth for children or parents that are in any pain, orthodontist give the sense of comfortability and self confidence as they allow people to feel comfortable. By having all these professionals intervening with the child then the child’s overall needs should be met, allowing the child to reach their full potential, linking into Maslow’s theory. (Underdown, 2007) This is because they will be getting all the support needed, to create a healthy development.

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People around the child will teach them to either to take or not take care of their dental health. This will affect the child’s dental health because if the child is being given healthy foods and water to drink then the child’s teeth will be healthy and vice versa. He also believed that we have Exosystems this is the community around. This can affect a child and families dental health because if there are no doctors or dentists the child and family can not get the check up and care that is needed for good oral health, this could lead to teeth being left untreated, which could lead to infection which then may be hard to treat. This may happen if the family are living in low economic area, high in poverty, this is because the country may not be able to afford to have as many doctors and dentists as high economic areas. People living in a higher economic area maybe more able to have better dental health than someone living in poverty.

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A child dental health could get to a point where some form of intervention is needed. One intervention that was stated by public health England was that schools may provide group meetings with parents to discuss the importance and effects of not brushing teeth and the affects of low fluoride intake. (GOV.UK,2018). It has also been found that poor dental health may also lead to cardiovascular disease, it has been found that 1 in 6 people know that gum disease is linked in to cardiovascular disease. (nhs.uk, 2018) This shows us that people are not made aware of the serious consequences of poor dental health, showing that in the long run we are not being made aware enough to help increase the amount of people with good dental health.

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The child may also be ashamed of their parents’ teeth, as they do not see them as a good role model.  Children can also be influenced by their peers and famous people around them as they may see them with a nice smile or clean teeth and think that they want to be the same. This then may encourage the child to ask to go to the dentist or just take better general care of their teeth. This is one type of intervention that may improve dental health, as a dentist will look at the ways that a child can improve their dental care. At this age if a child sees other children with good teeth they are more likely to notice that their teeth are not as nice this may then lead to making the child feel withdrawn from social situations as they may not feel good enough to be friends with other children, affecting the child’s communication development. This could then lead to hindering other areas of development such as gross motor or literacy and mathematical development as they may not want to take part in the activities due to the way that they look as they maybe afraid that they will get bullied. Linking in with Eric Bernes theory that suggests that the level of confidence we have with ourselves will influence the interaction we have with others (Bates, 2016). This links to dental health because if a child has good teeth then they will feel better about how they look and may have confidence to go out and talk to others around them.

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The impacts of dental health between the ages of 6-11+:

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The impacts of dental health between the ages of 6-11+:

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When a child reaches this age, they will begin to care about what they look like and take more care in the appearance of their oral health. This is the age where if a child continuously appears to have bad dental health, then it may rise other concerns such as obesity, lack of nutrition, this could then lead to safeguarding issues. (Public Health England, 2018). This links into dental health because if the child is not having a healthy diet then it will not give the teeth the nutrition and strength to grow healthily. At this age the child will begin to make decisions for themselves, this may mean that they will take their own dental care into their own hands, they may want to change the way they look after their teeth for example they may want to brush them more regularly or use mouthwash to make their mouth feel cleaner. Children may be more influenced to take care of their teeth by schools teaching them the importance of looking after their oral health, schools may do this by putting on dental hygiene sessions.

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This may happen if the family are living in low economic area, high in poverty, this is because the country may not be able to afford to have as many doctors and dentists as high economic areas. People living in a higher economic area maybe more able to have better dental health than someone living in poverty.  One reason for this is that in lower deprived areas no or little fluoride is put in the water to strengthen the teeth however in high economic areas a lot of fluoride is put into people’s water. (Study.com) When children reach the age of 4 or 5 years old this is the stage where they will brush their teeth for themselves if they have been taught how too. This will allow the child to be set up for good dental health, by a child brushing their teeth for themselves they are also developing their fine motor skills as they are learning how to grip things properly, teaching them to use the right grasp (pincer grasp).  Maria Montessori believed that when the child is at the age of birth to six years old this when they will learn anything, they have ‘absorbent minds’, the child at the age of 3 years will absorb information automatically, doing this without being given instructions. (Meggitt and Bruce, 2016). This links in to dental health because if a parent starts teaching a child how to brush their teeth at these ages then the child may be more willing to learn.

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The impacts of dental health between the age of 2-5 years old:

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The impacts of dental health between the age of 2-5 years old:

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At this age this is when the child’s oral health will be at its key time to be taken care of. As it will be the main time where the child’s dental health will develop healthily. At the age pf 2-5 years old the child will begin to attend nursery and make relationships with other children. However, if the child does have poor dental health then it may be harder for the child to create bonds, this could be down to the child having bad breath, putting other children off wanting to create a relationship. This could then affect their self-esteem as they are realising that no one wants to be friends with them, maybe making them become withdrawn from social situations, maybe leading to shyness in later years. Furthermore, a child and family having poor dental health may not actually be the parents or child’s fault. This links into Bronfenbrenner’s theory as he believed that the community that the child is brought up in can also result in the way in which the child and family’s dental health is taken care of.  He believed that we have micro system these are the people around us, these people will affect the way a child and family develop. This links to a child and families dental health because the people around the child are the ones that will give the child certain types of food which will either encourage or discourage healthy dental health.

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This would be shown as neglect because baby would be not getting the proper nutrition needed for a healthy development. If the baby is not given nutritious baby food meals then it could affect them later in their life, there are concerns that the quality of a child’s meals and nutrition is not focused on ‘healthy eating’ meaning that the baby’s meals do not fit in with the current Early Learning Goals. The early learning goals monitor the baby’s nutritional intake. (O’Connor and Daly, 2016). In the first year of a baby’s life their will not be too much concern of what a baby should eat as they will be on breast or formula milk and then once they are weened off milk they will be on pureed food, neither of these will affect the dental health. It is recommended that when a baby has been fed that their gums are cleaned this is to maintain a healthy growth. When baby’s teeth do start to grow through it is important for mother to use a tiny bit of toothpaste and brush baby’s teeth allowing baby’s teeth to grow healthily (NHS.uk, 2018). However, in lower deprived areas this may be harder for the mother to do as mother may not be able to afford the little things such as toothbrushes and toothpastes. If mother does take care of baby’s teeth, then they are set up for good dental health and good overall health. It has also been found that dummies can cause abnormality to the development of teeth, this is due to the force of the dummy pushing the teeth forward. This may even lead to the child having braces when they are older. (Colgate.com, 2018). This could lead to affecting the child’s personal, social and emotional development later in their life as it could affect the way the child speaks, making it harder for the child to feel comfortable in social situations.

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The impacts of dental Health in the first year of life:

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The impacts of dental Health in the first year of life:

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When a baby is born the first year of their dental health is crucial as this is the time where the baby will begin to develop teeth. Throughout a baby’s teething it can be very painful, this may mean that the baby wants something soothing to suck on. In some cases, mother may put something sweet on the dummy such as honey to help calm the baby. This however may not be the best of ideas as this could affect the growth of the teeth because the sugar may start to rot the new teeth that will be developing through the gums, this may even make teething even more painful. In the first year of a baby’s life they will learn a lot of things through imitation, linking into bandura social learning theory as he believed that if a baby saw something or was given something off their main care giver they would believe it is good and then in future times they would imitate what they have been given.(Learning theories simplified, Bates) This links into dental health because if the baby is constantly given sugary foods because mother can not afford healthier options then the baby is constantly going to be okay with eating those foods as they do not know right from wrong, affecting the growth and strength of baby’s teeth, this could then make other issues arise such as signs of neglect

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One form of intervention that the mother may have at this stage is going to sessions with other mothers that have the same issue to discuss the situation and help influence each other to be better with their dental health. By mothers having the chance to go to sessions it may allow them to be all aware of the dangers of poor dental health. Another effect of dental health is that if the mother’s gums are sensitive and weak then the mother may not be able to eat proper nutritious meals. This may mean they eat less nutritious meals, this may lead to affecting the growth of limbs as the baby is not getting the vitamins needed for the correct development. This then may affect the baby when they are born as some limbs may not have been developed properly resulting in hindering their gross motor skills as they may not be able to walk or crawl at the stage needed too. Another form of intervention is that a health visitor may involve themselves to ensure that the mother is doing the right thing about her oral health. This links into the National health service (NHS) as they believe by having a health visitor you are giving the baby the best chance to a great start in life. (Health Careers, 2018). Linking into to dental health because if the mother has difficulties with taking care of her teeth, it could result in unclear communication between mother and baby, this may result in poor communication for the baby as they may not recognise the main care givers voice. But by involving the health visitor something can be done to ensure that the dental health of the mother will not affect the baby’s start to life.

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The impacts of Dental Health during pregnancy:

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The impacts of Dental Health during pregnancy:

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If the mother has poor dental health during pregnancy it may have a negative affect on the development of the pregnancy compared to having good dental health. One impact of gum disease in the mother is that it may be passed on to the baby if not taken care of. Certain medication given for gum disease could have affects, one of these could be hindering the development of the heart or lungs. If gum disease in a pregnant mother are left untreated then it could lead to a disease called periodontitis. Leading to an early birth, this can also then lead to other risk later in the baby’s life such as breathing difficulties.  Mothers may also suffer with gingivitis, this can cause bleeding gums. This is caused by the hormones that are responsible for the placenta. (Theblueroom.bupa.com.au,2018). However, if mother notices the signs of gum disease early on and gets it treated, then it should not affect the growth of the baby or have any other effects on the pregnancy. On the other hand, if the mother has poor dental health during pregnancy it may influence them to change their lifestyle and get intervention as they may want to become a role model. They may not want their baby when born to see their poorly looked after teeth.

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Dental health is a key part of everyday health, it is classed as the whole health of your mouth. Poor dental health can lead to being costly to treat. A quarter of all children in the UK have tooth decay (GOV.UK, 2018). There are several reasons why children and families may suffer with poor dental health, one of these could be lack of fluoride this links into low economic countries. Fluoride has the main responsibility of strengthening teeth as it goes straight to the teeth’s enamel (The dental health of a young child, 1996). 92 percent of adults in the UK suffer with tooth decay.