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"...if you don't understand the truth and if you get trapped in the fake news paradigm, then you are an accomplice" (Amanpour 2:55).

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For each note card, include the following information:

1. What source it is from
2. Label it as a quote, paraphrase, or summary
3. Author's name
4. Page numbers where information was located (use a time stamp for Ted Talks--see pink note card)
5. Information you want to use

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Many thought that the internet would bring about more democratic systems of sharing information since powerful news agencies would no longer be the only news producers; however, the sheer volume of people creating and sharing information in an almost-instantaneous fashion partnered with the use of bots to target specific audiences has overshadowed any predicted benefits (Burkhardt 10-11).

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1. You may find it helpful to color code your note cards with your source cards. For example, source 1 is pink, so any note cards that come from that source should be pink.

2. It will save you time later to label your note cards in MLA format. Both examples put the author's last name and page number in parenthesis at the end. This is a good habit to get into.

3. You can drag note cards from one column to another if you decide the information is a better fit somewhere else.

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Your goal is to have 6-7 pieces of information for each part of the outline, which is about 25-30 note cards total. You may find that one section has 10 note cards whereas another has only 4. Your topic will determine where you focus your attention. You may not use every note card once you get to the writing stage, but it is always better to have more than less.

For each section of the outline, you should have no more than two quotes. The research paper should rely much more on paraphrasing than quoting. See the handout for information on when to use quotes, paraphrasing, and summarizing.

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"Altruism, is when a living thing engages in behaviors that contribute to the survival and reproduction of others at the expense of its own survival and reproduction." (Wilson 1).

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Altruism is when someone sacrifices something or act selflessly for another at their own expense. Based on natural selection in nature, most animal or organisms are more likely to survive if they were to exhibit selfish behaviors. (Give an Example) So, animals would continue to keep reproducing their selfish traits, and eventually ones who are altruistic would die out. Although, that is the conclusion most people has come to Altruism is still very much common in our world today. (Wilson 1).

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There have been surveys conducted over long periods of time like from the year 1979 - present day. From the research conducted, it has been noticed that a sudden decrease in empathy has occurred to student or teenagers today. The decrease has been estimated to be by 40 percent and most assume with our advancement with technology or other issues that may arise can cause even more of a lack of empathy in the younger generation and more to come. (Goodwin 81).

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"President Donald Trump is winning praise for aggressively coordinating  the federal response to Hurricane Harvey, with one exception. He is showing an empathy gap." (Walsh 1).

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President Trump is considered a forceful leader who's effort are considered strong, yet he's lack an emotional connection to others which is empathy. Trump's breif responses to he summed up about the catastrophe  were criticized by many critics. Not only the phrases Trump states to others about his response was being criticized, also his actions committed were also very well discussed as well. Trump's actions and words stated on the catastrophe being considered unethical and not having any sense of empathy at all. (Walsh 1-2).

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"There was a very important study done a while ago at Princeton Theological Seminary that speaks to why is it that when all of us have so many opportunities to help, we do sometimes, and we don't other times." (Goleman 00:32).

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The author mentions... "the predicate of our lives, that we don't take every opportunity to help because our focus is in the wrong direction" which proves that people would help based on if they determined if they were late or not. (Goleman 01:26).

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In social neuroscience, there are two parts of the brain referred to as circuits that activate when we converse with others. So, when we go to help others our brain automatically empathize with them.  The authors brother goes to interview a man who is considered a serial killer. While he is interviewing him, the brother discovers the killer is a "certified genius". Yet, there is no relation to intelligence and emotions since different parts control each one. (Goleman 02:00).

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Student are often more preoccupied by their phones or technology. There have been studies demonstrating a drop from before in our levels of empathy shown. Most come to the conclusion that technology is allowing us to become more distant with others and cause one to care more about themselves than others. (Goodwin 81).

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The success of students often was said to be influenced based on the way teachers were. A man referred to as Paul Barnwell came to the conclusion that teachers who displayed "high personal warmth with high active demandingness" had kids also show empathy and warmth in return to please the teachers. Furthermore, the success of students and the empathy shown from them was determined based on "teacher warmth" and "how much the teacher smiled and talked in an encouraging manner." (Goodwin 82-83)

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The president is assumed to hold a position of leading others. As stated in the passages, Trump is said to show a lack of empathy to people who were struck with horror from Hurricane Harvey. With someone who is suppose to protect and lead a country well it may seem difficult for the people to trust and support the president displaying this type of behavior. (Walsh 1-2).

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Due to there being many leaders who have corrupted countries or groups they once represented, a president who lacks empathy can also influence others to demonstrate a lack of empathy. (Walsh 1-2).

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There's been an impending downfall in our communication and empathy levels. By comparing statistics from before to now, it will still continue to decrease even more  which can cause other consequences. Furthermore, not only has it caused trouble with relating to others by understanding how they may feel from empathy or communicating with them throughly about something, it will have a negative affect on society today and its future. (Goodwin 81).

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"'Don’t be selfish!' Why? Because being selfish is
wrong? Why? Because it is the pursuit of self-interest
at the expense of another. It hurts others." (Duska 28).

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One may demonstrate they are ethical if they act morally correctly during a situation. Using two terms selfishness and self-interest one would assume the two are merly identical to one another. "Self-interest is not selfishness." As self-interest is when you are going to pursue your interest in return for another while selfishness is considered to not be something one should be proud of and demonstrate a high value of the characteristic. (Duska 27-28).

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"And I think this speaks to a spectrum that goes from complete self-absorption, to noticing, to empathy and to compassion. And the simple fact is, if we are focused on ourselves, if we're preoccupied, as we so often are throughout the day, we don't really fully notice the other." (Goleman 02:58).

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People may feel empathy to others and decide it may be right to give to the ones in need. Yet, they may also do the same in a more "narcissistic hit" to feel better about themselves that they may be helping someone in need than to do it in an altruistic way in order to benefit others then themselves to make one feel better. (Goleman 3:11)

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The author comes to a conclusion that people who don't seem to notice others dismay may be more focused on themselves rather than the people around them. Since our society is more fast paced than ever before, we often attempt to cram many things into a small, limited schedule. With us seeming to rather go from one thing to another as quickly as possible there is a possibility it may limit us from noticing the need from others. (Goleman 01:38 - 4:58).

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People act selfishly due to how they only seem to view is as a common virtue they abide by. Whether it be from habit or something they seem to think from the top of their head from a certain situation. Furthermore, others may act with self-interest because they are interested in pursuing in their own interest, yet selfishness is does not include morals as well if it may be good or bad. Which in return due to how many people assume the two to be alike it may  be mistaken for the same thing due to others not understanding the difference. (Duska 27-28).

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The impact from leaders can be tremendous especially if it's the president of the United States. Someone who holds such a high position can have a great effect on their followers and the people they must represent and protect. The president Trump showed demonstrate a better understanding of his mistakes and learn from them. The past often repeats itself, and as the passage stated before that previous presidents have done the same, it would be wise for the current president to do the same. (Walsh 1-2)

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"By tampering down their digital cravings, students were able to foster more meaningful ties with others." (Goodwin 82).

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"By tampering down their digital cravings, students were able to foster more meaningful ties with others." (Goodwin 82).

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The very way people are treated by others they are supposed to look up to can affect someones ability to show empathy. For example, an experiment was conducted with teachers and students, and it was noticed that teachers who displayed a more friendly demeanor often had students who treated the teacher back due to a better relationship. While teacher who often were more technology focused and acted the opposite often had students who were more harsh and had more drop-out rates as well. (Goodwin 81-82).

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Altruism consists of one who sacrifices their need for something for another. People who often demonstrate this behavior may have recieved it from their parents due to how they treated them or possibly their genes. With the population becoming more influenced (leaders) and become unaware of the simple consequences of their actions which can cause someone to demonstrate more selfish traits, possible may cause altruism to dissapear with the studies and estimates from scientists. (Wilson 1).

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Self-interest tends to drive ones production to meet a goal while selfishness often has an opposing effect. The two both have similarities and differences, yet they can affect others dramatically. As stated before, the way people are treated and influenced by others affects them and may cause them to demonstrate the same behaviors. If the continuation of selfish traits is still shown about, not only will it hurt people it can cause anguish and many others to show the undesirable traits. (Duska 27-28).

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The passage concluded their has been a decline as stated before. Students, parents and teachers alike have come to the conclusion they've noticed a decline with simple activities like school events, playing at the par, and dinner. Simple things in everyday life have become impacted from the past to nowadays which has stripped people from having more empathy demonstrated and shown to others. (Goodwin 81).