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𝖴𝗇𝗍𝗂𝗅 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖾𝗇𝖽 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖲𝖾𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖽 𝖶𝗈𝗋𝗅𝖽 𝖶𝖺𝗋, 𝗇𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗅 𝗀𝗈𝗏𝖾𝗋𝗇𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗌 𝗐𝖾𝗋𝖾 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝖽𝗂𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗅𝗅𝗒 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗇𝗌𝗂𝖻𝗅𝖾 𝖿𝗈𝗋 𝖾𝗇𝗌𝗎𝗋𝗂𝗇𝗀 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝗐𝖾𝗅𝖿𝖺𝗋𝖾 𝗈𝖿 𝗍𝗁𝖾𝗂𝗋 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗂𝗓𝖾𝗇𝗌, 𝗁𝗈𝗐𝖾𝗏𝖾𝗋 𝗌𝗂𝗇𝖼𝖾 𝟣𝟫𝟦𝟧, 𝗆𝗈𝗋𝖾 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗆𝗈𝗋𝖾 𝗀𝗈𝗏𝖾𝗋𝗇𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗌 𝗁𝖺𝗏𝖾 𝖻𝖾𝖼𝗈𝗆𝖾 𝗆𝖾𝗆𝖻𝖾𝗋𝗌 𝗈𝖿 𝖨𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗇𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗅 𝖨𝗇𝗌𝗍𝗂𝗍𝗎𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇𝗌, 𝗌𝗎𝖼𝗁 𝖺𝗌 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖴𝗇𝗂𝗍𝖾𝖽 𝖭𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇𝗌 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗍𝗁𝖾 European Union, 𝗍𝗁𝗋𝗈𝗎𝗀𝗁 𝗐𝗁𝗂𝖼𝗁 𝗍𝗁𝖾𝗒 𝖺𝗀𝗋𝖾𝖾 𝗍𝗈 𝗌𝗍𝗂𝖼𝗄 𝗍𝗈 𝖨𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗇𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗅 𝗀𝗎𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗅𝗂𝗇𝖾𝗌 𝗈𝗇 𝗂𝗌𝗌𝗎𝖾𝗌 𝗌𝗎𝖼𝗁 𝖺𝗌 𝖼𝗂𝗍𝗂𝗓𝖾𝗇𝗌𝗁𝗂𝗉 𝖺𝗇𝖽 𝗁𝗎𝗆𝖺𝗇 𝗋𝗂𝗀𝗁𝗍𝗌. 𝖨𝗇 𝗍𝗁𝗂𝗌 𝗐𝖺𝗒, 𝗀𝗅𝗈𝖻𝖺𝗅 𝗉𝗈𝗅𝗂𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗅 𝗂𝖽𝖾𝖺𝗅𝗌 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗋𝗂𝖼𝗍 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖿𝗋𝖾𝖾𝖽𝗈𝗆 𝗈𝖿 𝗀𝗈𝗏𝖾𝗋𝗇𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗌 𝗍𝗈 𝗌𝗁𝖺𝗉𝖾 𝖽𝗈𝗆𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗂𝖼 𝗌𝗈𝖼

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𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐠𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 refers to the amount of political co-operation that exists between different countries and the growth of the worldwide political system in size and complexity.

The political system includes national governments, their governmental and intergovernmental organisations, as well as independent elements of the global civil society such as international non-governmental organisations and social movement organisations.
The League of Nations established after WW1 was one of the pioneers of political globalization.
Since then, global organisations such as the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the United Nations (UN) and more regional organisations such as the EU have helped to increase the degree of it.

The creation and existence of the United Nations has been called one of the classic examples of political globalization.
Watch this video to get to know more:

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What is POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION? What does POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION mean?

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𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐠𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 is global interconnectness between the people on this planet.

Social globalization eventually makes people feel that they all belong to one single community called earth.

Cultures and ethnicities have begun to mix and that is one of the key parts of social globalization.

Internet and social media is another very good example. For example here on Quora, people from all over the world come to share their ideas and opinions.

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A short definition of economic globalization is “The trans-national increase in trade and capital transfers across national boundaries.”

Let’s define those terms: Usually when we think of the global economy we think of “trade,” the buying and selling goods and services, such as cars, coffee, etc. But even larger is the movement of “capital,” meaning investing and speculating with money itself. Currently, the value of nations’ currencies bought and sold on international currency exchange boards every day total more than one trillion dollars. Most of this is not foreign direct investment (for example, the purchase of a factory), but simply speculation on the value of money, or “gambling.” Some have called it “Casino Capitalism.” This is seldom mentioned in the business pages, but it has ballooned over the past decades as controls on capital transfers were reduced or eliminated and now it is larger than all of the other international financial transactions combined. From 1980 to 1997, it grew by more than 6,000 percent.1 It was a contributing element in the recent Argentine recession and the key factor in creating the horrendous collapse of many Southeast Asian economies in the late 1990s.

The word “trans-national” and the phrase “across national boundaries” also need explanation. The world has always known international trade, but what makes modern economic globalization different is that nations are coming to play a smaller and weaker role in it. Modern transnational corporations have offices and production facilities in a dozen countries and swear allegiance to none of them. For example, “Fresh Del Monte” is thought of as an old U.S. company. However, it grows produce in twelve countries, processes it eight, and is owned by a Middle Easterner named Mohammad Abu-Ghazaleh who does not even live in the U.S. It maintains offices in Coral Gables, Florida, yet is incorporated in the Grand Cayman Islands so that it can avoid paying US taxes.2 So what is the “nationality” of this company? To whose laws is it accountable?

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𝐆𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade  and investment and aided by Information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being  in societies around the world.

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𝐆𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 is the development of a complex web of interconnectedness, meaning that our lives are increasingly shaped by events occuring at a great distance from us.
The central feature of globalization is that geographical distance is of declining relevance.
Territorial boundaries, particularly those between nation-states, have also become less important; states have become permeable, meaning that different states are interacting in multiple ways such as trading.
The aims of globalization are to improve the global market and the economic development of the world through the interaction of national economies in trade, investment, migration and technology.
Further more, to increase the integration of production, development, communication and culture among nations worldwide, also spurring the interaction between the world's governments.
Globalization is  divided into 3 categories: economic, political and social globalization.
Though all three are interdependent, economic and political forces are usually the driving factors of globalization, while social changes generally occur as a result of those activities.
Here is a short clip to globalization:

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𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐋𝐈𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐄 𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐄 𝐚 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐦 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐰𝐞 𝐝𝐨 𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬t 𝐢𝐭?
Climate Change is naturally caused by the global heating. But that is not the reason why climate change has become stronger in recent years. We are the problem respectively the industrialization is the problem. But why? We produce to much CO₂ and this destroys our environment. What can we do?? Demonstrate for the Exit of coal use. Use less Things that produce CO₂ like cars.

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𝐄𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐠𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 is about how interdependent different countries and regions are across the world as a result of the growing cross-border trade. It also covers the mobility of people, capital, technology, goods and services in the international market.
The aim of economic globalization is to absorb all national economies into a single global economy.
If you want to get any further information on economic globalization, then watch this video:

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This graph shows the countries that gain the most from globalization.
The gains from globalization are substantial for countries at early and middle stages of integration, such as Ethopia, India, Brazil, China and Russia, but they are smaller for countries that are already more globalized, such as the United States.

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The United Nations Charter was signed at a conference in San Francisco in June 1945, led by four countries: Britain, China, the Soviet Union and the United States.
Every September (to December), world leaders gather at the United Nations headquarters in New York to debate the most important issues facing the planet.
The meeting, known as the General Debate at the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), is attended by representatives of all 193 UN Member States.
Here's a picture of the flag of the United Nations:

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When you buy a Toyota car, its parts have been produced in several different countries. Toyota is one of hundreds of companies with globalized operations.

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𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐠𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 pertains to human interaction within cultural communities, encompassing topics like family, religion, work and education.
Social globalization is evident in the similarities of social trends between cultures, from consumerism to arts and humanities.
For example, the worldwide popularity of chain restaurants like KFC or a specific fashion trend.
Historically, social globalization has involved the continuous dispersion of ideals and religious beliefs, whether civilly or by force.
Most importantly, though, it is marked by the increase in association among people from separate parts of the world.
This is often countered by a weak affinity between people in the same region.
The aim of social globalization is to 'flatten out' cultural differences between nations and regions to mix them and make one multicultural world.
This image is supposed to show how widely spread social media apps are in the world:

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Globalization's impact on economic growth:

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Effects of globalization:

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𝐂𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 refers to the rise in the average surface temperatures on earth.
The main cause of climate change is global warming, which has many negative consequences on physical, biological and human systems, as well as other effects.
Global warming is caused by the greenhouse effect, a natural process in which the atmosphere retains some of the sun’s heat, allowing the earth to maintain the necessary conditions for host life. Without the greenhouse effect, the average temperature of the planet would be around -18⁰C.
The problem is that daily human activities maximize the greenhouse effect, causing the planet’s temperature to increase even more.
The global temperature increase brings disastrous consequences, endangering the survival of the earth’s flora and fauna, including human beings.
The worst climate change impacts include the melting of the ice mass at the poles, which causes rising sea level, producing flooding and threatening coastal environments through which small island states risk disappearing entirely.
Climate change also increases the appearance of more violent weather phenomena, drought, fires, the death of animal and plant species, flooding from rivers and lakes, the creation of climate refugees and destruction of the food chain and economic resources, especially in developing countries.

So what can we do, to fight climate change?
First, it is important to be know that climate change cannot be avoided completely, but we can reduce its effects and adapt to its consequences.
Here’s a list of actions, that you can take:

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Stop plastic pollution (padlet Damian&Aryan)

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A transnational company (TNC) is a huge commercial enterprise, which operates large facilities in several countries and does not consider any particular country its national home. Yet, it still holds one main headquarter in a specific place. Many TNCs are much richer than entire countries. One of the significant advantages of a transnational company is that they are ablee to maintain a greater degree of responsiveness to the international market. TNCs can also provide work for millions of people and enrich a country’s economy, but some say that there is a destructive downside to TNCs. They say that TNCs can exploit the workers with low wages and destroy the environment.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/find_out/guides/world/trade/newsid_3099000/3099680.stm
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/transnational-company.html

Nike for example, is one of the biggest transitional companies in the world.
Nike is an American company, which was founded on the 25th of January 1964 under the name Blue Ribbon Sports by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight.
It is known for its athletic footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories.
Its Swoosh symbol and „Just Do It" slogan are iconic throughout the whole world.
Nikes total revenue amounted to 36.4 billion U.S. dollars, by selling approximately 120 million goods in 2018.
Superbrands such as Nike have been described as one of the central mediums of globalization and as symbols of a global economy.
Nike has an annual budget of 2.7 billion dollars to spend on marketing, to promote the brand, which has proven to be very successful, as in 2012 their revenue increased about 6.43 billion dollars.
Athletes like Ronaldinho, Christiano Ronaldo, Tiger Woods and Michael Jordan are all sponsored by Nike to promote the brand by wearing it and advertising it.
However, the glossy image, Nike strives to provide is not shared with its employees, who have to produce their product.
Nike employs thousands of people who have to work in crowded sweatshops for about 77-84 hours a week. In comparison to Germany, a full-time employee has how to for 42 hours a week.
Nike takes advantage of national differences in the cost of production, by opening  manufactures in LEDCs such as Indonesia. That’s why workers in sweatshops earn around 20 cents per hour.
There have been numerous reports about labourers being physically abused by supervisors to keep them in line and an average of 15 women are hit on the head every hour.
Tiger Woods is one of Nike's top salesman, he earns 20 million dollars a year just for wearing  Nike apparel, while playing golf.
Whereas Indonesians who make the apparel in inhuman conditions, only earn an average of 786 dollars a year.
Nike does not manufacture its own products, it purchases them from independent contractors in underdeveloped countries where wages are extremely low, to resell them in richer countries where people can afford to pay $100  for them, even though they only took 17 dollars to produce.
Nike has contracts with over 700 sweatshops around the world, employing more than 550,000 thousand workers. Indonesia alone is responsible for profits over 1 billion dollars annually.
Jobs in sweatshops are highly desired in Indonesia as 36 million people are unemployed and over 60% of Indonesia’s population lives below the poverty line at 1.50 dollars a day.
Barely any workers have any regrets, because about 85% of Nike's work force are women who have limited rights and choices, so they are bound to the work in factories as it is the only place which will let them work.
Nike spurs globalization by connecting people with their clothing, but uses an hideous and evil system to achieve it.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/241683/nikes-sales-worldwide-since-2004/
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike,_Inc.
https://youtu.be/e3kiv3gynZI
https://youtu.be/b0jG8jJCMfU

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First of all: What are transnational companies (TNC). Transnational companies are cross-border companies based on a direct investment. They have subsidiaries (minimum one) abroad, so they have production sites away from there headquarter. They also have stock shares in other companies or directly bought up some.

Volkswagen: VW is a transnational company and also the world biggest car group with a sale of 235,8 billion euro and 11.018.000  cars produced (2018). There headquarter is in Wolfsburg (germany) and the have many manufactories in other countries. VW has many other companies under there control like Audi, SEAT, ŠKODA, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Porsche, Ducati, Scania and MAN.

The Group operates 122 manufacturing facilities in 20 European countries and in 11 countries in the Americas, Asia and Africa. 664,496 employees produce vehicles around the globe, are involved in vehicle-related services or work in other business areas. The Volkswagen Group offers its vehicles in 153 countries.

With its "TOGETHER - Strategy 2025" future program announced in 2016, the Volkswagen Group is pursuing the goal of making the Volkswagen Group more focused, efficient, innovative, customer-oriented, sustainable and consistently geared towards profitable growth. It forms the framework for the Volkswagen Group's vision of being a global leader in sustainable mobility. The Volkswagen Group is therefore resolutely pushing ahead with its transformation. The Group will continue to shape individual mobility in the future, too.

To this end, the Group will realign its automotive core business, in addition with almost 70 new e-models until the year 2028. In addition, the focus is on the expansion of battery technology and autonomous driving as new core competencies.

The CEO of VW is Herbert Diess (Apr. 2018–)

Quellen:  https://www.volkswagenag.com/de/group/portrait-and-production-plants.html

Google search VW