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Thomas Jefferson won in the presidential election of 1800 which was verses  John Adams. Before Jefferson took office on March 4, 1801, Adams and Congress passed the Judiciary Act 1801, which created new courts, added judges, and gave the president more control over appointment of judges. He used the act to appoint 16 new circuit judges and 42 new justices of the peace. The appointees were approved by the Senate, but they were not valid until their commissions were delivered by Secretary of State James Madison.

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The courts unanimously decided not to require Madison to deliver the commissions. The courts said they did not have jurisdiction to force Madison to deliver the papers and it violated the Constitution

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  The social impact and 
          significance

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  The social impact and 
          significance

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The social changes where that it changed the court system in different ways it established powers not listed in the constitution and also was stated a writ of mandamus, which is a court order that requires an official to perform or refrain from doing a certain action. The significance of this case is that it established judicial review. Judicial review is the process of declaring laws unconstitutional. Judicial review also gave the judicial branch the power to make it equal among the branches of the United States.

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The constitutional question was did the plaintiff have the right to their commission and could they sue for their commissions in court.

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Marbury v. Madison Case Brief Summary | Law Case Explained

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Marbury vs. Madison: What Was the Case About? | History

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Judiciary Act of 1789 Section 13 is Unconstitutional- The Legislative branch can't change Article 3 section 2  of the constitution

The Writ of Mandamus (Court Order) - Couldn't be granted
The case needed to start in the District Court