# data[].attributes.body
Low sodium level due to fluid overload. Excessive water retention dilutes sodium in the blood.

High potassium level due to reduced excretion of potassium by kidneys

High level of BUN indicated impaired kidney function as the kidneys are unable to adequately filter & remove urea from the blood.

High level of creatinine. This indicates severe renal impairment or kidney failure as creatinine is not being effectively cleared by the kidney.

# data[].attributes.body
Low sodium level due to fluid overload. Excessive water retention dilutes sodium in the blood.

High potassium level due to reduced excretion of potassium by kidneys. This lead to serious cardiac arrhythmias.

High level of BUN indicates impaired kidney function as kidney are unable to adequately filter and remove urea from the blood

High level of creatinine indicates severe renal impairment or kidney failure as creatinine is not being effectively cleared by the kidney

# data[].attributes.body
Sodium-Hyponatremia.

Low sodium level due to fluid overload.

Potassium-Hyperkalemia.

High potassium level due to reduced excretion of potassium by kidneys.

This can lead to serious cardiac arrythmias

BUN-Elevated BUN.

High level of BUN indicates impaired kidney function as kidney are unable to adequately filter and remove urea from the blood.

Creatinine-Elevated creatinine.

High level of creatinine indicates severe renal impairment or kidney failure as creatinine is not being effectively cleared by the kidney.

# data[].attributes.body
Sodium: hyponatremia due to fluid retention

Potassium: Hyperkalaemia, leads to cardiac arrhythmias

BUN: elevated BUN caused by reduced kidney function, dehydration.

Creatinine: elevated creatine indicating impaired kinder function and reduced glomerular filtration rate

# data[].attributes.body
Hyponatremia (sodium 132 mmol/L) due to fluid overload and end stage renal disease.

Hyperkalemia (potassium 8.1 mol/L) as she skipped hemodialysis sessions for her End stage renal disease (ESRD)

for the past one week due to financial issues.

Elevated blood urea nitrogen (46 mg/dL) as the kidney loses ability to excrete urea, by product of protein metabolism due to ESRD.

Elevated creatinine (4.5 mg/dL) as the kidney loses ability to excrete creatinine, by product of muscle breakdown due to ESRD.

# data[].attributes.body
low sodium levels because of fluid overload due to renal failure

high potassium levels due to skipping dialysis, allowing potassium to accumulate in the kidneys

high BUN is because of impaired kidney function, unable to excrete waste

high creatine is because of renal impairment, accumulation of waste product in the blood

# data[].attributes.body
Sodium is low due to fluid retention. Fluid overload dilutes sodium in the blood.

Potassium is elevated (hyperkalemia). Due to unable excrete waste by the kidneys.

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is elevated. High level indicates impaired kidney function as kidney are unable to adequately filter and remove urea from the blood.

Creatinine is elevated. Indicates severe renal impairment or kidney failure as creatinine is not being effectively cleared by kidney.

# data[].attributes.body
Low Sodium - Hyponatremia due to vomiting and End stage renal disease (ESRD).

High potassium - Hyperkalemia as she skipped hemodialysis sessions for her End stage renal disease (ESRD) for the past one week due to financial issues

Elevated Blood urea nitrogen

the kidney loses the ability to excrete urea, by product of protein metabolism due to ESRD.

Elevated creatinine as the kidney loses ability to excrete creatinine, by product of muscle breakdown due to ESRD.

# data[].attributes.body
Sodium: Hyponatremia due to vomiting and ESRD

Potassium: Hyperkalemia due to skipping hemodialysis for ESRD for past one week

BUN: Elevated blood urea nitrogen as the kidney loses ability to excrete urea

Creatinine: High creatinine level as the kidney loses ability to excrete creatinine

# data[].attributes.body
Hyponatremia is caused by the fluid retention in the body causing the concentration of the sodium to fall reducing sodium levels

High levels of potassium at 8.1mmol/L because potassium is meant to be excreted through the kidneys. During kidney failure, potassium is retained causing potassium levels to be elevated.

Kidney function impaired causes a build up of nitrogenic waste in the body which includes the Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) causing elevated levels.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Hyponatremia due to fluid retention

2. Hyperkalemia as she skipped hemodialysis sessions for her End stage renal disease (ESRD) for the past one week due to financial issues.

3. Elevated blood urea nitrogen as the kidney loses ability to excrete urea, due to ESRD

4. Elevated creatinine as the kidney loses ability to excrete creatinine, by product of muscle breakdown due to ESRD

# data[].attributes.body
hyponatremia is due to an increase in fluid retention, which leads to a decrease in concentration of NA+ ions in patients body

hyperkalemia is due to kidney failure. Kidney failure leads to a decrease in excretion of K+, this leads to an increase in K+ levels in the body

BUN is elevated due to impaired kidney function as the kidneys cannot excrete the waste appropriately leading to accumulation and increase in BUN levels in the body

Creatinine is increased due to impaired renal function as creatinine is not being properly excreted out of the body

# data[].attributes.body
Sodium level is low 132mmol/L (hyponatremia) as the normal range is 135-145 mmol/L. due to kidney dysfunction and fluid retention

Potassium level is high which is 8.1 mmol/L and they normal range is 3.5-5.0 mmol/L which indicated as hyperkalemia. The electrocardiogram also indicated a peaked T-wave.

Blood Urea nitrogen, indicated as elevated (46mg/dL) where the normal range is 6-24mg/dL

Elevated Creatinine as the results 4.5mg/dL, normal range is 0.7-1.5mg/dL which indicated as reduced glomerular filtration rate

# data[].attributes.body
Low sodium in the blood serum due to fluid overload.

High potassium due to inability to excrete waste such as potassium out of body through urine.

High BUN as kidney function is impaired hence unable to properly filter and excrete urea out of the body

High creatinine as kidney function is impaired hence unable to properly filter and excrete urea out of the body

# data[].attributes.body
Long PR interval

# data[].attributes.body
Prolonged QRS complex

# data[].attributes.body
Absent P waves, Sinusoidal wave

# data[].attributes.body
Prolonged QRS complex

# data[].attributes.body
low sodium level of 133 mmol/L, less than 135 mmol/L

hyponatremia

kidney not functioning well which causes fluid overload, leading to low sodium level

high potassium level of 8.1 mmol/L, more than 5.0 mmol/L

hyperkalemia

# data[].attributes.headline
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 2 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.subject
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 2 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.body
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 1 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.body
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 1 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.body
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with Type I Respiratory Failure

# data[].attributes.body
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 1 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.body
partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 1 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.body
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 1 respiratory failure.

# data[].attributes.body
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 1 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.body
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 1 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.body
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 2 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.headline
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with Type 1 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.subject
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with Type 1 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.body
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 1 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.body
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 1 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.body
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 2 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.body
partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type I respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.body
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 2 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.headline
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 1 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.subject
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 1 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.headline
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with hypoxemia and hypoxai 

# data[].attributes.subject
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with hypoxemia and hypoxai 

# data[].attributes.headline
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 1 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.subject
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 1 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.body
Partilally compensated metabolic acidosis with Type I respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.body
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with type 1 respiratory failure

# data[].attributes.body
1. Monitor serum potassium level for the patient at risk of hyperkalemia. Report abnormal result to doctor. Hyperkalemia affects electrical conduction of the heart, particularly when serum potassium level is 6.5 mEq/L or higher

2. Monitor the cardiac rhythm for patient with severe hyperkalaemia. Report rhythm changes immediately to doctor. To observe characteristic ECG changes of hyperkalemia such as peaked, narrowed T waves, prolongation of PR interval, depression of segment, widened QRS interval and loss of P wave. This indicates an increasing risk of cardiac arrest

3. Monitor the response of IV Calcium Gluconate particularly in patient taking digitalis.Calcium increased the risk of digital toxicity

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1. Nursing Intervention

Monitor serum potassium levels for patient at risk of hypokalemia. Report abnormal result to doctor.

Rationale

Potassium must be replaced daily because the body is unable to conserve it. Patient with excess losses of potassium due to drug therapy, losses of potassium in urine or gastric fluids, or lack of intake can lead to hypokalemia.

2. Nursing Intervention

Monitor vital signs, including blood pressure and peripheral pulses.

Rationale

As cardiac output falls, the pulse becomes weak and thread, and orthostatic hypotension may be noted.

3. Nursing Intervention

Closely monitor the cardiac rhythm for patients with severe hypokalemia. Report rhythm changes immediately to doctor.

Rationale

To observe for characteristic ECG changes of hypokalemia such as ST depression, flattened T waves, and P waves.

4. Nursing Intervention

Monitor patient taking digitalis for toxicity such as fatigue, weakness, confusion, dizziness, hypotension, nausea.

Rationale

Hypokalemia potentiates digitalis effects and increases resistance to certain antiarrhythmias.

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NC: Monitor serum potassium levels for patient at risk of
hypokalemia. Report abnormal result to doctor.

R:Potassium must be replaced daily because the body is unable to conserve it. Patient with excess losses of potassium due to drug therapy, losses of potassium in urine or gastric fluids, or lack of intake can lead to hypokalemia.

NC: Monitor vital signs, including blood pressure and peripheral pulses.

R:As cardiac output falls, the pulse becomes weak and thread, and orthostatic hypotension maybe noted.

NC: Closely monitor the cardiac rhythm for patients with severe hypokalemia. Report rhythm changes immediately to doctor

R:To observe for characteristic ECG changes of hypokalemia such as ST depression, flattened T waves, and P waves.

NC: Monitor patient taking digitalis for toxicity such as fatigue, weakness, confusion, dizziness, hypotension, nausea.

R:Hypokalaemia potentiates digitalis effects and increases
resistance to certain anti-arrhythmias.

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NC: Administer IV Calcium Gluconate as prescribed

R: IV Calcium Gluconate helps stabilize the myocardial cell membrane against the depolarizing effects of hyperkalemia, reducing the risk of arrhythmias and improving cardiac contractility.

NC: Administer IV Insulin and Dextrose as prescribed

R: Insulin helps drive potassium back into the cells, temporarily lowering the serum potassium level. Dextrose is given concurrently to prevent hypoglycemia caused by insulin administration. This intervention helps reduce the hyperkalemic effects on the heart.

NC: Administer PO Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate (Resonium) as prescribed

R: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Resonium) exchanges sodium ions for potassium ions in the gut, promoting potassium excretion through the stool. This reduces serum potassium levels and helps prevent further cardiac complications.

NC: Monitor Cardiac Rhythm Continuously

R: Continuous cardiac monitoring allows for the early detection of life-threatening arrhythmias related to hyperkalemia. Immediate identification of arrhythmias enables rapid intervention to prevent cardiac arrest.