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2. Carl Rogers
-Humanist: people are good
-Unconditional Positive Regard Theory
-Personal growth is influenced by those around, especially those who are genuine and caring
*self-concept influences your perception of the world; "Who am I?"
(+) image= (+) world
(-) image= (-) world

Albert Bandura: BOBO doll experiment; social modeling
Julian Rotter's Locus of Control Cognitive Theory
-Internal: what happens to you is based on your doing
-External: what happens to you is beyond your control

Martin Seligman
-Learned Helplessness (dogs)

Trait Theorists:
1. Gordan Allport
-believes we ignore the conscious/obvious
2. Cattel
-traits done by factor analysis
3. Tupes/Christal
The big 5traist dimesions: OCEAN
4. Eysenk (Hans/Sybil)
3 Traits:
-Introvert/Extravert
-Stability/Instability
-Neuroticism/Psychoticism
5. Walter Mischel
-Behavior appears consistent because of people's initial perceptions of them

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Alfred Adler
Believes problems stem from tensions in childhood social situations--childhood feelings of inferiority
Pros: leads to trying harder
Cons" Overcompensation
--Inferiority Complex (where our emotional grit stands).."I'm not as good as....) Not having a growth mindset, we see failure as shutting down not growth  *the more growth mindset the less inferiority complex*

Birth Order
Oldest
--Responsible, mature, high achiever, energetic, scholarly, logical, ambitious, enterprising
Middle 1
--Loner, quiet, shy, impatient, uptight
Middle 2
--Outgoing, friendly, loud, laid back, patient
Youngest Child
--Immature, Goofy, Risk takers, hard-working, attention seekers, secretive, sensitive, good sense of humor, idealists
Only Child
--Much like the oldest, can have difficulties sharing, mature faster, adult language, prefer adult company, self-centered, perfectionist, attention seekers
Twins
Leader:
--resemble first born, aggressive, loud, outspoken, opinionated, intolerantly
Twin
Follower:
resemble shy middle child
shy
loner

Variables that impact birth order roles
Parents--marital status, parenting style, parent's birth order, strictness of parents, critical eye of parent, Gender--double birth order, Separate Families--more than a 5 year gap; start a new family, Adoption/Remarriage--bumped either up or down on birth order scale; all depends on age at time and where other kids fall, Death of Parents/Sibling--bumps child either up or down; have different effects when parent dies; "Ghost" children

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Freud Bathroom Drawings

Psychosexual Stages of Development:

1. Oral Stage(0-1.5)
*Pleasure center in mouth
*Fixations: Oral fixation; dependency

2. Anal Stage (1.5-3.5)
*Pleasure center in anus and elimination
*Fixations: anal retentive; anal expulsive

3. Phallic Stage (3.5-6)
*Pleasure center in genitals
*Jealousy of same sex parent
*Fixations:
-Oedipus Complex: replace father and marry mother
-Electra Complex: replace mother and marry father
-Penis Envy: women's desire to possess same organ as men
-Cinderella Complex: fear of independence and want to be cared for by opposite sex
-Peter Pan Complex: desire to remain young forever
-Castration Anxiety: fear of losing genitals

4. Latency (6-12)
*Lose interest in opposite sex
*"Cootie" period

5. Genital Stage (Puberty)
*Full adult sexuality
*Must work on "fixations"
*Unresolved problems surface

Other Theories-Psychodynamic

2. Karen Horney

Ways of coping with anxiety:
-Compliant: submit to others
-Aggressive: hostile towards others
-Detached: withdraw from others

Fraiser:

3 Freudian Concepts:
1 defense mechanism application
2 psychosexual stage applications

Oedipus Complex: found a girl who looks just like his mom
Anal Retentive: sprays bug repellent
Regression

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Carl Jung
use to study under Freud, Disagreed w importance he packed on sex

Theory has 2 unconscious:
personal- no man's land (if chosen)
collective- influential

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Openness
Contentiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Personality: the sum total of characteristics that classify someone as an individual

Role: this is a persona you play in society (ex. daughter, friend, teacher)

3 types of personality:
Body self: physical traits and abilities "BODY"
Social Self: how others see you "INNER"
Private Self: you inner world "OUTER"

2 types of personality tests
Objective Personality Test: from outside sources/paper tests
3 types:
1. interview
----A. Directed (structured)
----B. Non directed (unstructured/ free response)
2. Observation
3. Self-Interview
A. T/F--MMPI
B. Agreement Scale (Likert Scale)
C. Adjective checklist
D. Aspects rating (1-10)

Strengths/Weaknesses of Objective Tests:
pro: easy, fast, consistent scoring
con: superficial, you can figure the tests out

The opposite for Projective Tests
Sense of what the person is feeling
takes longer

Projective Personality Test: (from the inside-personal)
3 types:
1. word association tests
--stimulus words
--can explain response
2. Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT)
--Uses pictures
-Imagination
-created by Henry Murray

strenghts individualized, easy, fasy consistnetn
weakness: you can figure the test out

3. Rorschach Test
-Inkblots

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Inner/Outer Self Activity:
-Name 5 personality qualities of yourself:
1) Shy
2) Caring
3) Hardworking
4) Focused
5) Responsible

Find a partner and name 5 qualities about them:
1) Thoughtful
2) Quiet
3) Hardworking
4)
5)

Congruence:
2: Hardworking, Quiet