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One form of cooperation businesses used were trusts. Trusts occur when one company allows another company to "manage" their business. Trusts were often used as a way around monopol

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Trusts occur when one company allows another company to "manage" their business. Trusts were often used as a way around monopoly laws. The Robber Baron that had the most trusts was Rockefeller, who had a total of 41. 

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trol of the oil industry by being a conman, which earned him the name "Rockafello

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" Standard Oil was thus presented as the antidote to social Darwinism, a way to bring about brotherhood to a fractious industry... In a state of ungoverned competition, selfish individuals tried to maximize their profits and thereby impoverish the entire industry. What the American economy needed instead were new cooperative forms (trusts, pools, monopolies) that would restrain grasping individuals for the general good... It was an ingenious rationalization,"
--- Ron Chernow, historian, Titan: The life of John D. Rockefeller, Dr., 1998
a)Briefly analyze the author's conclusion that Rockefeller's defense of the Standard Oil trust as "the antidote to social Darwinism" was an "ingenious rationalization"
Rockefeller took control of the oil industry by being a conman, which earned him the name "Rockafellow". He would convince companies that he was helping them, and then undercut them in pricing and eventually outpace them. Standard Oil was disguised as a mutually beneficial trust, but instead was just a way for Rockefeller to monopolize the market.
b) Briefly explain how TWO of the four operated a forms of "cooperation" among businesses
- pools
- trusts
- monopolies
One form of cooperation businesses used were trusts. Trusts occur when one company allows another company to "manage" their business. Trusts were often used as a way around monopoly laws. The Robber Baron that had the most trusts was Rockefeller, who had a total of 41.

Another form of cooperation between businesses were pools. "Pools" or "cartels" were created when companies joined together and behaved as one mega company. This was another form of cooperation outlawed by the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.