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Adaptive-Phenomenon: ability to form judgements of sounds, lights, based on prior experience

Positive Physcology: study of optimal human functioning. Aims to promote conditions that allow people to thrive

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS): Process through which we respond to certain stressful events:
-Alarm
-Resistance
-Exhaustion

Yerkes-Dodson Theory: Optimum stress necessary for optimum performance
Too much stress = bad
too little stress = bad

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Hypertonicity: cellular dehydration (drink more water)

Hypotension: high-pressure (swelling) = too much fluid

Sodium Stimulation:
1. Inside Cells
-monitors water level
-salt causes cells to lose water
-activates hypothalamus

2. Outside Cells
-extracellular fluid detected through kidneys if low increases thirst

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1. Levels of Glucose Level
-Low glucose = Hunger

2. Hypothalamus
-Lateral Hypothalamus (stimulates hunger)
-Triggers hormone Orexin
-Ventromedial (Depress hunger)

3. Stomach / Intestines
-Hormone Leptin
-Decrease food intake

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Izard Theory: 10 basic emotions, cross-cultural, present in infancy, all other emotions are a compination of the original 10.

6 Basics:
Joy, Anger, disgust, surprise

Duchene Smile: Real Smile

Learned Motives:
-Learned through modeling / Observation of Others

1. Aggression: Intent to inflict harm or pain
Connection through learned helplessness

2. Achievement
-a need to excel or overcome obstacles
-highly motivated children and upbringing, early independence & encouragement
- Emotional & Cognitive Roots

Primary Drive: Hunger
Secondary Drive: (non physiological) eating a treat even though you may not be hungry

Stimulus Motives:
-Unlearned Motives that encourage exploration of world
-Used to obtain information on the world...even when bored

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Approach-Approach Conflict: occurs when you must choose between two desirable outcomes
ex. going on a date w a cute boy or seeing a movie with your best friend
Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict: occurs when you must choose between two unattractive outcomes
ex. parents tell you to clean your room or rake the leaves

Approach-Avoidance: exists when ONE event or goal has both attractive and unattractive features
ex. you love cotton candy, but it upsets your stomach

Multiple approach-avoidance conflicts: must choose between trow or more things, each of which have desirable and undesirable features
ex. choosing college
-Duke has warm weather, but bad dance team
-Harvard has ugly colors, but a great legacy

Opponent Process Theory: Emotions are in pairs (fear/relief; pleasure/pain), similar to color theory for sight
ex.

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Task v. Social
-Task focuses on goals, sets standards
-Social: Mediates conflicts, builds teamwork

Theory X v. Theory Y
-X: constant monitoring of workers, hovers
-Y: intrinsic motivation, share control

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Need to Belong: Harlow; we need people, we have a need and acceptance, we will change our actions to fit in the certain groups

Achievement Motivation: desire for significant accomplishment
-Extrinsic: desire to perform a behavior for reward or avoid punishment
-Intrinsic: Desire to perform a behavior for your own sake

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Excitement, Plateau, Orgasm, and Resolution

Psychology of Sex: What motivate sex? Men & Woman respond to same stimuli

Sexual Disorders: Problems that consistently impair sexual functioning

Sexual Orientation: Sexual attraction to members of a particular gender

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Motivation: a need or desire that directs behavior
Incentive Theory: positive or negative environmental stimuli that motivate behavior
Physiological v. Psychological
-Hunger drives to eat
-Fatigue drives us to rest
Drive Reduction Theory: A physical need creates a drive to satisfy the need
ex. Money does not satisfy , it reduces such other drives on a regular basis
Maslow Hierarchy of Needs: pyramid of human needs, ends with self actualization Hunger Drive/ Weight Disorders: both internal and external reasons for hunger: anorexia, bulimia, and obesity

Thirst Drive: Reduction of fluid in and outside of cell caused by sodium

Lateralmedial: makes you feel hungery
Ventromedial: makes you feel full