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Helpful Website for Advancements in Revolution

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Helpful Website for Advancements in Revolution

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The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

A lot of people confuse the Scientific Revolution with the Enlightenment. While the two overlap in many respects, they are technically not one and the same. The Scientific Revolution took place earlier than the Enlightenment. While there are no clearly defined dates, the Scientific Revolution lasted throughout the 16th and 17th centuries and was characterized by the emergence of modern science.

The Scientific Revolution resulted in science becoming a distinct discipline separate from philosophy or theology. This revolution was characterized by numerous advances in the fields of physics, mathematics, astronomy, and biology. It also helped undermine the influence of the Catholic Church. Galileo, Copernicus, and Isaac Newton were leading figures of the Scientific Revolution.

The Enlightenment, on the other hand, extended beyond the field of science and was a much broader intellectual movement. It lasted from the late 17th to the early 19th century and emphasized themes like reason, individualism, and skepticism. In many respects the Enlightenment was anti-clerical. Deism was a major product of the Enlightenment. Deism is the belief that God allows the universe to operate according to natural law, with no supernatural interference.

Tolerance, religious liberty, limited government, and human rights are other key themes associated with the Enlightenment. The Scientific Revolution helped lead to the Enlightenment. Because the two are so closely related, we will include the major themes of the Scientific Revolution in this lesson.

Advances in Astronomy

Many important astronomical advances were made during the Scientific Revolution. Let's highlight a few of them. The shift from a geocentric view of the universe to a heliocentric view of the universe is one of the most important advances of the Scientific Revolution. Of course, geocentric means 'Earth-centered' and heliocentric means 'sun-centered.' Throughout ancient times, and even the Middle Ages, it was widely held that the Earth was at the center of the universe. This longstanding view was based on the work of ancient Greek scholar Ptolemy.

By the 16th century, the geocentric view was increasingly coming under attack. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) formulated the modern heliocentric view, which he set forth in his 1543 work On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. Copernicus' view revolutionized the field of astronomy. Interestingly, the heliocentric view was met with resistance by the Catholic Church because this new view was believed to contradict the orthodox doctrines of the day.

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was another important figure of the Scientific Revolution. In addition to being a staunch supporter of Copernican heliocentrism, Galileo helped pioneer the development of the telescope. Because he did not ascribe to geocentrism, he was condemned by the Catholic Church as a heretic and spent the last years of his life under house arrest.

German astronomer Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) is another key figure. Kepler specialized in planetary motion and is remembered for formulating what is now commonly called 'Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion.'

Advances in Physics and Other Fields

Isaac Newton (1642-1727) is arguably the most important figure of the Scientific Revolution. In his monumentally important work Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, Newton formulated the Laws of Motion and the Law of Universal Gravitation. Newton was giant of his field, and his discoveries form the basis of modern science today.

Many scientists of the 16th and 17th century concerned themselves with what they called mechanical philosophy. Mechanical philosophy dealt with issues of matter and motion, and in many ways was a fancy word for 'physics.' Some scientists in the field even proposed primitive variations of atomic theory. René Descartes was a notable pioneer in mechanical philosophy.

A major innovation of the Scientific Revolution was the improved scientific method. The scientific method, of course, is a technique for testing hypotheses and arriving at fact. Now, primitive forms of deductive scientific reasoning have been around since ancient times. The modern scientific method, however, as we know, is a direct product of the Scientific Revolution. Men like Francis Bacon and René Descartes were instrumental in developing the modern scientific method.

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science during the enlightenment period: innovations

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discoveries & major figures - video & lesson transcript | study.com

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Science During the Enlightenment Period: Innovations, Discoveries & Major Figures - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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A lot of people confuse the Scientific Revolution with the Enlightenment. While the two overlap in many respects, they are technically not one and the same. The Scientific Revolution took place earlier than the Enlightenment. While there are no clearly defined dates, the Scientific Revolution lasted throughout the 16th and 17th centuries and was characterized by the emergence of modern science.

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Incredible Website on Enlightenment Voices

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Incredible Website on Enlightenment Voices

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SparkNotes: The Enlightenment (1650-1800): Key People & Terms

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Definitions of the important terms you need to know about in order to understand The Enlightenment (1650-1800), including Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750), Francis Bacon (1561-1626), Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794), John Comenius (1592-1670), René Descartes (1596-1650), Denis Diderot (1713-1784), Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832), Olympe de Gouges (1748-1793), Hugo

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Some other links for our research/ every website we looked at:

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Some other links for our research/ every website we looked at:

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Khan Academy

http://www.christendom-awake.org/pages/trower/lecture-lancaster.htm

http://www.biographyonline.net/people/famous/enlightenment.html

http://peopleof.oureverydaylife.com/catholic-church-enlightenment-5697.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0B28_gwj0M

The Philosophers Philosophers Advocate for Reason.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_science

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_attitudes_towards_science

http://www.theopedia.com/age-of-enlightenment

http://www.biography.com/people/voltaire-9520178#synopsis

http://www.fm.coe.uh.edu/timeline/1600s.html

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Why did they decide to move forward then and not a lot earlier?

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Why did they decide to move forward then and not a lot earlier?

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Were there any other places where a Scientific Revolution occurred at the same time besides Europe?

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Were there any other places where a Scientific Revolution occurred at the same time besides Europe?

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Who are some of the people that promoted the scientific revolution/ the ideas of the enlightenment?

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Who are some of the people that promoted the scientific revolution/ the ideas of the enlightenment?

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What were some of the specific advancements in this revolution?

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What were some of the specific advancements in this revolution?

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European Enlightenment 1650-1800  Origin of Source: Online Study Guide  Secondary Source: The Enlightenment was a sprawling intellectual, philosophical, cultural, and social movement that spread through England, France, Germany, and other parts of Europe during the 1700s. Enabled by ...

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Who started the fire of the enlightenment and how

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Who started the fire of the enlightenment and how

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Uncover the controversy surrounding Enlightenment writer Voltaire's life and work, including Candide , and the details of his resulting arrests and exiles, at Biography.com.

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Why did the church officials feel they needed to hurt people who promoted science?

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Why did the church officials feel they needed to hurt people who promoted science?

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European Enlightenment 1650-1800  Origin of Source: Online Study Guide  Secondary Source: The Enlightenment was a sprawling intellectual, philosophical, cultural, and social movement that spread through England, France, Germany, and other parts of Europe during the 1700s. Enabled by ...