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Social Contract - According to Locke, if the government or leader fails to protect the people's natural rights, then the people have the right to overthrow them.

John Locke - He was an English Enlightenment philosopher that believed that people were born free and equal with three natural rights.

Great Fear - During this time, the third estate were scared because there were rumors that the nobles were hiring outlaws to terrorize peasants.

Three Estates - They were the three main social classes in France. The first estate included the clergy, the second estate included the rich nobles, and the third estate included the bourgeoisie and the peasants.

Old Regime - Was the time when there was still absolute monarchy in France and when King Louis XVI was still king.

King Louis XVI - He was the king during the French Revolution. He was weak, indecisive , and was later executed for leaving his people in a time of war.

Natural Rights - The right of life, liberty, and property.

Tennis Court Oath - This was a pledge that the members of the National Assembly from the third estate made to agree that they would continue to meet until they made a new constitution.

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Napoleon didn't do all bad, he also had some successes. For example, the Coup'detat, which is when he took over France. He also gained a ton of land for Europe and made public schools called lycees for regular citizens. He also made the a fair tax code and got rid of dishonest government workers. Another achievement that Napoleon had was that he let people have the freedom of religion and separated the Church and state. Finally, he treated the lower class better than what they were treated before and he made the Napoleonic Code.

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What did the revolutions of 1830 and 1848 had their roots in?

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What did the revolutions of 1830 and 1848 had their roots in?

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They wanted nation-states and believed that they would be united not by a ruler, but by their shared history, culture, and land. Their ideals continued to spread even though they were rapidly oppressed and 20 years later their ideals help turn scattered states of Germany and Italy into two unified nation-states.

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The Congress of Vienna were meetings that took place in Vienna to discuss how to restore peace and order in Europe after the French Revolution and Napoleon's ruling. The countries around France were made stronger in order for France to weaken and to provide balance of power across Europe. The Congress of Vienna also helped the monarchies that lost their power get it back and also their legitimacy was proclaimed in France and elsewhere.

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Napoleon was a military leader who became the emperor of France. During peacetime, he was able to set up lycees, make a fair tax code, and set up a new code of laws called the Napoleonic Code. The Napoleonic Code gave all of the French citizens the same rights. The only downside of these laws was that they took away some of the people's rights such as limiting their freedom of speech and restoring slavery as well.

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The Reign of Terror was a bloody time during the French Revolution. The leader during  the Reign of Terror was Maximilien Robespierre. He governed France as a dictator and thought that fear was one and if not the only way to rule the people.

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The Estates-General were an assembly of representatives from all three estates. They were called to their first meeting on May 5, 1789 so they could discuss the new taxes on the nobility.

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The Declarations of the Rights of Man was a document that read all of the rights of that people won during the French Revolution. This document was inspired by the Declaration of Independence and they basically state the same thing. It was written in 1789 - 1795 and reflected the nation's dissatisfaction with the French Kings. The Declaration of the Fights of Man was written by the revolutionaries and was put into the new French constitution. Some of the rights included that men were born free and equal and that their rights of liberty, property, security, and resistance of oppression will be protected by the government.

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Similarities and Differences between the French and American Revolutions

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Similarities and Differences between the French and American Revolutions

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The French Revolution was motivated by the American Revolution so of course they are going to have many things in common. For example, they were both influenced by the Enlightenment and its ideas. They were also revolting for the same reason, to free themselves from the monarchy. Another similarity they had was that at they both made a document that listed the people's rights and the government's duties. However, just because the French revolution was based off the American revolution, that doesn't mean that they were the same in every single way. During the French Revolution, the French wanted to change everything unlike the American in the American Revolution, who mainly wanted to change just the government. Also, the Americans didn't execute their ruler unlike the French who guillotined their King and Queen. Another difference they had was that the Americans got to keep their independence and the French didn't, since a few years after the revolution a new leader came along.

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Economic, Political, and Social Conditions

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Economic, Political, and Social Conditions

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The three estates were the three largest social classes in France. The first estate included the clergy, the second estate included the rich nobles, and the third estate included the bourgeoisie and the peasants. The third class was the largest out of the three. but they were treated the most unfairly. The rulers at this time were King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, his wife. Marie Antoinette wasn't liked in her kingdom and King Louis was far worse. He was a weak leader and was very indecisive. Not only that, since he helped the Americans with the American Revolution, he wasted a lot of money and owed a lot of debts. Therefore, he made the third estate pay more taxes, which they couldn't afford, in order to pay off those debts. The bourgeoisie were inspired by the American Rev. and it's Enlightenment Ideas so they planned to do the same in France.

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10 Thing to Know About the French Revolution

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10 Thing to Know About the French Revolution

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By: Melanie Lopez