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English poet and playwright. He wrote 37 plays between 1590 and 1613 which are still performed around the world. His work explores the Renaissance ideals such as the complexity of the individual and the importance of the classics. Shakespeare's love of worlds enriched the English language.

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Was admired for his artistic talent and his "gracious nature". He studied the works of the great masters. He developed his own style of painting that blended Christian and classical styles. In The School of Athens, he pictured an imaginary gathering of thinkers and scientists and with typical Renaissance self-confidence, he also including Michelangelo, Leonardo, and himself.

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was a friend of Erasmus,
who also believed in social reform as Erasmus. In Utopia, he describes an ideal society with gender equality and peace. Everyone has their rights and all are educated.

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Erasmus was a Dutch priest and humanist who was one of the most important scholars of the age. He wrote texts and used his knowledge of classical languages to produce a Greek edition of the Christian Bible. He helped spread Renaissance humanism to a wider public.

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Johann Gutenberg
Printed the first complete edition of the Christian Bible using a printing press with movable type. The printing revolution brought great changes: printed books were cheaper and easier to produce, more people learned to read, and readers gained access to a broad range of knowledge.

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A poet and scholar whose humanist philosophy set the stage for the Renaissance. His philosophy helped the intellectual growth and accomplishments of the Renaissance.

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One of the first northern artists to be profoundly affected by Renaissance Italy. He became a pioneer in spreading Renaissance ideas to northern Europe when he traveled to Italy. His important innovation was engraving. Many of his engravings and paintings portray religious upheaval, one of northern Renaissance's powerful themes.

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author of The Book of the Courtier. The handbook describes the manners, skills, Learning, and virtues that a member of the court should have. His ideal courtier was a well-educated, well-mannered aristocrat who mastered many fields, from poetry to music to sports. Castiglione's ideal differed for men and women. Men, good at games, but not a gambler. Woman, graceful.

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a sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, and poet. In his twenties, he created masterpieces such as David and Pieta. The statue of David represented the Biblical shepherd who killed the giant Goliath, recalls the harmony and grace of ancient Greek traditions. One of his famous works is the Sistine Chapel in Rome.

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Wrote a guide for rulers on how to gain and maintain power. His book, The Prince looked at real rulers in an age of ruthless power politics. He urged rulers to use whatever methods were necessary to achieve their goals. He saw himself as an enemy of corruption. Though students of government argued that he provides realistic look at politics. His work continues to spark debate because it raises important ethical questions about the nature of government and the use of power.

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An artist who made sketches of nature and of models in his studio. He also dissected corpses to learn how bones and muscles work. One of his famous painting is the Mona Lisa. He contributed to the Renaissance because his accomplishments arranged in areas such as, botany, anatomy, optics, music, architecture, and engineering.

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A city in the Tuscany region of northern Italy that was the center of the Italian Renaissance. The Medici family of Florence, were the wealthiest merchants and bankers, and because of them, the city came to symbolize the energy and brilliance of the Italian Renaissance.