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CAFO communities and researchers are worried about their impact on the environment and public health. Workers in confinement buildings and residents of the communities where these operations are located feel the impacts most acutely, but  we are all affected by health and environmental problems in the food system. The vitality of our food system is dependent on healthy rural communities and a clean rural environment. If they’re compromised by air pollution, water pollution, odor, or antibiotic resistance, then we all need to be concerned.

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In the industrial model of livestock production, animals are housed in close quarters inside massive climate-controlled buildings or on feedlots. Each confined animal feeding operation, or CAFO, may  house tens or even hundreds of thousands of animals. To prevent disease, many livestock companies require their growers to feed animals low doses of antibiotics. CAFOs store the waste these animals generate in massive lagoons on the property and sometimes spread or spray the manure on available land.

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Increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) may increase the productivity of pastures, but may also decrease their quality. Increases in atmospheric CO2 can increase the productivity of plants on which livestock feed. However, the quality of some of the forage found in pasturelands decreases with higher CO2. As a result, cattle would need to eat more to get the same nutritional benefits.

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Drought may threaten pasture and feed supplies. Drought reduces the amount of quality forage available to grazing livestock. Some areas could experience longer, more intense droughts, resulting from higher summer temperatures and reduced precipitation. For animals that rely on grain, changes in crop production due to drought could also become a problem. Climate change may increase the prevalence of parasites and diseases that affect livestock. The earlier onset of spring and warmer winters could allow some parasites and pathogens to survive more easily. In areas with increased rainfall, moisture-reliant pathogens could thrive.
DROUGHT IN CALIFORNIA

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Where are Different Types of Ranching Found?

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Where are Different Types of Ranching Found?

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Ranches are mainly found a little bit north to the Equator where it is not too warm and not too cold. Ranches are also usually in flat terrains, and grasslands. Ranching is common in temperate, dry areas, such as the Pampas region of South America, the western United States, the Prairie Provinces of Canada, and the Australian Outback

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Someone animals that are used for Ranching are mainly cattle and sheep, but elk, bison and alpacas can also be used.

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Ranching is the practice of raising herds of animals on large tracts of land. Ranchers commonly raise grazing animals such as cattle and sheep. This form of agriculture is adapted to semi arid land is practiced in developed countries where the vegetation is too sparse and the soil is not good enough to support crops.

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Heat waves, could directly threaten livestock. In 2011, exposure to high temperature events caused over $1 billion in heat-related losses to agricultural producers. Heat stress affects animals both directly and indirectly. Over time, heat stress can increase vulnerability to disease, reduce fertility, and reduce milk production.
Potential changes in veterinary practices, including an increase in the use of parasiticides and other animal health treatments, are likely to be adopted to maintain livestock health in response to climate-induced changes in pests, parasites, and microbes. This could increase the risk of pesticides entering the food chain or lead to evolution of pesticide resistance, with subsequent implications for the safety, distribution, and consumption of livestock and aquaculture products.
HEAT WAVE IN US FROM 1890-2012