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they lived in an island called crete that it is located on the eastern mediterean, their place setlements on crete were Knossos, Phaistos,Malia and Zakros they lived in tombs but they also had palaces with the time they also immigrated to what now is nown as turkey

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 What was their social organization like? 

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 What was their social organization like? 

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Ancient China had a different social life than now. Here is why:

They were divided by the basis of the Feudal System and separated into 4 social classes. The lowest classes were the traders and merchants. Second to lowest were the craftsman and peasant farmers. Second, to highest were the scholars. The highest social class was the king/emperor. Soldiers were also very respected.

At first, merchants were a higher social class to help grow the country but every time they became the lowest.

The four social classes were to allow people to live in balance and harmony.

Farmers and peasants were the only ones that could wear black or blue clothing items.

Emperors owned the most land.

Now they have a goverment such as Chile incuding a precident and more.
N/I “Social Organisation.” Ancient China, elainewang-ancientchina.weebly.com/social-organisation.html.

N/I “Ancient China Social Structure.” CoolaBoo, 2020, www.coolaboo.com/world-history/ancient-china/ancient-china-social-structure/.

N/I “Social Structure.” Ancient Civilisations, ancient-china-life-and-history.weebly.com/social-structure.html.

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How did the early Indian civilization obtained food and what did they eat?

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How did the early Indian civilization obtained food and what did they eat?

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The ancient Indians ate a lot of fruits and vegetables. They mostly ate barley and wheat. They also ate meat and dairy products. An Archeologist found fishing  nets and hooks on ancient indian ruins so that means that they also fished for food.

Religions started impacting on what they ate, for example the hindus saw the cow as a sacred animal, the Muslims weren’t allowed to eat pork and many other Indians didn’t eat meat so they wouldn’t feel bad for killing an animal.

They also grew rice, peas, sesame, and melons. They cooked using clay ovens, open fries and cauldrons plus they domesticated cows, buffalo, pigs, and sheep.

Ancient Indians ate food that was easily available from nature. Fruits, wild berries, meat, fish, etc. were the main food items of the nomadic dwellers. With the advent of civilization, people settled and started to　do farming. This led to the discovery of food crops, seeds etc. Food in ancient India was cultivated in the fertile river valleys. Rice was their staple food that was eaten with cooked lentils, vegetables and meat.

- Camila Akel and Camila Osorio

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The ancient Israelite civilization was a kingdom that was ruled by king Omri and Ahab and later jehus dynasty. The Mediterranean Sea is known as the Levant which corresponds roughly to the State of Israel of modern times. According to the Bible, the region was named after the Hebrew patriarch Jacob, also known as Israel, and by extension, his nation.

Obviously The Israelites worked to make their livings. While there were some Israelites who had jobs in the government or as religious leaders, most Israelites were working-class people who were dependent on agriculture, livestock, or the sea to make ends meet. Most Israelites were probably farmers, whether wealthy enough to own their own farm or forced to work as laborers on a landowner's farm. The farmers would be responsible for planting, caring for, and, most importantly, harvesting crops like grapes, dates, barley, and wheat.

The Israelites had a conflict between the Arabs which them trouble with land sortings. They even had a war. The Arab-Israeli War of 1948 broke out when five Arab nations invaded the territory in the former Palestinian mandate immediately following the announcement of the independence of the state of Israel on May 14, 1948.

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What did they do for living? 

The people of ancient Egypt built homes in villages and in the country. They grew some of their own food and traded in the villages for the food and goods they could not produce. Most ancient Egyptians worked as field hands, farmers, craftsmen and scribes. The ancient Egyptians tried to live their life to the fullest as they engaged in everything from hunting crocodiles and hippopotamuses, and playing board games, they even had toys for children in the shapes of animals.The ancient Egyptians would come to invent mathematics, geometry, surveying, metallurgy, astronomy, accounting, writing, paper, medicine, the ramp, the lever, the plow, and mills for grinding grain.Egyptian kings are commonly called pharaohs, following the usage of the Bible. The term pharaoh, however, is derived from the Egyptian per ʿaa and dates to the designation of the royal palace as an institution. This term for palace was used increasingly from about 1400 BC as a way of referring to the living king; in earlier times it was rare.The king’s position changed gradually from that of an absolute monarch at the centre of a small ruling group made up mostly of his kin to that of the head of a bureaucratic state in which his rule was still absolute based on officeholding and, in theory, on free competition and merit 

https://www.britannica.com/place/ancient-Egypt
Alan Edouard Samuel
Peter F. Dorman
John R. Baines
Edward F. Wente
Alan K. Bowman
ancient egypt
Encyclopedia britannica
accsesed: may 19 2020

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All houses were very similar, almost every house had a central activity area, then there was storage rooms, sleeping quarters, and last but not least they had clay roofs.

The walls were made out of  roughly - hewn blocks of stone. The roof was made of  wooden beams covered with clay.

Bibliography:  Home and Family - Canaan & Ancient Israel @ University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, www.penn.museum/sites/canaan/Home%26Family.html.

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What where the origins of Ancient China civilization?  

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What where the origins of Ancient China civilization?  

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Many years ago when hominids still lived all together, they used to move around and never settle down in one place, but they always moved in big crowds of people until everybody started going to Europe,China, etc. The people that first got to China settled down in the Yellow River and Yangtze River, until they realized that their house always got destroyed because of the water. So they moved a little further. When this happened dynasties were getting created and people started learning new things. When the time started passing people learned how to write, and they had their own beliefs, so they decided to make a wall in which people wrote their beliefs, and like that people with common beliefs made religions, traditions,etc. So the different dynasties that got the power some time, made people start having different cultures. MLA:“An IntroductiontoAncientChina(Article).”KhanAcademy,KhanAcademy,www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-asia/imperial-china/neolithic-art-china/a/an-introduction-to-ancient-china.

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How long did their civilization exist and which religion did they practice? Mesopotamia was a civilization that lived millions of years ago, they were one of the first developed civilizations and they influenced cities and civilizations living nowadays. As us they have religions and cultures. The religion in Mesopotamia was polytheistic which means they worshiped a wide variety of gods. The gods of Mesopotamia had an appearance and behavior similar to humans: they ate, got married, fought with each other, etc. The only difference between humans and gods was that the gods were immortal while humans could die. However the Mesopotamian gods were cruel and mean, ruthless towards humans. The power of the gods was supernatural so that both the blessings and the calamities that man experienced throughout his life were caused by them. Men had been created to be the servants of the gods, so they had to try to keep the gods happy with the prayers that they had, or they would suffer the consequences. That is to say, the Mesopotamian man and woman had a very pessimistic thought of living. They believed that every punishment and illness they suffered was justified, having committed some offense against the gods. How long did Mesopotamian civilization exist? This civilization raised or was first known in the 4000 before christ and ended by the beginning of the written history meaning it was 3100 before Christ. This civilization was one of the first in all the world and as we said it influenced many others. In 1100 bc Nomadic people as the Aramaeans and the Chaldeans took over much of Mesopotamia, they dominated Mesopotamia from the beginning of the written history to the fall of Babylon in 539 bc, when it was conquered by the Achaemenid Empire. Mesopotamia was in Western Asia, situated in the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent. Around 150 BC, Mesopotamia was under the control of the Parthian Empire. Mesopotamia became a battleground between the Romans and Parthians, to empires from different places and with different cultures, with western parts of Mesopotamia coming under ephemeral Roman control. Mesopotamia was a very big civilization and they had many beliefs and cultures. It is certainly a very interesting topic to research since it was the first civilization and if it wouldn’t have existed what would cities be like. Bibliography Source 1 in MLA:Spielvogel, Jackson J. “La Religión En Mesopotamia: Principales Dioses y Creencias.” HISTORIAE, 24 Aug. 2019, 19 May. 2020,historiaeweb.com/2015/05/13/religion-en-mesopotamia/. Source 2 in MLA:Britton, peter. “Ancient Mesopotamia Saw the Babylonian and Assyrian Civilizations.” TimeMaps, 16 Apr. 2019, 19 May. 2020, www.timemaps.com/civilizations/ancient-mesopotamia/. Source 3 in MLA:History.com Editors. “Mesopotamia.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 30 Nov. 2017, U.S.A, 22 May. 2020, www.history.com/topics/ancient-middle-east/mesopotamia.

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The Ancient Egyptian civilization is a truly fascinating topic, but I think what most stands out about that intriguing culture is their religion. “What is their religion?”, you may be wondering. Well, this article responds to that exact question so stay tuned. The Ancient Egyptian religion doesn’t really have a name (except for the obvious “Ancient Egyptian Religion”) but it can be described as a politheistic religion that played an important role in the egyptian society. As I stated previously, Egyptians had a politheistic belief system, meaning that they believed in many gods. So many in fact that they worshiped over 2000 of them. Some of the most important were Ra, god of the sun, Thoth, god of writing and patron of scribes, and many more such as Isis, Osiris, Horus, Amun, Hathor, Bastet, Thoth, Anubis, and Ptah. Each one of these gods had a specific duty, and Ancient Egyptians worshipped them to thank their work. Another important aspect of the Ancient Egyptian religion is that they believed the soul of a person stayed alive in the body even after physical death. This is why Egyptians mummified people, they wanted the soul of the dead to have a nice body to live in (mummification supposedly preserved the body forever). We hope you enjoyed the article and learned something new. Written by: Maximiliano C. and Martina V.

Source 1 in MLA: Mark, Joshua, “Egyptian Gods - The Complete List”. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 14 of April 2016, n/a, 20-5-2020, https://www.ancient.eu/article/885/egyptian-gods---the-complete-list/ .
Source 2 in MLA:  n/a, “Mysteries of Egypt”. Canadian Museum of History, n/a, Canada, 20-5-2020, https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/civil/egypt/egcr01e.html
Source 3 in MLA: n/a, “Ancient Egypt: Religion, Myths, Gods, and Symbols”. Studies weekly, May 2, 2016, n/a, 20-5-2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMCRaqdKTfs.

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How did Ancient India influence the world today?

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How did Ancient India influence the world today?

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Ancient India has been part of many tools of what we use today. One of this tools would be thenumber 0 and the numerical system, being the first civilization discovered to use it. Another toolwould be anaesthesia, Sushruta would be the first person ever to use it in a surgery. Trigonometry andCalculus were also examples of what Indians did that we still do today, these two are useful becausethey help calculating area of shapes. They made very important discoveries in astronomy. They discovered cotton cultivation, how to process it, making a very big industry in textile, which is very important in the world today. They invented things which we also use now a days, like the ruler, chess, and yoga.With this information we can conclude that Ancient India dida positive influence on the modern world and discovered or made a lot of tools we use today.

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Was Ancient China a bigger or smaller country in the past?

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Was Ancient China a bigger or smaller country in the past?

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China was a smaller country. It was all many different countries/towns which are now all together and one, now it is the 4th largest country in the world. In the past it was made of different countries, but as time passed by China won and lost territory which makes it what it is today. Ancient China had lots of war with other "countries/towns", some they lost, and some they won. For example they had war with Japan in 1994-1995 and Japan won.

-Somlai,Adam. “Ancient China transportation”. Elise Wade, September 2013, E.E.U.U,20 of May 2020, https://prezi.com/ymu24ntoylv6/ancient-chinese-transportation/

-“Ancient China transportation”. Coolaboo, 2009,USA, 20 of May 2020, .coolaboo/world-history/ancient-china/anciente-china-transportation

-Hogan,Kathleen. “Transportation in Ancient China: Lesson for kids”. (N/A) 2 September 2016, May 22 2020, https://study.com/academy/lesson/transportation-in-ancient-china-lesson-for-kids.html

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How did Early Israelites deal with burials?

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How did Early Israelites deal with burials?

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An early israelita was afraid of not being buried. This showed the importance of burials in their culture, it is believed and shown that one of the common curses in that era was to tell another person that they shall not be buried. Although there was a big social ladder, and with that great and obvius social disparities, people's burials were mostly the same, the only slight difference was the quality and location of their tomb.

here was a level of Honor included in burials, A human who was not buried was not respected in the memory of others because of being thought disgraceful. People were afraid of not being remembered and so always wanted to be buried. The early israelites were so afraid and challenged by the simple idea of of death, they used a lot of their time ensuring that grave was theirs.

his makes us come to the natural conclusion that the ancient Israelites' way to dispose or honor the dead was via burial. The poor souls that were not buried were the ones that followed the tradition of an unhonorable, or bad, death. This could have been because of many things such as not having an heir, or being a violent person. This would have caused a burial to be canceled. In resolution, the ancient Israelites' way to dispose or honor the dead was via burial.

Made by Gael casassus and Diana Valdes

Bibliography

1.“Death & Bereavement in Judaism.” Ancient Burial Practices, Jewish Virtual Library, www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ancient-burial-practices.
2. Key, Andrew F. “The Concept of Death in Early Israelite Religion.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion, XXXII, no. 3, 1964, pp. 239–247., doi:10.1093/jaarel/xxxii.3.239.
3.Spronk, Klaas. Good and bad death in ancient israel, National Library of Medicine,

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Through the many years that the pyramids were built, there isn't an exact number of what year they were built but the whole process could take up to nineteen years with maybe two generations having to build them. But now to the main question: It is estimated that the first pyramid was built on the year 2360 BC of the third dynasty

Bibliography:
n/a, "The first pyramids built" 19, may 2020, n/a
https://www.timelineindex.com/content/view/1178

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How was their culture?
The Phoenicians spreaded the Phoenician alphabet throughout the Mediterranean world. The earliest known inscriptions in Phoenician come from Byblos and date back to ca. 1000 BC. Phoenician inscriptions are found in Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Cyprus and other locations. Phoenicians had colonies around the western Mediterranean, beginning in the 9th century BC, Phoenician evolved into Punic. Punic Phoenician was still spoken in the 5th century CE. Phoenician art had no unique characteristic that could be identified with. This is due to the fact that Phoenicians were influenced by foreign designs and artistic cultures mainly from Egypt, Greece and Assyria.The Phoenicians were great traders. The Phoenicians' initial trading partners were the Greeks, with whom they used to trade wood, slaves, glass and a Purple powder. This powder was used by the Greek elite to color clothes and other garments and was not available anywhere else. Without trade with the Greeks they would not be known as Phoenicians, as the word for Phoenician is derived from the Ancient Greek word phoinikèia meaning "purple".
http://www.theancientworld.net/civ/phoenicians_culture.html

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Mesopotamia means “ the land between the rivers'' the Tigris and the Euphrates  are the two rivers that flow through Iraq and Syria. The Mesopotamians were multiple civilizations like the Babylonians, the Sumerians,the Assyrians, and the Acadians. Mesopotamians created lots of things we use nowadays for example, wheels, writing, farming ect. and each city had a temple in its center for them. In the Ancient Mesopotamia culture, they believed in gods and goddesses. Humans first settled in Mesopotamia in the Paleolithic times By 14,000 B.C., people in the region lived in small settlements with circular houses.

Bibliography:
- Joshua J. Mark, "Ancient history encyclopedia", Mark Cartwright, August 2009, England, accessed on may 19 2020.

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Which technology did they discover?They created a lot of things which was like “technologhy” for example they did construction of residencies/palaces, large royal enclosures, high places, and fortifications with walls and gates and also they created much more things.

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The Chinese believed in dynasties, that were the families ruling with power throughout many generations. This had to do with their religion, because they believed that the dynasties where in comand because they where suposed to, this is what they called the "mandate of heaven". So they throughly respected the dynasties and the rules and laws they created.

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Throughout many years ancient China was ruled by Emperor and Dynasties, who really encouraged people to follow theirmandates. The Chinese were really serious in a matter of honor, that they believed everybody should own, that’s why they had several laws about honor, such as honoring your ancestors and elders. All in all Chinas laws were fair, ensuring justice to their citizens, some examples of these rules are, that anger should be controlled to avoid discussion or
problems.

Bibliography:
-https://prezi.com/nyieg5nv7jeo/ancient-china-law/

-https://study.com/academy/lesson/ancient-china-lesson-for-kids-government-laws.html

-https://div2china.weebly.com/government-and-law.html

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In the early india pople trade like  commerce with a lot of countries like egypt and europe also they had a trade route. This trade routes are a long distance that could be in water or by earth. There were different eras in the early india  and in the middle period the trade increas with rome and in the past the main trade partner was egypt  also they grew crops but they barley cultivated wheat, peas, sesame, and cotton and they trade this for other things.

Bibliography:
Mark, Joshua J. “Ancient India.” Ancient History Encyclopedia,13 of november in 2012 Ancient History Encyclopedia, 19 May 2020, www.ancient.eu/india/.

Culture And Heritage - Ancient History.” Know India: National Portal of India,19 ,may 2020, knowindia.gov.in/culture-and-heritage/ancient-history.php.

Overly sarcastic productions,History Summarized: Ancient India,october 11,2019,youtube,19 may 2020https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJfj47PnsJY

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Catalina Herrera 7B mesopotamia-the social  organization          

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Catalina Herrera 7B mesopotamia-the social  organization          

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The populations of these cities were divided into social classes which, like societies in every civilization throughout history, were hierarchical. These classes were: The King and Nobility, The Priests and Priestesses, The Upper Class, the Lower Class, and The Slaves.

The Mesopotamian society was hierarchic. In a Mesopotamian society, there were three social classes: nobility, free citizens, and slaves. The nobility class included priests, and priest-kings. The priest-kings were believed to be the representative of the city's patron God or Goddess.

The Slaves Slaves were the bottom of the social hierarchy, but were generally treated well All slaves were identiﬁed by their speciﬁc haircut. Had no rights, were owned by the wealthy, merchants, some even worked for commoners and worked in the temples, the palace, or on farms. Slaves were obtained as prisoners of war, or people who couldn’t pay debts.

Bibliography:
Family Life and Society - Mesopotamia
https://es.slideshare.net/coldcanada/mesopotamian-social-structure-11827004
https://www.ancient.eu/article/680/daily-life-in-ancient-mesopotamia/

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What is the meaning of Israelite? What were they?

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What is the meaning of Israelite? What were they?

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Israelite Civilization was a civilization that established a kingdom, first under Saul and then under David, who ruled the empire about 1000 years B.C. This civilization is named because of the Bible, the region was named after the Hebrew patriarch Jacob, also known as Israel. It was located in what is now the country Israel. By c. 1080 BC the Israelites had established a kingship in the land and developed a culture which drew on earlier civilizations. When King Solomon, son of king David, died, the Israelite civilization spread in two (r.c. 965-931 BCE) with the Kingdom of Israel to the north and Judah to the south. This is more or less what the Israelite civilization was, and some events of its history.

The birthplace of the Jewish people is the Land of Israel (Eretz Israel). Religion was very important for the Israelites, so when an important part of their long history occurs, they record them in the Bible, the Israelites recorded the first thousand years of history in here; their cultural, religious and national identity was formed; And there, their physical presence has been maintained through the centuries and generations, even after the majority were forced into exile.

As all civilizations, the Israelites had a political structure. This empire wasn’t just a typical political motivated nation, as I said before, it was religiously motivated as well. The king was supposed to rule in a specific way, following certain religious ideals, such as ruling on behalf of their god, Yahweh. As a normal social pyramid, the king and its family is always at the top and then they are followed by rulers, people in the military and royal court and then working class people such as; artisans and farmers.

Source 1 in MLA:  Mark, Joshua J. “Israel” Ancient History Encyclopedia. 26 of October, 2018, 19 May 2020. https://www.ancient.eu/israel/
Source 2 in MLA: “Facts About Israel: History.”  Israel Ministry of Forgiven Affairs. 2010, Israel, 19 May 2020. https://mfa.gov.il/mfa/aboutisrael/history/pages/facts%20about%20israel-%20history.aspx
Source 3 in MLA: “Ancient Israel: Social Structure & Political Organization.” Study.com, 19 May 2020. https://study.com/academy/lesson/ancient-israel-social-structure-political-organization.html

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What type of impact or legacy did the Olmec civilization have?

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What type of impact or legacy did the Olmec civilization have?

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Some of the legacy and impacts they had was their culture and their believes. Source 1 in MLA: Cartwright, Mark. Olmec civilization. Mark Cartwright, April 4, 2018, May 19, 2020, https://www.ancient.eu/Olmec_Civilization/. Source 2 in MLA: AP World History Boundless, CC BY 4.0. Khan academy. May 19, 2020, https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/world-history-beginnings/ancient-americas/a/the-olmec-article. Source 3 in MLA: History with Cy. The Olmecs (Olmec Culture of Ancient Mexico). History with Cy, April 9, 2020, May 19, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTqgksmmAuY.

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Mesopotamians lived  in rock houses that made farming easier to farmers for agriculture and food. they didint hunt food they domesticate the animal so the farmers could proces it to be eatable, they usualy ate meat and vegetables because it was the only thing they could make in low tecnological times.

History.com Editors. “Mesopotamia.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 30 Nov. 2017, www.history.com/topics/ancient-middle-east/mesopotamia.

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China's three main religions were Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism and they are  considered the “three pillars” of ancient Chinese society. As philosophies and religions, they not only influenced spirituality, but also in government, science, the arts, and social structure.

The three philosophies have influenced society alongside each other, changed each other, and at times blended together. Understanding the unique interplay between these three traditions gives great insight into ancient Chinese society.
Bibliography:
- "Chinese Religions and Philosophies | National Geographic Society." National Geographic, 22 May. 2020, National Geographic web page, Friday, may 22, 2020

<https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/chinese-religions-and-philosophies>.

- Custer,Charles.”Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism”ThoughtCo.March 3, 2018.ThoughtCo web page.Friday, may 22, 2020 https://www.thoughtco.com/confucianism-taoism-and-buddhism-4082748

- ”The Three Teachings - Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism l HISTORY OF CHINA”It’s History.August 1, 2015.It’s History Youtube channel.Tuesday, May 19,2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvfOMhx3cj8&feature=youtu.be

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Mesopotamia is a region in southern Asia, between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Asia. It settled the beginning of human civilization and changed our world completely by organizing it with things we still use and have nowadays.  They assign the 7b days of the week, evolutionated math and literature, and also separated the minutes (  60 minutes=1 hour) and last but not least  it organized the year with twelve months each one assigned by what we know as the zodiac signs.

Mesopotamia had the control of different cities and places around the region. At the beginning, in the paleolithic times, people stayed in little settlements in small houses. But five thousand years later, they had domesticated animals, the houses now formed farming communities and agriculture started to develop. Also, Mesopotamia took advantage of the rivers that surrounded them .  The region was located between 2 rivers ( euphrates and tigris).

People were divided into different ratings, the king and nobility, the priests and priestesses, the upper class, the lower class, and the slaves. Cities in Mesopotamia were divided in different parts. The king and it's court lived in the palace and the palace complex. On the other hand, homes were built from the center of the settlement, ( the temple and its ziggurat) people near the top of  the social organization, lived closer to the center of the cities. Their houses were made out of sun-dried bricks while people down in social organization and their homes made of reeds.  Men and women both went to work, while children’s lives were directed according to their 🤬 and social status. Boys went to school to learn, and girls stayed at home to learn domestic arts.

Uruk was one of Mesopotamia's  first cities.It was made of mud brick metropolis, and had gigantic columns and temples. Art was compiled by the complex architecture, and the employing metal work

(in the web page we can find cities and their descriptions that formed  Mesopotamia) and also they had  included the art of music. They had musicians and singers.

Bibliography:
- History.comeditors, “Mesopotamia”,  A&E television networks,November 30, 2017 but in september 30, 2019 was updated, N/A, may 18, 2020, https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-middle-east/mesopotamia
- Joshua j. Mark, “daily life in ancient mesopotamia”,  joshua j.mark,15 april 2014, N/A,May 18  2020, :https://www.ancient.eu/article/680/daily-life-in-ancient-mesopotamia/

- Angeli, Gabriel. “Ancient Mesopotamia 101”, National geographic,  November 4, 2018,Youtube, May 18 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVf5kZA0HtQ

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What was the social organization in Mesopotamia?

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What was the social organization in Mesopotamia?

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In Mesopotamia the social organization was organized in a certain way, but most importantly they were divided in social classes such as higher and lower class. Like societies in every civilization throughout history there was a hierarchy.
This classes were: the king. nobilities, priests and  priestesses, the upper class, lower class and slaves. Mesopotamia was divided in these categories which made  everyone different. This was how Mesopotamia was socialy divided, mainly with different classes. But the jobs were also important. There was always a place for you depending on your class.
King and Nobles: Were chosen because of their courage  and success as a warrior. This soon change to heredity.
Priest and Priestesses: who intervened with the gods, to bring good fortune to the earth. They were usually members of the royal family or close to the king.
Upper Class: They farmed in their own land, they could also have proffesional jobs such as doctors or merchants.
Lower Class: These were farmers but did not own land. The lands were usually of kings or nobles
Slaves: had to work for the king and nobilities, they were servants, prisoners in war, criminals or people that were heavily in dept.

Mesopotamia was also a Patriarchal society, which means men were above women. Men were the leaders of the houses and determined their children's jobs and marriage agreements. There was a Hammurabi law that says  that women could be drowned if they were caught commiting  a crime or Adultery (cheating)

Bibliography:
Ko, Jinny  “What was the social structure of  Mesopotamia” August 11 2018, Quora Inc, 650 Castro Street, Suite 450 Mountain View, CA 94041 USA, ,https://www.quora.com/What-was-the-social-structure-of-Mesopotamia , accessed on May 22 2020

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one of their traditions were that their plant a different type of corn.A lot of traditions have to be with Christian church by sae made a reseach that 82 porcent werev cristians.

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What is the tipical food of their country?

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What is the tipical food of their country?

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People in Ancient Egypt ate vegetables like garlic onions, fish, birds, eggs, cheese.They eat that food because they cultivate crops and because they have tools to fish and hunt animals.

Bibliography:
- Spielvogel, Jackson J. “Journey Across Time”. Glencoe Publications, 2005, Ohio.

- Britannica
- Arthur Eduard Goldschmidt, Raymond William Baker, Derek Hopwood, Donald P. Little, Peter M. Holt, Charles Gordon Smith, (Encyclopedia Britannica)

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 How did their culture affect the aspects of civilization shown in india?

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 How did their culture affect the aspects of civilization shown in india?

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Their culture affected them in many ways in terms of civilization, this aspect will be shown throughout this text. One thing that affected civilization in India is Jobs, the country is religious so different jobs will be needed; they also changed in social organization, social class in India was divided into four main parts, Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and the Shudra.
In India there were two main religions, Hinduism (80.5% of the population) and Muslims (13.4%). Their religion can affect how they eat and how they eat can affect farming, butchering and other ways to gather food.
The Indus Valley culture was a Bronze Age civilization, which developed from around 3300 BC. C. until 1300 a. C. along the Indus River Valley, in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Northwest India. It covered about a hundred settlements and two major cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, both in Pakistan. Altogether, it included the largest area of ​​all ancient civilizations, more than a million square kilometers, and spanned several periods, its peak being between 2600 and 1900 BC. C.

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What's the difference between China's culture and our's?

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What's the difference between China's culture and our's?

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The differences between Chinas culture and our's are for example: China eats exotic food, like alive octopus, spiders, fried rats, and alive frogs. Also they have some festivals, were they parade with dragon costumes and vibrant colors.In their culture they have different types of clothes called kimono but they have also other types of clothes. Finally they have differences in building structures, they build houses called siheyuan, but they also builded temples for their gods, the temples are called Si, Ta, and Shiku.

Bibliography:
- Advantour, "Title", 2003, Central Asia and the Caucasus, (link) accessed on May 19, 2020.
- It is a tour web, China highlights, Is a tour web, 20 years ago,  China,  19 may 2020.

- Not identified, The culture and traditions of China's Longtaitou Festival, Not identified, 2019-03-08 14:45, China,  22/05/2020.

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What type of social order and government do they have?

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What type of social order and government do they have?

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The type of social order they had was very similar to what we know from other civilizations but it was based in confucianism. That means that they believed that society needs to find order and harmony for each group. For example they had four social classes that were, noble or wealthy people, farmers or peasants, artisans or craftsmen and merchants.

The government they had was emperors, that is one people that rules in all China,  and dynasties, that are a series of emperors from the same family. Emperors ruled all of China and were the biggest authority in all the country controlling everything. They also maintain social order and all what they said was law and everyone has to do it. Only their more close officials can talk to him and in the rare occasion an ordinary person was in the emperor's presence they had to kneel down and touch their head to the ground.

Emperors were chosen by a forced named heaven that was what ancient chinese believed choose emperors and give the right to rule to them and at the same time had the power to take away the right to rule if they rule in a bad way meaning being mean with his people or doing things that make people unhappy but if they rule well they will continue ruling and the next emperor will be a familiar of him and that will continue and will form a dinastie until one of the emperors govern bad and heaven take the right to rule from him and give it to another person.

Bibliography:
Source 1: “Ancient China”, august 21, 2018, History.com, may 20, 2020 https://www.history.com/tag/ancient-china

Source 2: “Ancient China social structure”, ColaBoo, may 20, 2020 https://www.coolaboo.com/world-history/ancient-china/ancient-china-social-structure/

Source 3: “Emperors in Ancient China”, ClickView, may 22, 2014, Youtube, may 20, 2020 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPcOPrwezUY

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hey mummify they’re dead because of the religious practices, because of the desert environment, and also there was a moral community between the leaving and the dead so the dead were a part of the society that was essential.

The techniques of mummifying, or treating the dead body, that the historic Egyptians used is called mummification. Using special processes, the Egyptians eliminated all moisture from the frame, leaving only a dried shape that would no longer easily decay. It was essential in their religion to keep the dead body in as life-like a way as possible. So successful were they that today we can view the mummified frame of an Egyptian and have a good idea of what she or he seemed like in life, 3000 years ago.

The first step in this approach concerned the elimination and maintenance of most of the         inner organs. The lungs, stomach, liver and intestines had been one after the other embalmed and placed into canopic jars. These jars had been often decorated with one in every of the four animal-headed sons of the god Horus, with every son protecting a particular organ. Preservation of those organs was crucial as they allowed the dead character to respire and eat inside the afterlife. However, usually simplest the wealthy should come up with the money for to have their organs embalmed and saved in this way. After approximately 1000 BCE the exercise changed. The internal organs have been then generally wrapped and placed back into the frame or certain with it, or put in boxes as opposed to being placed in jars. Canopic jars had been still positioned inside the character's tomb but they were solid or empty and served a symbolic purpose

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Chavin's art represents an imagery of creatures like snakes, jaguars and raptors. The images that the Chavin illustrated in their pottery, show the lowland jungles where these creatures lived and basically shows their culture since you can see the creatures that the Chavin were using and recognized. It also showed part of the location they were surrounded by. Usually, these pottery pieces of art would also represent the Chavin religion. They were mostly covered in red, black or brown and used some of them to write beliefs and also used some of them for religious ceremonies. They would also use materials as shells for religious ceremonies since these rounded shaped materials were useful to put things inside or to simply decorate. Their religion consisted in one of the most important gods from the Chavin. This god is called Staff Deity. In the Chavin culture it is likely to find this god in many art and materials that the Chavin had since this god is associated with agricultural fertility which was a very important aspect in early civilizations. The Chavín were developed in the northern Andean highlands of Peru between the years of 900 and 250 BCE, 1,000 years after the fall of the Caral civilization. This civilization was located in the Mosna River Valley. The Chavín are named after the temple at Chavín de Huántar. Like most civilizations, they were developed over time, in terms of people living (increasing).

Some of the temples were renovated.  Also they started to domesticate llamas, that are nowadays one of Perú more significant animals, and they started to trade much more. They grew potatoes and maize, and a different grain named quinoa. To make this more useful, they made irrigation systems to water the crops. After the domestication of llamas, the llamas were used to travel and bring goods to this civilization. They showed advanced building techniques that were adapted to its environment. Because of the rain season, The Chavin made a drainage system, to prevent floods.  The art from The Chavíns was widespread. Their art and construction were denominated as one of the most dramatic ones. The Chavin made something called The Lanzón, a  4.5 meter long piece of granite, a type of rock. It has the shape of the most important Chavín deity.

Bibliography:
- Khan Academy, Andean and Chavín Civilization, Khan Academy, 2017, May 19 2020. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/world-history-beginnings/ancient-americas/a/andean-and-chavn-civilizations-article

- Cartwright, Mark. “Chavin Civilization”. Ancient History Encyclopedia, April 7 2015, May 19 2020, https://www.ancient.eu/Chavin_Civilization/

- UNESCO, Chavín (Archeological Site) (UNESCO/NHK), UNESCO, May 27, 2013, Japan, May 19, 2020. https://youtu.be/PnIoffCCyBI

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The minoans disappeared due to a volcanic explosion which took place 100 km from the island of Crete. This is considered to be one of the most catastrophic natural disasters since the ice age. The catastrophe could have eliminated the minoans almost instantly. Archeologists also believe that the volcanic explosion caused a tsunami which could have been one of the factors that killed the minoans.

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Which were their culture and traditions?

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Which were their culture and traditions?

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Mesopotamians marked an era of human history, by creating and discovering different abilities
(writing, astronomy, law, agriculture, fishing, and livestock) that
we used it until today. Also the first civilizations found were Mesopotamians.
The majority of these came from the culture and traditions of Mesopotamians
and that’s exactly what we are going to talk about, but first, let’s learn a bit more about their origins.
The Mesopotamians situated in what today is Kuwait, Iraq, and Syria.
Mesopotamia had 6 big cities named Uruk, Ur, Babylon, Nimrud, Akkad and, Ashur. First, they constitute  the Akkadian Empire but then they broke into 2 great Empires, the Babylonian and the Assyrian empire, They caused conflicts in the 700 bc and 650 bc, causing deaths, these conflicts were named the battle of til-tuba and Lachish.

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What are the main daily life activities they do in Mesopotamia and how did they live, did they have social structure?
The main activity in Mesopotamia was agriculture: They planted and grew wheat, barley, dates, cucumbers, onions, apples and many different herbs and spices. They also raised sheep goats and cattle. In Mesopotamia there were more resources and free time for people to enjoy entertainment. They enjoyed music at festivals including drums, lyres, flutes,  and harps. They also enjoyed sports such as boxing and wrestling as well as board games and games of chance using dice. And much more activities.
Mesopotamia houses were made of Mud bricks or reeds,depending on where they live.They were made in molds and dried in the sun.People live in reed houses near the river and in wet areas. In dried areas people live in mud brick  Houses. Bricks was a common building material which houses, cities forts and temples were made Of. Farmers and common people lived outside the city walls with reed houses near the river Meanwhile all of Mesopotamia's social classes lived in the city walls with mud brick houses. Most of The time the houses were small and crowded.

Mesopotamia has many activities such as plants, going to festivals and much more.But not all of the people in mesopotamia could go to the festivals and enjoy those activities, because of the social structures they had. The king's family was able to go to the festivals and activities without any problems but meanwhile the farmers and slaves could go and have fun with the other people.Meanwhile the kings family had a great time the slaves and farmers had to work.

Bibliography:

- Hays, Jeffrey. “MESOPOTAMIAN CUSTOMS, LIFE, HOMES. CLOTHES, DRUGS AND RECREATION.” Facts and Details, Sept. 2018, factsanddetails.com/world/cat56/sub363/item1522.html, accessed on 19 may 2020.

- “Ancient Mesopotamia for TeachersActivities and Projects.” Ancient Mesopotamia Activities and Projects for Elementary and Middle School Teachers - Mesopotamia for Kids, mesopotamia.mrdonn.org/activities.html, accessed on 19 may 2020.

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Mesopotamia Social Classes Ancient World History Activities & Lessons for Students- Instructomania

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Chavin is a Pre-incan civilization that developed in northern and central Peru from approximately 900 to 200 BC. Chavin was known because of its carved stone sculptures and boldly designed ceramics.
The Chavinians successfully cultivated many crops, including potatoes, quinoa, and corn. They developed an irrigation system to help grow these crops.

Deities were important in Chavin religious practice. Deities were a god or goddess. Lanzón was very important for Chavin, it was the central deity in Chavin culture. It is believed to be a founding ancestor who had oracle abilities.

Bibliography:

Cartwright, Mark. “ Chavin civilization“. n/i, n/i, 19/5/20

https://www.ancient.eu/Chavin_Civilization/

Glassey, Molly. “Chavin Art”. Molly Glassey, 10 feb, 2009, n/i, 22/5/20.

https://sites.google.com/site/chavinproject/Home/chavin-art

L. Burger, Richard. “Chavin de Huántar”. UNESCO, May 27, 2013, n/i, 19/5/20

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/indigenous-americas-apah/south-america-apah/a/chavin-de-huantar1

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Mesopotamia Believes and Religion Santiago Martinez and Tomas Campos

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Mesopotamia Believes and Religion Santiago Martinez and Tomas Campos

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Mesopotamian religion was polytheistic in other words they believe in more than one god. The main gods and thousands of minor gods. The three main gods were Ea, the god of wisdom and magic, Anu, the sky god, and Enlil , the god of earth, storms and agriculture and the controller of fates. Ea is the creator and protector of humanity in both the Epic of Gilgamesh and the story of the Great Flood, Ea made humans out of clay, but the God Enlil sought to destroy humanity by creating a flood. Ea had the humans build an ark and mankind was spared. If this sounds familiar is because foundational Mesopotamian religious stories about the Garden of Eden, the Great Flood, and the Creation of the Tower of Babel  found their way into the Bible, and the Mesopotamian religion influenced both Christianity and Islam religion.  Source 1 in MLA: History editors.com “ Mesopotamia” History, nov, 30 2017,U.S.A , may 19 8:30
Source 2 in MLA: newsletter, mesopotamia, cuna of civilization national geographic,mar 14, 2016 U.S.A, may 19 8:30
Source 3 in MLA: Boyanova, Elena. “ Ancient Mesopotamia”. Khan Academy , Jan 20, 2017, U.S.A may 19 8:30

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Research question:Do they have an economy? and how does it work? another thing was their culture,

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Write in the following space up to three paragraphs a draft of your final answer: “The ancient Indians ate a diet of mostly wheat, barley, vegetables, fruits (Indian dates, mangoes, and berries), meats (cow, sheep and goats), and dairy products. Archeologists have found fishing nets and hooks in the ruins of early Indian civilizations, showing that they also liked to catch and eat fish.” “We know that they grew rice, peas, sesame, and melons. And they domesticated cows, pigs, buffalo, and sheep. They cooked using clay ovens, cauldrons, and open fires. And they knew how to dry and pickle food to preserve it.”The ancient Indians ate a diet of mostly wheat, barley, vegetables fruits (Indian dates, mangoes, and berries), meats (cow, sheep and goats), and dairy products. Archeologists have found fishing nets and hooks in the ruins of early Indian civilizations, showing that they also liked to catch and eat fish.”

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Ancient Egypt social structure was: (from most important to less important)  Pharaoh,Nobles and priest, Soldiers, Artisans and scribes, Farmers and laborer, Slaves.

Their social organization: people had  specific jobs and labors, women usually stayed at their houses cleaning and taking care of the children, while men could have different jobs like farmer, soldier, priest, also some people were slaves and had to work obligatory in constructions, sometimes they would have to take care of their bosses and they had to do whatever they said.

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what were the believes of chinese people at this time?

As you may know ancient chinese people had alots of believes and they were similar so we are going to name only 3 of them
1.  First chinese people believe in gosts.
2.  They also believe that the dead people that were not burried happy became the gosts
3.  They have a lot of gods but there is one god that was more important and ancient chinese people named him the king of the gods name shangti
MLA:Mark, Emily. “Religion in Ancient China.” Religion in Ancient China, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 21 Apr. 2016, www.ancient.eu/article/891/religion-in-ancient-china/. Accessed in 20/05/2020

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This wall was created to protect China from its enemies and invaders that came from other parts to invade China from the north, especially the Mongols.It was also used to keep citizens from leaving China.

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other armies came to fight and destroyed the great wall of china many times. So the chinese had to rebuild it many times. The northern armies of the Mongols were a smaller population than the Chinese, but they still posed a great threat. The great wall worked at keeping out unwanted people but it took many times over and over to repair the great wall after wars. The great wall of China was for military reasons. the military could get on the wall and shoot with more cover and the wall would keep out the Mongols and others.

The latest imperial construction was performed by the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), and the length was then over 6,000 kilometers (3,700 miles). This is the wall often referred to when we talk about the Great Wall. The Ming dynasty spent 200 years building their wall. Decades of work that went into constructing wide and paved turreted walls with towers. These walls served as troop highways in the rough terrain. Over 2,000 years, many imperial dynasties and kingdoms built, rebuilt, and extended walls many times that subsequently eroded.

The Great Wall of China is an ancient series of walls and fortifications, totaling more than 13,000 miles in length today. located in northern China, Perhaps the most recognizable symbol of China and its long and vivid history, the Great Wall was originally conceived by Emperor Qin Shi Huang in the third century B.C. as a means of preventing incursions (an invasion or attack, especially a sudden or brief one) from barbarian nomads. The best-known and best-preserved section of the Great Wall was built in the 14th through 17th centuries A.D., during the Ming dynasty. Though the Great Wall never effectively prevented invaders from entering China, it came to function as a powerful symbol of Chinese civilization enduring strength.

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 How the Israelites organized themselves in terms of jobs? 

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 How the Israelites organized themselves in terms of jobs? 

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Men had a lot of variety  of jobs. Some of them were farmers, sometimes they had their own farm or they were forced to work as laborers for someone richer. Some mens were herdsmen which means that they were taking care of ships and goats.   Another job Israelites had is  fishermen, they were in charge of fishing in the mediterranean sea or the sea of galilee. Meanwhile women had different tasks, like house chores, washing dishes and organizing everything so that the house looked nice and neat. They also were in charge of taking care of children and making sure that the girls learned the house duties while the boys learned politics farming fishing ect. But now you are wondering who makes clothes and prepares food, the women also. The clothes were made of animal fare, like goats or sheeps. And the food contained flour made by the same women, and of course, this could take hours. They worked as hard as a man at that time.  Also we can't forget they had kings and queens like King Jacob that changed his name to Israel after the fight of penuel, the israelis decided to create kingdom after being one of the 12 tribes of Israel.

Bibliography:
- Gill, Cassandra. “11 things  about women in Ancient Israel you probably didn’t know”. n/i. October 27, 2016. n/i. May 19, 2020.  https://blog.oup.com/2016/10/women-ancient-israel/

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 Q: what was their culture, celebrations, etc?

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 Q: what was their culture, celebrations, etc?

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ans: they believe in messiah, they prayed in synagogues, with rabbas. They have the
hebrew bible, mostly known like the torah. Judaism is characterized by a belief in one transcendent
God who revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew.

Source 1 in MLA:  Judaism, Encyclopedia britannica, thursday 14 2020.

Source 2 in MLA:  editors, history.com, Judaism, E&A television networks,  January 5, 2018, may 19, 2020.

Source 3 in MLA:  timeline_world history hd, Who were the Israelites? | Archeology (Biblical Documentary) | Timeline, timeline_world history hd, youtube, thursday 14, 2020

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This city is the base of many of the universal cultures. Is how we use time (the base of 60 system). Mesopotamians started to use  60-second minute and 60-minute hour. They also divided one earth year into 12 periods (months). They used instead of our names for months, they used the zodiac signs. In addition,  they also divided the week into seven days. Each day was named after one of their most important gods.

Mesopotamia was one of the first cities in the world's history. It is also the base of many big cities nowadays.  It rose in the year 7.000 BCE in fertile land. This city rose between 2 rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers, this explains why Mesopotamia means “Between two rivers”.  It was located in the eastern mediterranean, what now is known as Iraq, Syria, and Kuwait. This amazing city was the emerging point of many cities. Mesopotamia produced multiple empires and civilizations

some of them were: Babylon, Ur, Uruk, Akkad, etc. Mesopotamia was known as “the cradle of civilizations”.

The culture of the mesopotamians was a mix of varied cultures. What was more important to them was: their script and their gods. What also distinguishes mesopotamians was the way men treated women. What they teached in schools was devoted to priestly classes. They also teached astrology and mathematics. They had numerous temples, and used some of them as schools. They also believed that the beginning of the world was a victory of the gods, by this doesn't mean that there was not going to be a disaster.

B I B L I O G R A P H Y
-Mark, Joshua J. “Mesopotamia.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 22 May 2020, www.ancient.eu/Mesopotamia/.

- National Geographic Society. “Ancient Mesopotamia 101.” National Geographic Society, 23 Apr. 2020, www.nationalgeographic.org/video/ancient-mesopotamia-101/.

- Root. “Mesopotamian Religion.” History, History, 2 July 2018, www.historyonthenet.com/mesopotamian-religion.

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The Chavín civilization developed in the northern Andean highlands of Peru between 900-250 BCE.

There were three stages of development: Urabarriu (900-500 BCE), Chakinani (500-400 BCE), and Jarabarriu (400-250 BCE).

Chavín had a small, powerful elite that was legitimized through a claim to divine authority.These shamans were able to control and influence local citizens (probably partially through the use of psychotropic drugs), and were able to plan and carry out construction of temples and stone-walled galleries.

The chief example of Chavín architecture is the Chavín de Huántar temple, the design of which displays a complex and innovative adaptation to the highland environment of Peru.To avoid flooding and the destruction of the temple during the rainy season, the Chavín people created a drainage system with canals under the temple structure.

The Chavín people showed advanced knowledge of acoustics, metallurgy, soldering, and temperature control. One of their main economic resources was ch’arki, or llama jerky.

Chavín art represents the first widespread, recognizable artistic style in the Andes, and can be divided into two phases: the first phase corresponds to the construction of the “Old Temple” at Chavín de Huántar (c. 900-500 BCE); the second phase corresponds to the construction of Chavín de Huántar’s “New Temple” (c. 500-200 BCE).

MLA:Cartwright, Mark. “Chavin Civilization.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 18 May 2020,
www.ancient.eu/Chavin_Civilization/

MLA:McLean, John. “World Civilization.” The Chavín Civilization | World Civilization, courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldcivilization/chapter/the-chavin-civilization/.

MLA:“Andean and Chavín Civilizations (Article).” Khan Academy, Khan Academy, www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/world-history-beginnings/ancient-americas/a/andean-and-chavn-civilizations-article.

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After some research we have come to the conclusion that Olmecs culture included various beliefs and certain specific life styles. First thing to know is that they lived in La Venta, Laguna de los Cerros, Tres Zapotes, Las Limas and San Lorenzo, which is the oldest one. The Olmecs traded between this cities. Every city produced different resources. The furplus food or extra resources were either stored for future use or traded for something the city or village didn't produce. Some examples of the things they traded were Jade, Obsidian, Pottery, Mica (a type of metal), rubber, artisan mirrors made of Ilmenite(a ore of titanium) and  Magnetite (an ore that can be used as a magnet).

In comparison with other civilizations, the Olmecs believed in few deities. Olmecs believed in eight deities. Each deities was in charge of a natural element like the sun, water, crops and rain. Some of their gods were also related to the underworld and going into the afterlife. All of the gods were anthropomorphic that means they had human shape. Also Olmecs did sacrifices and religious rituals in caves to please their gods.

Olmecs did various different types of art but the one they are most recognized with are huge head stones. Some theories say that these heads are related to rulers because all heads were different and had distinctive helmets. The helmets symbolized great political and religious power. Olmecs mostly did art in green colored minerals like jade, greenstone, clay and basalt. With this minerals Olmecs made masks and sophisticated figures that represented deities, animals and rulers. Also Olmecs practiced a little of cave painting. Finally Olmecs influenced many other cultures that came after them. For example there is a theory that Olmecs invented the basics of the mayan number system and the Mayans only developed it further. In conclusion the Olmecs culture have influenced our society in many different ways making it as it is today.

“The Olmec | Ancient Civilizations (Article).” Khan Academy, Khan Academy, www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/world-history-beginnings/ancient-americas/a/the-olmec-article. 19 May. 2020.
Cartwright, Mark. “Olmec Civilization.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 4 Apr. 2018, www.ancient.eu/Olmec_Civilization/. 19 May. 2020.
History with Cy. “The Olmecs (Olmec Culture of Ancient Mexico).” The Olmecs (Olmec Culture of Ancient Mexico), Youtube, 9 Apr. 2020, www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTqgksmmAuY. 19 May. 2020.

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This video reproduces really well ancient cities.. would you imagine living there?

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Seven Wonders Of The Ancient World-GARDENS OF BABYLON PART 1

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Introduction to the Minoans and Minoan Civilization

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Indus Valley Civilization Facts - History of Ancient India | Educational Videos by Mocomi

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Ancient Mesopotamia 101 | National Geographic

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LOS FENICIOS: Comerciantes de la antigüedad

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What were some of Egypt's most important cultural beliefs?

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What were some of Egypt's most important cultural beliefs?

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Egyptians had many cultural beliefs but the most important was that they could have different gods, as their most
popular beliefs was the reincarnation of their Pharaohs in Gods. In that time they believed that Pharaohs could
rule over people from beyond. There are records of over 300 rulers that were referred to as Pharaohs, a fun fact is
thatPharaoh means great house. Some rulers were  women and some were not Egyptians, but people considered
them as their protectors and thought that they were their connectors to their many gods. Another fun fact is that
the name Pharaoh started to be used  in modern times due to its use in the Hebrew bible.

They had various rituals that helped the Pharaohs return with all the other gods, such they prepared special
tombs, pyramids and even underground mausoleums. They mummify their Pharaohs but only left their heart so
they could be reanimated in their afterlife. They also left items they could need in there after life, some examples
Are gold, jewelry, food, drinks, pets and even sometimes their servants.
Egyptians had many professions and social classes, and were treated accordingly.  The most powerful man or
woman in the whole country was at the top of the social class and the slaves and war prisoners were at the
bottom  and didn't have any rights.

Egypt before becoming an empire,  was many different cities located along the Nile River divided into two regions,
according to the flow of the river. The two regions were called Upersteam (upper Egypt) that was in the
South and Downstream (lower Egypt) that was in the North. Approximately in 3100 B.C. the two halves united
creating one state, Egypt.  It lasted over a millenia, until the Persian and Roman empire started their expansion,
invasions and conquest over the world.

Bibliography:
- Calvert,  Amy. “Ancient egypt”.  Khan academy, Khan academy, 22-05-2020.
- “Ancient Egypt, an introduction”. Khan academy, Khan academy,  22-05-2020.
- National Geographic Society. “Ancient Egypt 101”. National geographic, March 1, 2019, National geographic, 22-05-2020.

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Watch carefully only the first five minutes (before timeline)

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Ancient Egypt: Crash Course World History #4

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Minoans disappeared after a volcanic eruption which caused several natural disasters. The minoan civilization lived in the island of Crete. The cataclysm took place a 100km away from the island of Crete

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  As owners of the most famous ancient pyramids, what were their main architectural purposes and focuses?

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  As owners of the most famous ancient pyramids, what were their main architectural purposes and focuses?

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In Ancient Egypt, before pyramids, people were buried in the sand. People of a higher rank in the hierarchy, such as pharaohs, were buried with treasures such as gold and diamonds. The problem with this was that thieves stole the precious items, and even pieces of the mummified person, to sell them at the market. To solve this problem, people started building mastabas, a tomb-like structure where the dead were laid.
After about 1,000 years of mastabas had passed, an architect had an idea to stack mastabas on top of one another, each one smaller than before. This resulted in the first form of pyramids, which are known as step-pyramids. The first ones were unstable, and were filled with nothing, but with time, they became bigger, stronger, and encased with limestone casting. Contrary to popular belief, the pyramids were built with well paid, fed, and skilled labourers, not slaves.
The largest pyramid ever made in Egypt is Kufru’s Pyramid of Giza. It was one of the first smooth pyramids, and it took 3 attempts to make it look just like the pharaoh wanted. It is believed that it took about 10 years to finish it, and even at that speed it means that there had to be a block laid every two minutes. The largest blocks weighed about 25 tons, so even today it is unknown how the egyptians built these structures when there wasn’t technology, or even the wheel.

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¿what were the main characteristics of ancient china?

The main characteristics of ancient Chinese were art, religion ,social organization architecture, and writing

ART: Chinese had already known about the use of glass. They prepared various household articles and equipment from glass. They used Chinese clay to prepare pottery of various types. They painted different pictures in pottery.

RELIGION: The religious firmament of ancient China was far extensive. The Chinese were lovers of nature. They loved the earth, heaven, sun, moon, stars and other aspects of nature. But they also believed in gods, one of the most known god was  the earth god, and its name  was  ‘Si’ and other famous god was the god of crops known as ‘Chi’ by the Chinese.

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION: The social organization in China was unique. First of all was the king who was the head of the administration. then the knights then the workers and then the slaves. China had a lot of dynasties.

WRITING:the people of china develop their own system of writing, For this they first invented bamboo pens for writing, then they created a brush from camel hair. In this way Chinese learned how to use a pen and a brush

ARCHITECTURE:  Their architecture was not only amazing yet it was beautiful and build with purpose. for example they  build the houses with different colors in their roofs because of a tradition.

There are red, yellow and green.

red: is because it represents the color of luck and the truth.

yellow: the color represents that the person using it is a god because it represents the color of the god.

and green: is the color of the fair and the color of health. One of their most important building was the The Great Wall. They build this to protect themselves from possibles attacks. It was 2250 in length, 20 feet in breadth and 22 feet in height