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1. 123

2.ERP implementations needs BPR to optimize the business process and capture knowledge of the experts in the system to gain benefits in productivity. And the BPR is a process of rethinking and redesign of business process to improve the business performance such as cost effective, efficiency and quality of services in order to come out with  better decision making of the business.

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1) Human can be a success factor or hinder BPR. BPR can only be a success if those in the company understands and embrace the changes in the business processes. They should also be involved in the BPR decisions. The BPR must obtain support of people affected by the changes for successful implementation.

2) SURIYA's answer

3) From lecture slide

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1. Resistance to change - BPR is seen as a threat to the jobs, either directly to their existence or a threat to the quality and content of their jobs.
Personal View of Change

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1.Human factor in bpr which include the support of top management, change of agent, align work force with strategic and empowerment of work force.

2. ERP implementation needs a process re-engineering which enable to capture knowledge of the experts in the system thus gaining considerable benefits in productivity.

3.

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1.  Human factor in BPR are include , adapt to change in technologies, strategies relationships, empower worker, quality management, collaborate cultural changes.

2. ERP is to support the Enterprise’s business plan and business processes. When an enterprise does not have optimised business processes, the ERP implementation needs a process reengineering which enable to capture knowledge of the experts in the system thus gaining considerable benefits in productivity.
3.

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1.Human factor in bpr which include the support of top management, change of agent, align work force with strategic and empowerment of work force.

2. The important of bpr in erp is to help organization to achieve by enabling you to gain a better understanding of how your business currently operates and how your processes could be improved. Besides that, bpr helps organization to improve their decision making skills. Bpr able to support the business plan and process.

3.

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1-Inadequate skills of workers: No re-engineering effort will succeed without first reeducating and retraining the people who will ultimately work with the new process

Fear of job loss:  re-engineering became synonymous with downsizing and worker layoffs. However, many of the early corporate projects did not include such drastic measures.

Lack of management support: Senior management sometimes felt it was not necessary for them to also change with IT

2-Its important because it enable to capture knowledge of the experts in the system thus gaining considerable benefits in productivity

3-

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1.Human can be a success factor or hinder BPR. BPR can only be a success if those in the company understands and embrace the changes in the business processes. They should also be involved in the BPR decisions. The BPR must obtain support of people affected by the changes for successful implementation (sample answer given by lecturer)

2. Processes, organization, structure and information technologies are the key components of BPR, which automates business processes across the enterprise and provides an organization with a well-designed and well-managed information  systems.  It could  aid to have a high probability of  a smooth  ERP implementation.
3.

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1. (0)

How the current culture will accept the changes.

Whether or not employees have the skills required for the changes.

What levels of training is required for the re-engineering process.

How to control the level of stress placed on the individuals impacted by the change.

2.
ERP implementation is the development of business process model showing business process as one large system and the interconnection and sequence of business subsystems or processes that drive it (0).
3.

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1)Human factor in bpr which include the support of top management, change of agent, align work force with strategic and empowerment of work force.

2)BPR is important since ERP and BPR are depend on "best practices". When BPR and ERP are used together, organizational boundaries will be crossed and change management process will become extensive.

3)

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1. What are human factors in BPR?

Human factors in BPR is included human motivational reactions, resistance of change for the employees and BPR designers change of their view during the design of BPR.

2. Why BPR is important in ERP implementation?

BPR can help the companies to improve the quality of their work by reducing fragmentation and establishing clear ownership for each process. Also, BPR allows companies to improve their decision making through better data dissemination.  Furthermore, if the companies undertaken the BPR correctly it can reduce cycle time and therefore cost by allowing businesses to get rid of the activities that are unproductive, and the associated costs that go with them.

3.
ERP lifecycle is in which highlights the different stages in implementation of An ERP.  There are different stages of the ERP implementation that are as give below:

1.Adoption decision
This stage will be useful in eliminating those packages that are not suitable for the business process.

2.Acquisition
This is the phase that designs the implementation process. It is in this phase that the details of how to go about the implementation are decided.

3.Implementation
This is the main functional area of ERP implementation.This is the phase where one tries to break the system. One has reached a point where the company is testing the real case scenarios.

4.Use and maintenance
This is the phase where the actual users of the system will be given training on how to use the system. This phase starts much before the system goes live. The employees who are going to use the new system are identified. Their current skills are noted and they are divided into groups bases on the current skill levels. Then each group is given traning ont eh new system.

5.Evolution and Retirement phases
Once the implementation is over, the vendor and the hired consultants will go. To reap the fruit of the implementation it is very important that the system has wide acceptance. There should be enough employees who are trained to handle problems those crops up time to time. The systems must be updated with the change in technology. The post implementation will need a different set of roles and skills than those with less integrated kind of systems.

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Q1 - Human factors include top management support, change agents, acceptance not resistance, align work force with strategies, addressing variable cultural and environment contexts as well as empowerment of workforce.

Q2 - Processes, organization, structure and information technologies are the key components of BPR, which automates business processes across the enterprise and provides an organization with a well-designed and well-managed information system. That outcome of BPR is essential for ERP implementation since it would achieve ERP's objective more efficiently (3).

Q3 -

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1. resistance to change -   BPR aims at the change in the organisation.  BPR is perceived as a threat to their jobs, either a threat directly to their existence or a threat to the quality and content of their jobs (0).

2.  An independent ERP implementation can help achieve by enabling to gain a better understanding of how the business currently operates and how the processes could be improved (0).

3.

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Q1.

Human factors mean measures necessary for the implementation of the tasks that are directly dependent on the activity of staff. These factors can be both negative and positive. Negatives factors can be workers' fear of job loss, uncertainty of project outcome and a sense of discomfort and anxiety in the workplace and positive factors can be collaborative work environment, top management commitment and changes in the management system (3).

Q2.  Processes, organization, structure and information technologies are the key components of BPR, which automates business processes across the enterprise and provides an organization with a well-designed and well-managed information system (link to ERP, please)

Q3.

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1. Human factors in BPR are
change in  organisational structure and culture human passions and
emotions react strongly when the prospect of change intrudes on their familiar working and living patterns. Besides, inadequate skills of workers where not all workers early adopters and eager to know. Finally , lack of management support. BPR became the method to wipe the slate clean and start over with business processes. However, far too often this was applied to employees and middle managers. Senior management sometimes felt it was not necessary for them to also change with it (refer sample answer).

2.  Every company that intends to implement ERP has to reengineer its processes in one form or the other.  This process in known as Business Process Reengineering (BPR).

-BPR  allows companies to redesign their organisation into cross-functional teams and it allows companies to improve their decision making through better data dissemination (3).

3.

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1. Human factors include adaptability to change in technology, size of team impacted,  and involvement of top management (3).

2. ERP implementation will result in significant changes in an organization. Therefore, BPR is important to identify existing business processes and optimize them when planning to implement the ERP to maximize the benefits from implementing ERP (3).

3. ERP Lifcycle includes the phases starting from scope and commitment, then analysis & design, then acquisition & development, go-live and finally operations. Change management is present in all stages to prevent system failures for a successful implementation.

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1. Human factors including of changes in organizational structure or culture, changes in adaptable technology,  and less manpower.

2.

BPR is important since ERP and BPR are depend on "best practices". When BPR and ERP are used together, organizational boundaries will be crossed and change management process will become extensive. ERP and BPR rely on one another to get the best outcome. Without BPR, ERP would not be a success (3 - SAMPLE ANSWER).

3.

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1. Human factors in BPR can be classified into the factors that will hinder reengineering success and also factors that can contribute to success of reengineering. Factors that can hinder the success of reengineering eg: fear of job loss, change in organizational structure & culture also inadequate skills of workers. Meanwhile factors that can lead to success are eg: making sure that current culture will except changes, determining workers skills required for changes and also control the level of stress by the workers impacted due to the changes (3).

2. BPR plays an important role in implementing ERP as it helps the organization to decide whether to redesign the entire team into a cross-functional team or to improve their decision making process through a better data dissemination (3).

3.

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Q1-  Human can be a success factor or hinder BPR. BPR can only be a success if those in the company understands and embrace the changes in the business processes

Q2- BPR is important in ERP because it can identify all the process currently use (1) in the business and can organised the business outcome.

Q3-