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Phylogenic Tree

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5: Conclusion - Type of Natural Selection

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5: Conclusion - Type of Natural Selection

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Stabilizing Selection - Natural selection does not affect the crocodilian members because its traits are stable and almost never change. http://crocodilian.com/cnhc/csl.html

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5: Conclusion - Descent with Modification

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5: Conclusion - Descent with Modification

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Crocodilian members evolve slowly because when they find the trait that will give them a great advantage they all evolve into that trait, descending down to their offspring. http://crocodilian.com/cnhc/csl.html

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Crocodilian members use artificial selection to evolve overtime, this means that they evolve when they need to, to survive. Although they do not need to evolve much to survive as scientists have found, they do not use adaptive radiation. http://crocodilian.com/cnhc/csl.html

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Crocodilian members use random mating to find their partner, this means that every male and female have equal chance of finding a partner and making eggs with that partner. https://animalcorner.co.uk/animals/crocodile/

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Crocodilian members evolve on convergent evolution meaning that they develop similar traits even though different species on crocodilian do not live together. This is true with the way their legs evolved and the snouts of crocodilian members are similar but have few differences to have advantages in the way that they hunt for food.
https://socratic.org/questions/difference-between-divergent-evolution-and-convergent-evolution http://crocodilian.com/cnhc/csl.html

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I believe that evolution follows a punctuated equilibrium because the crocodilia members evolve fast at one time and then go a long time without evolution. For example, members of crocodilian went from land legs, to sea and land legs and then after that there is no advantageous changes.  http://necsi.edu/projects/evolution/evolution/grad+punct/evolution_grad+punct.html http://crocodilian.com/cnhc/csl.html

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3: Evidence of evolution - Chromosomal Analysis

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3: Evidence of evolution - Chromosomal Analysis

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http://www.caryologia.unifi.it/past_volumes/56_4/Caryologia_Vol_56_489-493.pdf
The picture of chromosomes is from a caiman which is in the same family as an alligator. The numbers of chromosomes in caiman and alligator are very similar where as the crocodile has a range of chromosomes between 30-42 for all of its species.

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American Alligator:  http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/maderbiology7/graphics/mader07b/online_vrl/images/0639l.jpg
Crocodile:
https://bridge8.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/whats-up-croc_anatomy__22354_zoom.jpg
This shows that as the ancestors of the crocodilian order evolved, there was little change between the species. The crocodiles can be two colors because they live in different environments where as the American Alligator lives in America.

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Structures: http://crocodilian.com/cnhc/csl.html
Fossils: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/mar/20/crocodile-skull-jurassic-coast-species http://fineartamerica.com/products/1-crocodyliform-fossil-chris-hellier-canvas-print.html https://fossilsplus.com/store/products.php?product=fossil-crocodile-skull-(mrcrs104) http://atlasofcreation.com/en/Books/4632/atlas-of-creation--/chapter/4491 http://www.finefossils.com/products/crocodile.htm http://en.harunyahya.net/crocodile-fossils-the-fossil-record/
Embryo: http://creationwiki.org/Crocodilia
Physiology: https://bridge8.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/whats-up-croc_anatomy__22354_zoom.jpg http://hix-american-aligator.weebly.com/dissection.html
Chromosome: http://www.caryologia.unifi.it/past_volumes/56_4/Caryologia_Vol_56_489-493.pdf
Speciation: http://necsi.edu/projects/evolution/evolution/grad+punct/evolution_grad+punct.html http://crocodilian.com/cnhc/csl.html
Evolution: https://socratic.org/questions/difference-between-divergent-evolution-and-convergent-evolution http://crocodilian.com/cnhc/csl.htmlReproduction: https://animalcorner.co.uk/animals/crocodile/
Selection: http://crocodilian.com/cnhc/csl.html
Phylogenic tree:  http://www.biology.ucr.edu/people/faculty/Gatesy.html

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http://creationwiki.org/images/thumb/c/c2/Alligatory_embryo_develop.jpg/250px-Alligatory_embryo_develop.jpg
This shows how the Alligator changes inside of the embryo as it becomes able to come out of the egg.

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Crocodiles Fossils: 1: http://www.harunyahya.com/image/Atlas_of_creation_v3/25_crocodile.jpg
2: https://www.fossilsplus.com/store/product_images/c/giantcroc1bl__51709.jpg
3: http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2012/3/20/1332262696251/Fossilised-prehistoric-cr-001.jpg
4: http://www.finefossils.com/images/products/large_62_1.jpg
5: http://en.harunyahya.net/resimleri/sites/4/90/crocodile11.jpg
6: http://fineartamerica.com/images-medium/crocodyliform-fossil-chris-hellier.jpg
These fossils show that there is little evolution over time for the crocodile and sometimes has a large change.

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Common Name: Gharial

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Crocodilia
Family: Gavialidae
Genus: Gavialis
Species: Gavialis gangeticus
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Indian_Gharial_Crocodile_Digon3.JPG

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Common Name: Crocodile
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Crocodilia
Family: Crocodylidae
Genus: Crocodylus
Species: Crocodylus niloticus
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Bazoule_sacred_crocodiles_MS_6709cropped.JPG

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Common Name: American Alligator
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Crocodilia
Family: Alligatoridae
Genus: Alligator
Species: Alligator mississippiensis
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/American_Alligator.jpg

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1: Structures that set the crocodilian order apart from other animal order's

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1: Structures that set the crocodilian order apart from other animal order's

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1. Internal: Crocodiles have a four-chambered heart, diaphragm and a cerebral cortex. External: They have a streamlined body that helps them swim faster in the water to catch prey. They have webbed feet. All members of the crocodilia order have hard scale-like skin with hard bumps. Alligators and some crocodiles have 2 eye lids, the outside one being like a human eye lid, where the inner eye lid is clear and closes back to front. These inner eye lids help members of the crocodilia group see under water and give them a clearer view of their surrounding while not getting water or dirt in their eyes.
http://crocodilian.com/cnhc/csl.html