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Agenda 03/21/22

Today's inquiry question: How did white people with racist ideologies impact the Civil Rights movement?

Starter: What you see and the message of the image

Background Information

Activities

Discussion/Debrief Questions

Closing

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What do you see? What do you think the message of this image is? What Questions do you have about this image?

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What do you see? What do you think the message of this image is? What Questions do you have about this image?

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Ideology:Ideas that revolve around political theories or policies.

Segregation:setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart.

White Supremacist: Person who believes that white people constitute a superior race and should therefore dominate society.

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During the Civil Rights movement, the Whites would come up with ideas that were racist and that would be going against the Civil Rights movement. White Americans launched a organized and determined campaign to defend segregation and white supremacy.

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3 facts I learned...

2 questions I have...

1 thing I found interesting...

Then turn and talk to your partner for 3 minutes about your answers.

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Separate but Equal no Longer: Ending School Segregation in the U.S.

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Newsela | Racial discrimination in the U.S. during World War II

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Read from"The nation’s founding and mainstream white supremacy" to "Fear of the Jewish threat"

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Read from"The nation’s founding and mainstream white supremacy" to "Fear of the Jewish threat"

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The angry men marching in Charlottesville, Virginia, this past weekend seemed alien to many Americans. They shouted "Blood and Soil," imitating the Nazi slogan "Blut and Boden" - meaning that the blood must be racially pure, and the land must belong to the racially pure. For these new American Nazis, the enemies are the black and brown people supposedly destroying their pure white United States. The marchers chanted, "Jews will not replace us," echoing Hitler's paranoid fear of Jews as the ultimate enemy.

Although they may seem a bizarre throwback to brown-shirted, goose-stepping stormtroopers of 1930s Germany, these men - and they were nearly all men - have roots that go deep in American history and America's present. They are also some of Trump's biggest fans. David Duke, a former leader of the Ku Klux Klan, said the marchers were there to "fulfill the promises of Donald Trump" to "take our country back." Others in Charlottesville found Trump too moderate. Vice News filmed one rally speaker named Christopher Cantwell arguing he'd prefer a president who's "a lot more racist than Donald Trump," someone who would not "give his daughter to a Jew."

This is the new face of white supremacy in the United States. It goes beyond the systemic racism minorities in America have long faced and continue to face. White supremacists dream of a world in which minorities are either subservient or nonexistent. Below is a brief history of some of how today's white supremacist movement came to be.

The nation's founding and mainstream white supremacy
Article I of the Constitution says slaves are three-fifths of a person, and Article IV requires states to return runaway slaves. The United States was founded on white supremacy.

The Civil War ended legal white supremacy, but it continued to be enforced by Southern leaders and white militant groups, most famously the KKK. Black people were kept under control by extralegal violence, including lynchings.

With the reimposition of white supremacy in the South, the original Klan faded away. In the early 20th century, however, it was reborn as a Protestant nativist movement. The new KKK was anti-black but also targeted Catholics and Jews, part of a long anti-immigrant tradition in America. The second Klan was a fad that attracted millions of supporters and then rapidly faded away in the 1930s.

The third Klan rose during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and '60s. Whites, angry at attempts to end segregation, again put on white hoods and joined local officials - often they were the local officials - in attacking Civil Rights workers. Blacks and whites were targeted for beatings, bombings and assassination. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 put the final legal nails in segregation. Support for the Klan dwindled.

White supremacy goes underground
The legal defeat of segregation did not, however, end white dreams of supremacy. Instead, angry white supremacists, no longer part of the mainstream, splintered into numerous underground racist organizations. Many of these groups borrowed ideas from the Nazis, creating a new kind of white opposition. These movements also spread out from the South, reaching every part of the United States.

An inspirational guru for this new white opposition was Wesley Swift, a former Methodist. Swift founded a church in the 1940s that preached a gospel of white superiority. He called his twisted version of Christianity "The Church of Jesus Christ, Christian," and preached that only white Europeans were blessed by God. He was particularly hostile to the Jews, borrowing from Nazi anti-Semitism.

One fan of Swift's was William Potter Gale, a World War II veteran, who was outraged at the federal government's interventions on behalf of the Civil Rights Movement. Gale formed his own "United States Christian Posse Association," later known as "Posse Comitatus" (Latin for "force of the county"). Gale argued that the federal government had overstepped its legal bounds. It had no right to use troops to protect black students during integration efforts, no right to collect income taxes and no right to run a Federal Reserve. Essentially, he said, the U.S. government was an illegitimate entity and its orders and officials could be opposed, with violence if necessary. The people had the right to form their own armed posses to oppose the federal government. This view became accepted among far-right groups and helps to explain their repeated clashes with federal and state authorities.

Gale was also violently anti-Semitic (quoted here in Daniel Levitas' The Terrorist Next Door):

"You're damn right I'm teaching violence! You better start making dossiers, names, addresses, phone numbers, car license numbers, on every damn Jew rabbi in this land ... and you better start doing it now. And know where he is. If you have to be told any more than that, you're too damn dumb to bother with."

In the 1970s and '80s, Posse Comitatus established chapters across the country, especially in places where an economic slump had led to farm foreclosures and desperate farmers.

Richard Girnt Butler was an associate of both Swift and Gale. On Swift's death, he took over his church and moved it to Idaho. There, he created a new organization, the Aryan Nations. Butler was even more anti-Semitic than Gale. He preached that the United States was being controlled by Jews and that it was the duty of all white Christians to fight against this oppressive force. Butler held annual meetings for Aryan Nations members and like-minded groups. Hundreds of racists would show up at the Aryan Nations compound for these conventions to discuss tactics and feed each other's hatreds.

Fear of the Jewish threat
A group with a similar mindset was the National Alliance, founded in 1974 by William Pierce, a former physics teacher. Pierce had been an associate of George Rockwell, the leader of the American Nazi Party, before Rockwell was assassinated in 1967, and shared Rockwell's anti-Semitism and his belief in the superiority of an American Aryan (white) nation. Under Pierce's leadership, the National Alliance gained an active membership of more than 1,000 people and became one of the nation's most successful far-right organizations.

In 1978, Pierce, writing under the pen name Andrew Macdonald, put out The Turner Diaries, a badly written racist novel that imagined the violent overthrow of the U.S. government by white militants. The United States, as depicted by Pierce, was controlled by a Jewish elite, who used blacks as their tools. In the book, the evil federal government orders all guns confiscated. White patriots fight back in an uprising that begins with the bombing of the FBI headquarters in Washington - a scene would become the model for Timothy McVeigh's bombing of the Oklahoma City Federal Building in 1995.

The themes in Pierce's book crop up again and again in far-right groups then and now. They shared a fear of a United States government bent on total control of society - a government controlled by Jews. They coined a nickname for the federal government: the Zionist Occupational Government, or ZOG. They also shared Pierce's fear that the government would take away their guns. This was also a fear spread by the more mainstream National Rifle Association - a group that had been a relatively boring advocate for hunters' rights for most of its history until it became radicalized after an internal shakeup in 1977.

Linked by their paranoia about government power, the far-right fringe shared a hostility towards all non-whites. They often expressed admiration for the ideas of Adolf Hitler, the hero of racists everywhere. They wanted to protect the power and the purity of the white race. They saw themselves as under attack by waves of "mud people" (Mexicans, Asians, blacks). The Jews were behind it all.

Violence defines the far right
Along with preaching white supremacist ideas, the far right has been incredibly violent. One of the perversities of American history is that there has been more fear of the left (the Black Panthers, the Weather Underground) than the far more violent right (the Order, the Aryan Brotherhood, the Militia movement). From the assassination of radio host Alan Berg to the Oklahoma City bombing, which killed 168 innocents, the right is more willing to use violence, and more murderous when they do so. Recent right-wing mass murder episodes include Wade Michael Page's 2012 attack on a Sikh temple in Wisconsin, which killed six; Frazier Glen Miller's 2014 targeting of Jewish community center in Kansas, which killed three; and Jared and Amanda Miller's 2014 murder spree in Las Vegas, which killed five (including themselves).

And then there's Dylann Roof's 2015 murder of nine black parishioners at the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston, South Carolina. Roof was an avowed white supremacist who posted pictures of himself posing with Confederate flags and guns and burning an American flag. Reportedly his last words to his victims were, "I have to do it. You rape our women and you're taking over our country. And you have to go."

White supremacy today
Today's white supremacists are splintered into dozens of groups with similar ideologies. There is a lot of crossover between these groups, with people moving back and forth between them. There are the neo-Nazis, who use websites like Stormfront and the Daily Stormer to coordinate their activities. Then there are the slightly more mainstream white nationalists who call for the creation of an ethnically pure white state (an "ethno-state") and the neo-Confederates who do the same but with an added dash of pre-Civil War nostalgia. The Klan still exists, of course, with splinter factions around the country.

Then there's the modern alt-right, a term coined by white nationalist Richard Spencer. They tend to be younger and snarkier than those in the older movements. They are particularly offended by what they see as excessive political correctness. They share contempt for mainstream liberals, feminists, "social justice warriors" and immigrants. There is no one alt-right organization, but they tend to gather on platforms like 4chan or the The_Donald (a pro-Trump subreddit). Some of the alt-right came out of the misogynistic Gamergate mess, while others got their start with the Red Pill, a subreddit devoted to pure misogyny. (The "Red Pill" refers to the scene in The Matrix when Keanu Reeves takes the red pill and discovers what the world is really about.) Some take on cute names like the Proud Boys (created by Gavin McInnes, a hipster co-founder of Vice Media) and the Fraternal Order of Alt-Knights.

Even more mainstream is Breitbart, the right-wing political site. Steven Bannon, when he ran Breitbart, proudly claimed it was the platform of the alt-right, and right-wing gadfly Milo Yiannopoulos once wrote a long, gushing profile of the alt-right in the publication. Bannon, who was until Friday President Trump's chief strategy adviser, has claimed to reject the ethno-nationalism of the alt-right, and instead calls himself an economic nationalist. He's also, however, a fan of a rabidly racist 1973 book called The Camp of the Saints, which portrays a white world overwhelmed by a horde of brown and black people.

There is a sad mix of paranoia and inferiority in all these supposedly superior white people. They claim they are the real victims in America - they are the ones who face real racism. Stormfront's website cries out, "We are the voice of the new, embattled White minority!" They portray themselves as warriors, but when they are attacked, they are shocked, hurt, afraid. After Richard Spencer was punched while doing a TV interview on Trump's Inauguration Day, he complained to CNN, "It was absolutely terrible. I've certainly never had this happen before, a sucker punch in broad daylight."

Jason Kessler, the petty criminal and wanna-be nationalist leader who helped to organize the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, gave a press conference Sunday, the day after Heather Heyer was killed, to complain about how the right was being mistreated. "It really is a sad day in our constitutional democracy when we are not able to have civil liberties like the First Amendment," he said. "That's what leads to rational discussion, and ideas breaking down, and people resorting to violence." Then he fled, as a heckler ran up to punch him.

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The History of White Supremacy in America

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The Charlottesville marchers have roots that go deep in the nation's history and its present.

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For this last activity, you are going to choose one of the articles and complete the Head-Heart-Conscience protocol under the article you chose.

Head: What information did you learn from this source? What questions do you still have?

Heart: What emotions does this source raise for you? What aspect of the source stands out to you the most and why?

Conscience: What questions about right or wrong, fairness or injustice, does this source raise for you?

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How did the whites with racist ideologies impact the Civil Rights movement?

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Let's take some time and discuss our Head-Heart-Conscience as a class.

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I see a goat which a tag that says "segregation" that is being kicked out of a house labelled "public school" by a hand that says"supreme court".

I think this picture is trying tell us that segregation was removed from pubic schools by the supreme court.

I wonder if the students were happy when segregation was removed from schools.

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See: I see a giant hand with the words "Supreme court" written on it. Then I that the hand is coming out of a house with the title "Public School". I see that the hand is putting out the lamb who has a tag that says "Segregation". Also, there seems to be children in the window titled "Dixie". The children are weeping.

Think: I think that this image reflects the fact that segregation was outlawed in public schools.

Wonder: I wonder why the artist chose a lamb to represent segregation.

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I see a larger arm reaching out of a public school. On the arm it say the supreme court. The arm is holding what looks like a sheep or goat that has the word segregation tied around its neck. The arm is throwing the animal outside of the school

I think the message is that with the Brown vs Board of Education the supreme court is getting rid of segregation in schools. That it will no longer have a place inside school buildings.

My question is - why is it a sheep with segregation around it's neck? Is it saying that all people who followed the laws of segregation where sheep aka followers?

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I see a giant arm with "Supreme Court" on the sleeve coming out of a public school's front door. The hand is holding an animal with "segregation" on it as a label.

I think that this is a cartoon showing support for the end of school segregation based on the details above and Brown v. Board of Ed.

I wonder what animal that is and why the artist chose it.

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I see a black sheep thrown out of public school by an arm titled Supreme Court.
I think this is happening in the south, because there is a sign in the window that says Dixie which is a nickname for the southern United States.
I wonder what rule was being broken, since the caption says "it was against the rule".

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See: I see a public school and a large hand with the words "Supreme Court" on the sleeve holding a sheep, that has the word "segregation" on its tag, outside of school.

Think: I think the message is that segregation stopped black and white people from attending the same schools.

Questions: Questions I have are why did the artist choose a sheep to represent black people?

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I see a big arm coming out of a public school labeled "supreme court" and holding a black goat. I also see kids crying in the window.
I think this image is trying to show us that black people weren't allowed to join public schools because it was against the law. The law being segregation where blacks and whites cannot be together, therefore they cannot share the same school.
Why is a goat representing black people? Were white students actually sad about segregation?

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I see a "public school" and a lamb with the tag "segregation" written on it and a hand with supreme court holding on the segregation and throwing the lamb out.
I think the message of this image is how the supreme court did not accept the segregation for the blacks to be in the same school as the whites.
A question I have about this image is why out of every animal, they chose a lamb?

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I see a big hand going thought a house holding a goat and kids inside the house crying.

I think the massage of this image is that segregation removed from school.

I wonder why is the goat being kick out from the school.

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See:i see a goat being help by the ''Supreme court" and the goat has a tag on it saying segregation.

Think:I think the image is trying to tell us that they kicked out segregation from public schools

Wonder:When is this taking place?

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i see a big hand taking a sheep out of the public school

i think the message is that segregation was not going to be in schools because of the supreme court.

i wonder when this cartoon was created and which year this cartoon was created for

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See- I see a big hand reaching out of a public school which says supreme court on the clothes and i see a goat with a string around its neck and on the string is a paper which was segregation. Also i see kids in the window along with the word Dixie in the window. Lastly i see "It was against the rules" on the bottom.

Think- I think the supreme court was trying to get rid of segregation out of public schools.

Wonder- Why does it say "it was against the rules" on the bottom, what was against the rules.

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- in this image, i see a hand that says supreme court and a donkey that has a tag labeled segregation. As well as dixies referring to the whites in the public school

- the hand of the supreme court supporting the fact of segregation within the whites and blacks. They are getting rid of segregation and the end of segregation

- i wonder why it says it was against the rule

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I see an arm, the jacket says "supreme court". The arm is carrying something with a tag that says "segregation".
I think the message of this image is that segregation is not allowed anymore.
I wonder what the person who's holding that is going to do.

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I see a giant arm kicking the animal named segregation out of the public school. I also see kids with the word dixie upset that the animal is leaving.

I think the message of this image is to show that segregation is gone from public schools

I wonder what dixie means.

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I see a goat with a tag that says "SEGREGATION" and is getting kicked out from school. There is also a hand that picks up the goat to kick the goat out.  The people on the window are sad and say "DIXIE". At the bottom it says was against the rule

I think what is going on is the hand is kicking the goat out of the school and it was against the rule.  Therefore eliminating segregation in public schools.

I wonder why the goat kicked out?

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I see a animal  getting kicked from his job or from a place                                                                                       I think the message of this image thing the animal did that made his get kicked                                    Why  was the animal  being kicked from his house or place       

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I see a animal  getting kicked from his job or from a place                                                                                       I think the message of this image thing the animal did that made his get kicked                                    Why  was the animal  being kicked from his house or place       

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I see a hand holding taking  the black goat out the public school

I think the message is saying that the supreme court removes segregation from public schools.

I wonder why the artist chose a sheep

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See: I see a window that had "DIXIE" written on it and see children crying behind the window. I also see a large hand coming out of a public school, carrying a sheep that had a tag on it that read, "SEGREGATION" and the large hand had "SUPREME COURT" written on its sleeve.

Think: I think the message of this image is that the Brown v. Board of Education is eliminating segregation in public schools and the sheep being put out means that segregation will no longer return in public schools.

Wonder: Why does the lamb represent segregation being kicked out of public schools?

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See - I see a donkey that has a name tag. The tag says segregation on it. There's also a big hand and on its sleeve it says Supreme Court. The hand is coming out of a public school. The caption on the bottom says "It was against the rule."

Think - I think the cartoon is representing the Supreme Court banning segregation from public schools.

Wonder - I wonder why the kids are crying.

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See- I see a sheep being carried out of the public school by the supreme court

Think- the sheep is named "segregation" is being removed, so i think that means the segregation is being removed from the public schools.

Question- Why did public schools separate children based on their skin color in the first place?

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I see a big hand with the Supreme court written putting out of the public school to a sheep with a name tag segregation. I also see some people crying through the window

I think these trying tell us that the supreme court removed the segregation from the public school.

Why is there a sheep inside a public school?

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3 facts I learned:

Redlining occurred right after the Civil War and still effects home values today.

White sounding names get twice the amount of calls as resumes with black sounding names.

Systemic racism does not have just one source - makes it more difficult to combat. We all have a role to play in changing this problem.

2 questions I have:

Do you think statistics about names have influenced peoples decisions when naming their children?

If redlining is illegal how does it still happen today?

1 thing I found interesting:

The whole video was interesting - really shows how the roots of systemic racism is deep within our country's history.

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3)
1- the bank would deny people things based on skin color
2-for every $100 white people have, black people have $5.04
3- people with black sounding names are more likely to not be employed

2)
1- Why do companies care about how "black" or "white" the interviewees name are?
2- Why is there still systematic racism in the modern day?

1)
1- How there's STILL systematic racism even till this day

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3 facts I learned were redlining, systemic racism and that black-sounding names on interviews don't get a lot of callbacks.

2 questions I have is how can we stop systemic racism and I don't really have a second question.

1 thing I found interesting was that just having a black-sounding name meant that the chances for an interview were lowered.

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3: Whites were given more and African Americans were "redlined", which they don't get anything.
2: Why were African Americans "redlined"?
1:

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3-Redlining was a practice that people did to not let African Americans to get private things. Banks choose low in come white families then successful black families. Systemic problems are one of the things that are everywhere.

2- Is there still practice of Systemic Racism. Also why did banks choose low income white families over successful black families.

1-People get treated differently because of race and noting else because Jamal got same amount of GPA score as the white person but their was much more interest in the white persons success.

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3-
One thing I learned is that banks were mostly willing to lend money to the whites and not blacks
Another thing I learned is that people with white sounding names got more calls back from interviews
2-
i don't have any questions
1-
One thing I found interesting was that the two friends got the same GPA and same school but their were much more interest in the white persons success.

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Facts:
-Black schools did not have as many things as white schools
-White kids were more likely to be accepted into good schools than black kids
-White kids had a better resume than black kids

Questions:
-Does this system still exist today?
-Did this system influence the thoughts of parents when naming their kids?

Interesting:
-Black sounding names impacts the lives of kids.

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Something I learned was when blacks family wanted to buy a house they wounded let buy the house.

how can we stop systemic racism.

how is there still systematic racism even till this day.

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-I learned that people with "white" sounding names get more callbacks that people with "black" sounding names when it comes to jobs.
-I learned that black kids aren't always given equal opportunities compared to white kids.
-I learned that we can change systemic racism because we are all apart of the system.

-Why are people redlined?
-How are we as a society still allowing systemic racism to take place?

-Something I found interesting is how something so long ago like slavery still has its impacts in today's society.

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3 facts I learned are black unemployment are double the amount of white unemployment, low income white families were more likely to get a loan than middle or upper income African American families, and banks specifically denied loans for people based on their skin color.

2 questions I have are why were low income white families more likely to get a loan than middle or upper income African American families and why did people with white sounded names hired more than people with black sounded names.

1 thing I found interesting was how we can try to stop systemic racism.

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3-Redling is to blame for inequity.
Banks are more willing to lend money to whites.
2-Are there still systemic Racism
1-That people with white sounding names get more call backs when interviewing.

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3 even if a black person graduated with the same degree as a white person, the white person will still get more interactions with businesses than the black person
systemic problems are everywhere

2 why would banks take low income white families than higher income black families

1 some black neighborhoods had redlining and that blocked them from private or public investment banks.

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3: Redlining blocked off black people from private and public investment banks, every $100 from a white family is $5.04 in a black family, resumes with white sounding names gets twice the rate of callbacks and twice the amount of employment than black sounding names
2: Why did white people receive low interest loans? Was it because they were white or was it because of their credit scores? Did it require black people to be really smart to actually get accepted into a white school.
1: Banks are more willing to lend to low income white families than high income black families.

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3 facts i learned is Kevin and Jamal have many different opportunities because Kevin is white and Jamal is black.There was a lot of segregation because even tho they both graduated from the same college and had the same gpa they would still get treated differently.

2:why would they treat Jamal differently?

1:Unemployment rates for blacks were higher than whites.

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1. The people with a "white name" got more interview requests then the ones with a "black name".

2. African American has the most unemployment rates.

3. the bank would deny people things based on skin color

2) What will happen if a white person has a "black persons name"? Will they still get more interview requests?

3) none

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3 things I learned...

- Black sounding names didn't gain as much attention as white sounding names.
- Slavery and Jim Crow Laws still affect people today.
- Every $100 for White Americans are $5.04 for African Americans.

2 questions I have...

- Why were African Americans treated unfairly unlike White Americans?
- Why do past events still affect African Americans today?

1 thing I found interesting...

- The video showed systematic racism between two perspectives: A White American Family and an African American family.

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3 - Black people used to not get good education, they used not get hired in jobs, they used to not get help from the government

2 - Why are the property taxes used to determine school funding

1 - White people used to get more job requests then the black people

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Three - Three things I learned are black people were denied some houses. Another thing I learned is that resumes could be affected by names. The last thing I learned is that a black person could get the same GPA as a white person and still get a worse job.

Two - Two questions I have is how would public schools be like if they had tuition and what would the world be like if white people didn't have so many advantages.

One - Something I found interesting was that every 100 dollars a white family gets, a black family gets 5 dollars and 4 cents.

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Head: I learned that change towards segregation finally began to start process when President Harry Truman ordered the end of segregation in the military in the late 1940s.
Heart: I felt that this was so unfair towards the colored students not being able to get the same education as the rest in the white schools and being separated.
Conscience: A question I have of this was how did school segregation even start.

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I learned that states would spend 10 to 20 times more on white schools than black schools.

I feel relieved that this system is no more and that blacks and whites are able to go to the same school and receive the same education.

In the article, it said that the person that led the NAACP sued public schools in the south. I was wondering if the person got the money and what happened to the money?

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Head: The information I was reminded of from this source was the issues that many black people had with American policies during WWII. It's like how can you claim to be fighting racist Nazis when you won't fight racism at home and in the military? How can we expect black soldiers to fight for justice when their military experience is unjust.

Heart: My heart truly breaks for all of the people who were fighting for their rights during the Civil Rights movement. They continue to fight even when they were offered false promises for the future.

Conscience: This article raises a lot of questions about what is wrong with America and how the president and political leaders could be so blind to the blatant discrimination that existed in the US. How could the US gov't pretend it was doing so much to combat the injustices of the world and yet at home they were committing similar crimes.

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Head: after enslavement had ended after the war white and black people had dined at different restaurants across the states.
Heart: this emotion this article brought me was neutral because i didn't know how to feel to the fact that even after the war the black people were still treated differently.
Conscience: what restaurants did the white and black people dine at.

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Heart: The information that I learned from this source is that schools were created separately but not equally. I don't have any questions.

Heart: It makes me feel kinda sad knowing that a lot of people weren't given equal opportunity and how that may affect their families moving on.

One question I have is how did they think they built separate but equal schools at first.

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Head: I learned that by the mid 1900s, schools for black and whites were declared separate but equal. Southern states built separate schools, one for blacks and one for whites, and made a promise that even though they are separate, they are equal. However, the schools were not equal and The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People sued public schools.

Heart: It makes me mad that we were promised as one nation and were all created equal but it's all fake. Not only was the country split into 2 nations, but the amount of hypocrisy and lies the nation has shown is upsetting.

Conscience: The article says the nation was split into 2, one black and one white. My question is what about all the other races? Were they just not included and invisible?

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Head- black and white people had separate things, such as bathrooms, drinking fountains and restaurants. And this was caused because when many black people were freed from slavery, the white people from the North and South lost power and tried regaining it by separating black and white people.

Heart- some emotions this raises is maybe angry or disappointed because of the way white people acted towards black people

Conscience- Some questions this raises for me are, why do people agree with segregation? And what gave white people the idea of them being superior to black people?

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Head: What information did you learn from this source? What questions do you still have?

- President Harry Truman ordered the end of segregation in the military, and Jackie Robinson became the first Black American to play Major League Baseball.

- Warren worked tirelessly to achieve a 9-0 ruling. He feared any disagreement might provide a legal argument for the forces against integration — that is, bringing white and Black students back together. The United Supreme Court sent a clear message: schools had to integrate.

What is The " bloodshed during the civil rights movement of the 1960s"

Heart: What emotions does this source raise for you? What aspect of the source stands out to you the most and why?

I felt that it was unfair for the colored students not being able to get the same education as the rest in the white schools.
The Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) taught the law of separating societies. It was permitted to keep the people apart, the ruling said, as long as the two were considered equal. But it was wrong.

Conscience: What questions about right or wrong, fairness or injustice, does this source raise for you?

No questions

# data[].attributes.body
HEAD: in the supreme court ruling Plessy v Ferguson it mentioned that America had two separate societies which were the black and the whites

HEART: some emotions this raises for me is that the "battle" for equality and end of segregation was a very tough experience for the society.

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Head: I learned about the history of white supremacy in the U.S and the similarities between the KKK and the Nazis.

Heart: The emotion that this source raises for me is that I am utterly disgusted. I'm disgusted because I cannot fathom how a human being would be so sick and twisted and treat and think about another human being so poorly. I can't believe that white supremacists think they're so superior when they're just like anyone else.

Conscience: Why did we as a country let racist groups like the KKK form?

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H-Black activists planned protests during and after World War II to try to end racial injustice in the military.

H-In many parts of the country, Blacks were denied the right to vote This made me feel angry about how they were treated.
c-

# data[].attributes.body
i learned that in 1896, Plessy v. Ferguson wrote in law that america has two separate societies.

i feel sad because people actually saw black people as their inferior and not their equal.

one question is probably

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Head: The information that I learned from the article is that the first major battleground was in the schools.

Heart: It kind of makes me sad because of what the children did when the battle  happen.

Conscience: Is the black people used have the right to go everywhere or they were banned or not allow to go some places.

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Head: Teachers in white schools were paid better wages, school buildings for white students were maintained more carefully, and money for school supplies was more abundant in white schools. States normally spent 10 to 20 times on the education of white students as they spent on Black American students.

Heart: Some emotions this raises for me is enraged because African Americans were treated very unfairly back in the late 1950's.