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Rox & Judy

1. Who was involved in your resistance?

Her women army was similar to the “Amazon” women army of Benin, Behanzin’s fearless protective women’s army.

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1. Ismael Touré, Mamadi Keïta, Siaka Touré, former commander of Camp Boiro; and Moussa Diakité. 2. Violence / Military 3. Faranah, French Guinea [now Guinea] 4. 19th century (1954-1984) 5. He used guerrilla warfare and scorched earth policy which proved effective against the French. 6. They were afraid to lose its administrative and judicial powers of the french. There was hatred toward French disrespect of their traditional institution and culture to resist the French. -Kiki, Al3, & Keontae

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1. 25,000 women were involved in the resistance.

2. Armed resistance

3+4. Took place in southeastern Nigeria November-December 1929

5.  To resist, the women sang, danced and Released prisoners, attacked European stores

6. The people resisted imperialism because the Europeans were going to enforce a tax that could have limited the amount of food people had access too.

To memorialize the event, we could build a statue to memorialize the leaders of the revolt, Ikonnia Nwannedia and Nwugo.

http://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/aba-womens-riots-november-december-1929/#:~:text=During%20the%20two%20month%20“war,power%20of%20the%20warrant%20chiefs.

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Courtesy National Museum Uyo, Fair use image

The "riots" or the war, led by women in the provinces of Calabar and Owerri in southeastern Nigeria in November and December of 1929, became known as the "Aba Women's Riots of 1929" in British colonial history, or as the "Women's War" in Igbo history. Thousands of Igbo women organized a massive revolt against the policies imposed by British colonial administrators in southeastern Nigeria, touching off the most serious challenge to British rule in the history of the colony. The "Women's War" took months for the government to suppress and became a historic example of feminist and anti-colonial protest.

The roots of the riots evolved from January 1, 1914, when the first Nigerian colonial governor, Lord Lugard, instituted the system of indirect rule in Southern Nigeria. Under this plan British administrators would rule locally through "warrant chiefs," essentially Igbo individuals appointed by the governor. Traditionally Igbo chiefs had been elected.

Within a few years the appointed warrant chiefs became increasingly oppressive. They seized property, imposed draconian local regulations, and began imprisoning anyone who openly criticized them. Although much of the anger was directed against the warrant chiefs, most Nigerians knew the source of their power, British colonial administrators. Colonial administrators added to the local sense of grievance when they announced plans to impose special taxes on the Igbo market women. These women were responsible for supplying the food to the growing urban populations in Calabar, Owerri, and other Nigerian cities. They feared the taxes would drive many of the market women out of business and seriously disrupt the supply of food and non-perishable goods available to the populace.

In November of 1929, thousands of Igbo women congregated at the Native Administration centers in Calabar and Owerri as well as smaller towns to protest both the warrant chiefs and the taxes on the market women. Using the traditional practice of censoring men through all night song and dance ridicule (often called "sitting on a man"), the women chanted and danced, and in some locations forced warrant chiefs to resign their positions. The women also attacked European owned stores and Barclays Bank and broke into prisons and released prisoners. They also attacked Native Courts run by colonial officials, burning many of them to the ground. Colonial Police and troops were called in. They fired into the crowds that had gathered at Calabar and Owerri, killing more than 50 women and wounding over 50 others. During the two month "war" at least 25,000 Igbo women were involved in protests against British officials.

The Aba Women's war prompted colonial authorities to drop their plans to impose a tax on the market women, and to curb the power of the warrant chiefs. The women's uprising is seen as the first major challenge to British authority in Nigeria and West Africa during the colonial period.

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Aba Women's Riots (November-December 1929) *

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The "riots" or the war, led by women in the provinces of Calabar and Owerri in southeastern Nigeria in November and December of 1929, became known as the "Aba Women's Riots of 1929" in British colonial history, or as the "Women's War" in Igbo history. ...

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1. Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasa land
2. Religion / music /unique culture
3. Southeast Africa
4. in 1915
5.The major action of the Chilembwe uprising involved an attack on the Bruce plantation at Magomero
6. The conditions that led African peoples to resist colonial rule often emerged from  taxation, racist and arbitrary violence, and political illegitimacy

7 . Resources

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilembwe_uprising

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1. Kinjikitile Ngwale was The leader of the rebellion against, Against them were also some other tribes like the Yao
2. This was a violent Resistance
4. The Rebellion Was in 1905.
5. The Maji Maji revolted because germans made them grow cotton for export.
6. The Revolt of the Maji Failed because they believed in magical water and they had limited weaponry.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Maji-Maji

https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/maji-maji-uprising-1905-1907/

https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/violenceinafrica/sample-page/the-maji-maji-rebellion-2/

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The Maji Maji Uprising in Tanganyika was the most significant African challenge to German colonial rule during the brief period when Germany had African colonies. The Uprising lasted two years and involved people over 10,000 square miles. During the “scramble for Africa” that began with … Read MoreM…

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1) The people in our resistance were the people of Ethiopia and Italy.
2) The category of the Battle of Adwa is violence/military action.
3) The resistance took place in Ethiopia Italy.
4) The Battle of Adwa started in April 1, 1896.
5) Religious and spiritual beliefs helped people subtly resist colonial rule.
6) Taxation, racism, work labor, and political illegitimacy.

https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/resistance_and_rebellions_africa#:~:text=The%20conditions%20that%20led%20African,arbitrary%20violence%2C%20and%20political%20illegitimacy.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbegnoch

https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Adwa