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Newcomen steam engine/ I Industrial Revolution

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Newcomen steam engine/ I Industrial Revolution

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In 1712, Thomas Newcomen invented the first steam engine. It was used predominantly to pump water out from coal mines, allowing the miners to dig further down.

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Humble sewing machine/ I Industrial Revolution

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Humble sewing machine/ I Industrial Revolution

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In 1755 a German-born engineer called Charles Fredrick Wiesenthal developed an early mechanical device for sewing.

It consisted of a double-pointed needle with an eye at the end. A little later, in the 1790s, an English inventor, Thomas Saint, developed the world's first sewing machine.

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Arkwright's Water Frame spinning machine/ I Industrial Revolution

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Arkwright's Water Frame spinning machine/ I Industrial Revolution

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Richard Arkwright was a barber and wig maker who managed to devise a machine that could spin cotton fibers into yarn or thread very quickly and easily. In 1760 he and John Kay managed to produce a working machine. This prototype could spin four strands of cotton at the same time.

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Watt steam engine/ I Industrial Revolution

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Watt steam engine/ I Industrial Revolution

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Scottish engineer James Watt invented the first practical steam engine in 1763.

Watt’s engine was very similar to Newcomen’s, but it required less fuel to run and was thus much more efficient and attractive to potential buyers.

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The invention of the Power Loom effectively increased the output of a worker by over a factor of 40. It was one of the most important inventions of the Industrial Revolution.

It was introduced in 1784 by Edmund Cartwright who built the very first working machine in 1785.

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The invention of the Power Loom effectively increased the output of a worker by over a factor of 40. It was one of the most important inventions of the Industrial Revolution.

It was introduced in 1784 by Edmund Cartwright.

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The locomotive/ II Industrial Revolution

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The locomotive/ II Industrial Revolution

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The first recorded steam railway journey took place on 21 February 1804, when Cornishman Richard Trevithick’s ‘Pen-y-Darren’ locomotive carried ten tons of iron, five wagons and seventy men the 9.75 miles from the ironworks at Penydarren to the Merthyr-Cardiff Canal in four hours and five minutes. The journey had an average speed of c. 2.4 mph.

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Portland Cement and the invention of concrete/ II Industrial Revolution

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Portland Cement and the invention of concrete/ II Industrial Revolution

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Joseph Aspdin was a bricklayer turned builder who, in 1824, devised and patented a chemical process for making Portland Cement. This one invention from the Industrial Revolution has been one of the most important of all time for the construction industry.

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On 25 July 1837 Sir William Fothergill Cooke and Charles Wheatstone successfully demonstrated the first electrical telegraph, installed between Euston and Camden Town in London.

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The Hydrogen Fuel Cell/ I Industrial Revolution

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The Hydrogen Fuel Cell/ I Industrial Revolution

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The Hydrogen Fuel Cell was first documented in 1838 in a letter published in the December edition of The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. The piece was written by a Welsh physicist and barrister William Grove. In it, he described his development of a crude fuel cell that combined sheet iron, copper and porcelain plates and a solution of sulfate of copper and dilute acid.

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Dynamite was invented by Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, in the 1860s. Prior to its invention, gunpowder (called black powder) had been used to shatter rocks and fortifications. Dynamite, however, proved stronger and safer, quickly gaining widespread use.